Decoding Sources of Energy Variability in a Laser-Plasma Accelerator

Laser-plasma acceleration promises compact sources of high-brightness relativistic electron beams. However, the limited stability often associated with laser-plasma acceleration has previously prevented a detailed mapping of the drive laser and electron performance and represents a major obstacle towards advancing laser-plasma acceleration for applications. Here, we correlate drive laser and electron-beam parameters with high statistics to identify and quantify sources of electron energy drift and jitter. Based on our fmdings, we provide a parametrization to predict the electron energy drift with subpercent accuracy for many hours from measured laser parameters, which opens a path for performance improvements by active stabilization. Our results arc enabled by the first stable 24-h operation of a laser-plasma accelerator and the statistics from 100 000 consecutive electron beams, which, by itself, marks an important milestone.