Real-world data from a molecular tumor board demonstrates improved outcomes with a precision N-of-One strategy

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can identify novel cancer targets. However, interpreting the molecular findings and accessing drugs/clinical trials is challenging. Furthermore, many tumors show resistance to monotherapies. To implement a precision strategy, we initiated a multidisciplinary (basic/translational/clinical investigators, bioinformaticians, geneticists, and physicians from multiple specialties) molecular tumor board (MTB), which included a project manager to facilitate obtaining clinical-grade biomarkers (blood/tissue NGS, specific immunohistochemistry/RNA expression including for immune-biomarkers, per physician discretion) and medication-acquisition specialists/clinical trial coordinators/navigators to assist with medication access. The MTB comprehensively reviewed patient characteristics to develop N-of-One treatments implemented by the treating physician's direction under the auspices of a master protocol. Overall, 265/429 therapy-evaluable patients (62%) were matched to >= 1 recommended drug. Eighty-six patients (20%) matched to all drugs recommended by MTB, including combinatorial approaches, while 38% received physician's choice regimen, generally with unmatched approach/low degree of matching. Our results show that patients who receive MTB-recommended regimens (versus physician choice) have significantly longer progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and are better matched to therapy. High (>= 50%) versus low (<50%) Matching Score therapy (roughly reflecting therapy matched to 50% versus <50% of alterations) independently correlates with longer PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.80; P<0.001) and OS (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50-0.90; P=0.007) and higher stable disease >= 6 months/partial/complete remission rate (52.1% versus 30.4% P<0.001) (all multivariate). In conclusion, patients who receive MTB-based therapy are better matched to their genomic alterations, and the degree of matching is an independent predictor of improved oncologic outcomes including survival. A molecular tumor board (MTB) is often used as a platform that integrates clinical and molecular parameters for clinical decision making. Here, the authors review the outcome of 715 cancer patients presented at their institution's MTB, and demonstrate that patients who received a MTB-recommended regimen received therapy that was better matched to their alterations and achieved better clinical outcomes.