Desperate times call for desperate measures: benefits and costs of toxin–antitoxin systems

Prokaryotic toxin–antitoxin systems: novel regulations of the toxins

(2016) Yuichi Otsuka   CURRENT GENETICS

Linking bacterial type I toxins with their actions

(2016) Régine Brielle et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY

The toxin GraT inhibits ribosome biogenesis

(2016) Andres Ainelo et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Persistence Increases in the Absence of the Alarmone Guanosine Tetraphosphate by Reducing Cell Growth

(2016) Nityananda Chowdhury et al.   Scientific Reports

Type II toxin: antitoxin systems. More than small selfish entities?

(2015) Andrea Rocker et al.   CURRENT GENETICS

Stability of the GraA Antitoxin Depends on Growth Phase, ATP Level, and Global Regulator MexT

(2015) Hedvig Tamman et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Fitness trade-offs explain low levels of persister cells in the opportunistic pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosa

(2015) Kristine Stepanyan et al.   MOLECULAR ECOLOGY

Acis-acting antitoxin domain within the chromosomal toxin-antitoxin module EzeT ofEscherichia coliquenches toxin activity

(2015) Andrea Rocker et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Stochastic induction of persister cells by HipA through (p)ppGpp-mediated activation of mRNA endonucleases

(2015) Elsa Germain et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Distinct type I and type II toxin-antitoxin modules control Salmonella lifestyle inside eukaryotic cells

(2015) Damián Lobato-Márquez et al.   Scientific Reports

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Bacterial Persisters

(2014) Etienne Maisonneuve et al.   CELL

Quorum sensing peptides mediating interspecies bacterial cell death as a novel class of antimicrobial agents

(2014) Sathish Kumar et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY

Functional and Structural Analysis of HicA3-HicB3, a Novel Toxin-Antitoxin System of Yersinia pestis

(2014) S. Bibi-Triki et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

The ToxAvapA Toxin-Antitoxin Locus Contributes to the Survival of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae during Infection

(2014) Dabin Ren et al.   PLoS One

Internalization of Salmonella by Macrophages Induces Formation of Nonreplicating Persisters

(2014) S. Helaine et al.   SCIENCE

Bacterial persisters: formation, eradication, and experimental systems

(2014) Sophie Helaine et al.   TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY

Toxin-Antitoxin Systems as Multilevel Interaction Systems

(2014) Nathalie Goeders et al.   Toxins

Transcriptional cross-activation between toxin-antitoxin systems of Escherichia coli

(2013) Villu Kasari et al.   BMC MICROBIOLOGY

RETRACTED: (p)ppGpp Controls Bacterial Persistence by Stochastic Induction of Toxin-Antitoxin Activity

(2013) Etienne Maisonneuve et al.   CELL

Toxin-antitoxin systems are ubiquitous and versatile modulators of prokaryotic cell fate

(2013) Christopher F. Schuster et al.   FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS

A Moderate Toxin, GraT, Modulates Growth Rate and Stress Tolerance of Pseudomonas putida

(2013) H. Tamman et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Escherichia coli toxin gene hipA affects biofilm formation and DNA release

(2013) J. Zhao et al.   MICROBIOLOGY-SGM

Preventing Bacterial Suicide: A Novel Toxin-Antitoxin Strategy

(2013) Monica Markovski et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Molecular Mechanism of Bacterial Persistence by HipA

(2013) Elsa Germain et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

A Bacterial Toxin Inhibits DNA Replication Elongation through a Direct Interaction with the β Sliding Clamp

(2013) Christopher D. Aakre et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Discovery of Functional Toxin/Antitoxin Systems in Bacteria by Shotgun Cloning

(2013) Hila Sberro et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

The Fic protein Doc uses an inverted substrate to phosphorylate and inactivate EF-Tu

(2013) Daniel Castro-Roa et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Regulation of toxin–antitoxin systems by proteolysis

(2013) Iwona Brzozowska et al.   PLASMID

HipA-mediated antibiotic persistence via phosphorylation of the glutamyl-tRNA-synthetase

(2013) Ilana Kaspy et al.   Nature Communications

Antitoxin MqsA Represses Curli Formation Through the Master Biofilm Regulator CsgD

(2013) Valerie W. C. Soo et al.   Scientific Reports

A Toxin-Antitoxin Module of Salmonella Promotes Virulence in Mice

(2013) Miguel A. De la Cruz et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Type II toxin/antitoxin MqsR/MqsA controls type V toxin/antitoxin GhoT/GhoS

(2012) Xiaoxue Wang et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Isolation of Highly Persistent Mutants of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Reveals a New Toxin-Antitoxin Module

(2012) A. Slattery et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Dmd of bacteriophage T4 functions as an antitoxin against Escherichia coli LsoA and RnlA toxins

(2012) Yuichi Otsuka et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

YeeU enhances the bundling of cytoskeletal polymers of MreB and FtsZ, antagonizing the CbtA (YeeV) toxicity in Escherichia coli

(2012) Hisako Masuda et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Alternative interactions define gyrase specificity in the CcdB family

(2012) Natalie De Jonge et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

A new type V toxin-antitoxin system where mRNA for toxin GhoT is cleaved by antitoxin GhoS

(2012) Xiaoxue Wang et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Regulation of the Escherichia coli HipBA Toxin-Antitoxin System by Proteolysis

(2012) Sonja Hansen et al.   PLoS One

Toxin-Antitoxin Systems Are Important for Niche-Specific Colonization and Stress Resistance of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

(2012) J. Paul Norton et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Toxin-Antitoxin Systems Influence Biofilm and Persister Cell Formation and the General Stress Response

(2011) Xiaoxue Wang et al.   APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Antitoxin MqsA helps mediate the bacterial general stress response

(2011) Xiaoxue Wang et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Diversity of bacterial type II toxin–antitoxin systems: a comprehensive search and functional analysis of novel families

(2011) Raphaël Leplae et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

A Toxin-Antitoxin Module in Bacillus subtilis Can Both Mitigate and Amplify Effects of Lethal Stress

(2011) Xiangli Wu et al.   PLoS One

Bacterial persistence by RNA endonucleases

(2011) Etienne Maisonneuve et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A Novel Mechanism of Programmed Cell Death in Bacteria by Toxin–Antitoxin Systems Corrupts Peptidoglycan Synthesis

(2011) Hannes Mutschler et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

Persister Cells

(2010) Kim Lewis   Annual Review of Microbiology

Escherichia coli rnlA and rnlB Compose a Novel Toxin-Antitoxin System

(2010) M. Koga et al.   GENETICS

Vibrio choleraeParE2 Poisons DNA Gyrase via a Mechanism Distinct from Other Gyrase Inhibitors

(2010) Jie Yuan et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

YeeV is an Escherichia coli toxin that inhibits cell division by targeting the cytoskeleton proteins, FtsZ and MreB

(2010) Qian Tan et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

RatA (YfjG), an Escherichia coli toxin, inhibits 70S ribosome association to block translation initiation

(2010) Yonglong Zhang et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Abundance of type I toxin–antitoxin systems in bacteria: searches for new candidates and discovery of novel families

(2010) Elizabeth M. Fozo et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

TADB: a web-based resource for Type 2 toxin–antitoxin loci in bacteria and archaea

(2010) Yucheng Shao et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Regulation of phenotypic variability by a threshold-based mechanism underlies bacterial persistence

(2010) Eitan Rotem et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The Decay of the Chromosomally Encoded ccdO157 Toxin-Antitoxin System in the Escherichia coli Species

(2009) N. Mine et al.   GENETICS

Treponema denticola biofilm-induced expression of a bacteriophage, toxin-antitoxin systems and transposases

(2009) H. L. Mitchell et al.   MICROBIOLOGY-SGM

Three new RelE-homologous mRNA interferases ofEscherichia colidifferentially induced by environmental stresses

(2009) Mikkel Christensen-Dalsgaard et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

A Differential Effect of E. coli Toxin-Antitoxin Systems on Cell Death in Liquid Media and Biofilm Formation

(2009) Ilana Kolodkin-Gal et al.   PLoS One

The phage abortive infection system, ToxIN, functions as a protein–RNA toxin–antitoxin pair

(2009) Peter C. Fineran et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Comprehensive Functional Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Implications for Pathogenesis, Stress Responses, and Evolution

(2009) Holly R. Ramage et al.   PLoS Genetics

Escherichia coli MazF Leads to the Simultaneous Selective Synthesis of Both “Death Proteins” and “Survival Proteins”

(2009) Shahar Amitai et al.   PLoS Genetics

Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Escherichia coli Influence Biofilm Formation through YjgK (TabA) and Fimbriae

(2008) Y. Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

A small SOS-induced toxin is targeted against the inner membrane in Escherichia coli

(2008) Cecilia Unoson et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY