Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Risa Kashiwagi-Takayama, Junji Kozawa, Yoshiya Hosokawa, Sarasa Kato, Satoshi Kawata, Harutoshi Ozawa, Ryohei Mineo, Chisaki Ishibashi, Megu Y. Y. Baden, Ryuya Iwamoto, Kenji Saisho, Yukari Fujita, Sachiko Tamba, Takuya Sugiyama, Hitoshi Nishizawa, Norikazu Maeda, Koji Yamamoto, Masahiro Higashi, Yuya Yamada, Yasushi Sakata, Yuji Matsuzawa, Iichiro Shimomura
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of myocardial fat accumulation in patients with type 2 diabetes and found that patients with severe myocardial fat accumulation had more severe left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. Therefore, reducing myocardial fat accumulation may be a therapeutic target for patients with type 2 diabetes.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rexiati Ruze, Tiantong Liu, Xi Zou, Jianlu Song, Yuan Chen, Ruiyuan Xu, Xinpeng Yin, Qiang Xu
Summary: The prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing globally due to shared genetic and environmental factors. Obesity amplifies the impact of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors on DM by interfering with metabolic balance and causing insulin resistance. The dysregulation of immunometabolism through low-grade systemic inflammation leads to the loss of functional beta-cells and elevated blood glucose. Treatment approaches for obesity and type 2 DM have interconnected effects, and surgical procedures like bariatric surgery are more effective. More research is needed to improve the efficacy and safety of available and new treatments.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Megan O. O. Bensignor, Aaron S. S. Kelly, Silva Arslanian
Summary: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adolescents is a rapidly progressive disease with higher rates of microvascular complications compared to adults. Anti-obesity medications (AOMs) are recommended as adjuvant therapy for adults with T2DM and overweight/obesity, but their use in adolescents is not clearly mentioned in the updated guidelines. However, there are three FDA-approved AOMs available for chronic use in adolescents with obesity, and more options are being developed. Adding AOMs to diabetes regimen in adults can improve glycemic control, reduce weight, and decrease anti-diabetes medication use.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julia H. Goedecke, Amy E. Mendham
Summary: Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest projected rates of increase in type 2 diabetes, with socioenvironmental and lifestyle factors possibly interacting with genetic factors to alter the pathophysiology. The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in Black Africans is different from that in their European counterparts. However, current understanding of the disease is largely based on studies involving predominantly White European participants. This review summarizes existing knowledge and data on non-pharmacological interventions exploring the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa, while also highlighting factors that may influence its pathogenesis.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Amy S. Shah, Scott Isom, Dana Dabelea, Ralph D'Agostino, Lawrence M. Dolan, Lynne Wagenknecht, Giuseppina Imperatore, Sharon Saydah, Angela D. Liese, Jean M. Lawrence, Cate Pihoker, Elaine M. Urbina
Summary: This study aimed to compare left ventricular structure and diastolic function in young adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and found that individuals with type 2 diabetes had worse LV structure and diastolic function compared to those with type 1 diabetes. Abnormal diastolic function was present in both groups, but more pronounced in those with type 2 diabetes. Various risk factors including older age at diabetes diagnosis, female sex, higher blood pressure, heart rate, HbA1c levels, and longer diabetes duration were associated with worse diastolic function.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhenhua Xing, Chen Long, Xinqun Hu, Xiangping Chai
Summary: This study found that obesity may be associated with improved cognitive function in patients with T2DM, and this effect may be mediated by brain structure.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fida Bacha, Peiyao Cheng, Robin L. Gal, Lindsey C. Beaulieu, Craig Kollman, Anne Adolph, Ashley H. Shoemaker, Risa Wolf, Georgeanna J. Klingensmith, William V. Tamborlane
Summary: The study found that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic youth with type 2 diabetes had worse metabolic control and persistently worse HbA(1c) trajectories compared to non-Hispanic White peers. Comorbidities exist in a large percentage of these youth across racial-ethnic groups, except for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease being less prevalent in non-Hispanic Black youth. Efforts are needed to address racial-ethnic disparities in the diagnosis and management of youth with type 2 diabetes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosanna Capparelli, Domenico Iannelli
Summary: Epigenetic marks the genome through DNA methylation, histone modification, or non-coding RNAs, guiding cells to respond to environmental cues and maintain stable gene expression. Studies have revealed associations between DNA methylation and conditions such as body mass index, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes, highlighting the potential therapeutic value of epigenetic research.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ting Wu, Lianggeng Gong, Chunquan Zhang, Dan Zhang, Xia Li
Summary: The study compared the clinical value of 3D-STE and 2D-STE in assessing subclinical LV systolic dysfunction in diabetic and prediabetic patients with preserved LVEF. The results showed that 3D-STE is a reliable imaging technique for evaluating early damage to LV myocardial mechanics. Increased glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) were identified as independent risk factors for subclinical LV systolic dysfunction.
QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wei Perng, Rebecca Conway, Elizabeth Mayer-Davis, Dana Dabelea
Summary: In this narrative review, the authors provide an overview of the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents, focusing on data from the U.S. and global estimates. They also discuss the clinical course of youth-onset type 2 diabetes, comparing it with type 1 diabetes, and highlight the importance of recognizing type 2 diabetes as a pediatric disease. The review concludes with an overview of emerging topics in type 2 diabetes research that can inform preventive strategies.
Review
Oncology
Tiffany Scully, Abora Ettela, Derek LeRoith, Emily Jane Gallagher
Summary: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both linked to increased cancer risk, with metabolic abnormalities playing a key role in the relationship and progression of cancer. Multiple mechanisms, including insulin signaling, lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as changes in adipose tissue, are proposed to be involved in the association between obesity, diabetes, and cancer.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Belinda Yau, Sheyda Naghiloo, Alexis Diaz-Vegas, Austin V. Carr, Julian Van Gerwen, Elise J. Needham, Dillon Jevon, Sing-Young Chen, Kyle L. Hoehn, Amanda E. Brandon, Laurence Macia, Gregory J. Cooney, Michael R. Shortreed, Lloyd M. Smith, Mark P. Keller, Peter Thorn, Mark Larance, David E. James, Sean J. Humphrey, Melkam A. Kebede
Summary: Pancreatic islets are crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels, with declining function being a characteristic of type 2 diabetes. A detailed proteomic analysis of mouse islets from various genetic or diet-induced models revealed that most proteins are expressed in all strains and diets, but with varying levels due to genetics. Islet mitochondrial function was identified as a major positive indicator of metabolic health across different strains.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ehtasham Ahmad, Soo Lim, Roberta Lamptey, David R. Webb, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: Type 2 diabetes accounts for nearly 90% of global diabetes cases, with an increasing number of affected individuals, particularly among young people. Early detection and proactive management are crucial for preventing complications and reducing mortality. Technology and precision medicine offer potential improvements to treatment outcomes but face significant barriers.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Meng Xiao, Xing Jia, Nifei Wang, Ji Kang, Xinzhong Hu, H. Douglas Goff, Steve W. Cui, Huihuang Ding, Qingbin Guo
Summary: Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) have therapeutic potential in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, more human clinical trials are needed to verify their actual efficacy. This article reviews the mechanisms of NSPs in treating T2DM and highlights the relationship between their structure and anti-T2DM activity.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kimberly P. Newton, Laura A. Wilson, Nancy A. Crimmins, Mark H. Fishbein, Jean P. Molleston, Stavra A. Xanthakos, Cynthia Behling, Jeffrey B. Schwimmer
Summary: The study aimed to determine the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and identify associated risk factors. The results showed a high incidence rate of T2D in children with NAFLD, and being female, having a higher BMI z-score, and more severe liver histology were independent risk factors for T2D development.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amy S. Shah, Laure El Ghormli, Samuel S. Gidding, Kara S. Hughan, Lorraine E. Levitt Katz, Dorit Koren, Jeanie B. Tryggestad, Fida Bacha, Barbara H. Braffett, Silva Arslanian, Elaine M. Urbina
Summary: The study revealed that arterial stiffness and heart rate variability worsened over a 5-year period in young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Poor blood pressure and glycemic control may be potential targets to influence these adverse changes.
ACTA DIABETOLOGICA
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amy S. Shah, Laure El Ghormli, Samuel Gidding, Kara S. Hughan, Lorraine E. Katz, Dorit Koren, Jeanie B. Tryggestad, Fida Bacha, Barbara H. Braffett, Silva A. Arslanian, Elaine M. Urbina
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria J. Redondo, Megan Warnock, Ingrid M. Libman, Laura E. Bocchino, David Cuthbertson, Susan Geyer, Alberto Pugliese, Andrea K. Steck, Carmella Evans-Molina, Dorothy Becker, Jay M. Sosenko, Fida Bacha
Summary: In non-diabetic individuals with autoantibodies, TCF7L2 SNPs were not associated with insulin sensitivity or secretion indices after adjusting for BMI z score, age, sex, and ethnicity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fida Bacha, Peiyao Cheng, Robin L. Gal, Lindsey C. Beaulieu, Craig Kollman, Anne Adolph, Ashley H. Shoemaker, Risa Wolf, Georgeanna J. Klingensmith, William V. Tamborlane
Summary: The study found that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic youth with type 2 diabetes had worse metabolic control and persistently worse HbA(1c) trajectories compared to non-Hispanic White peers. Comorbidities exist in a large percentage of these youth across racial-ethnic groups, except for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease being less prevalent in non-Hispanic Black youth. Efforts are needed to address racial-ethnic disparities in the diagnosis and management of youth with type 2 diabetes.
Editorial Material
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Samuel S. Gidding
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Samuel S. Gidding, Laura A. Colangelo, Chike C. Nwabuo, Cora E. Lewis, David R. Jacobs, Pamela J. Schreiner, Joao A. C. Lima, Norrina B. Allen
Summary: The PDAY risk score based on post-mortem measurements was found to be highly predictive of future ASCVD events in young adults. The presence of coronary artery calcium improved risk prediction only if the score was 0. Cumulative risk exposure and PDAY score at age 18-30 were also significant factors for predicting ASCVD.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nour Y. Gebara, Joon Young Kim, Fida Bacha, SoJung Lee, Silva Arslanian
Summary: The study indicates that metabolic inflexibility is not a feature of obesity itself, but rather a characteristic of youth with MUO, who also exhibit worse fasting fat oxidation, insulin sensitivity, and respiratory quotient compared to youth with MHO.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Urh Groselj, Albert Wiegman, Samuel S. Gidding
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jennette P. Moreno, Kevin M. Hannay, Olivia Walch, Hafza Dadabhoy, Jessica Christian, Maurice Puyau, Abeer El-Mubasher, Fida Bacha, Sarah R. Grant, Rebekah Julie Park, Philip Cheng
Summary: Using a physiologically based mathematical model to predict circadian phase in children is more accurate than using sleep/wake parameters. Sleep/wake behaviors were found to be weak proxies of DLMO phase in children, while mathematical models utilizing wearable data can improve prediction accuracy.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Reem S. Shawar, Maurice Puyau, Roman Shypailo, Salma Musaad, Nancy F. Butte, Fida Bacha
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between adiposity, insulin resistance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and bone mass in Hispanic youth. The findings suggest that adiposity is negatively related to bone mass, and this relationship is partially mediated by insulin resistance, while cardiorespiratory fitness may attenuate it.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Samuel S. Gidding, Robert A. Hegele
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Samuel S. Gidding, Albert Wiegman, Urh Groselj, Tomas Freiberger, Noel Peretti, Kanika Dharmayat, Magdalena Daccord, Nicola Bedlington, Jaka Sikonja, Kausik K. Ray, Raul D. Santos, Martin Halle, Lale Tokgozoglu, Inaki Gutierrez-Ibarluzea, Fausto J. Pinto, Marius Geanta
Summary: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is often overlooked and undertreated in Europe, resulting in increased risk of premature heart disease. Early treatment is effective in preventing heart disease and cost-effective. The European Commission Public Health Best Practice Portal recognizes FH screening as an effective strategy. Model programs in Europe employ cascade screening, universal screening, opportunistic screening, or a combination of these approaches to identify young individuals with FH. Recommendations to improve FH identification emphasize the need for screening programs in every country, adapted to fit the healthcare system, with financial support from governments and further research for optimization.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Vinithra Varadarajan, Samuel S. Gidding, Colin Wu, J. Jeffrey Carr, Joao A. C. Lima
Summary: The increasing prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, along with worsening environmental factors, has led to a growing burden of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Noninvasive imaging techniques, including vascular ultrasound, echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging, play a significant role in identifying early cardiovascular disease phenotypes. This article reviews the various imaging modalities used for the evaluation, characterization, and quantification of early subclinical cardiovascular diseases.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Alexander S. F. Berry, Laney K. Jones, Eric J. Sijbrands, Samuel S. Gidding, Matthew T. Oetjens
Summary: This study found that genetic subtyping based on monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia and Lp(a) provides better stratification of 10-year incident CAD risk than LDL-C-based stratification in individuals with severe hypercholesterolemia.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Samuel S. Gidding, H. Lester Kirchner, Andrew Brangan, William Howard, Melissa A. Kelly, Kelly D. Myers, Kelly M. Morgan, Matthew T. Oetjens, Timothy C. Shuey, David Staszak, Natasha T. Strande, Nicole L. Walters, Kristen D. D. Yu, Katherine A. Wilemon, Marc S. Williams, Amy C. Sturm, Laney K. Jones
Summary: This study aimed to identify patients suspected of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) using data mining of electronic health records. However, the absence of both phenotypic and genomic data in the same cohort limited the study.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
