Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Ivan Milenkovic, Gregor Kasprian, Gerald Wiest
Summary: The main cerebellar structures involved in ocular motor control include the flocculus, paraflocculus, nodulus, uvula, OMV, and FOR. While the flocculus and paraflocculus play a critical role in smooth pursuit and gaze holding, the vestibulocerebellar centers, OMV, and FOR are exclusively responsible for the control of smooth pursuit and saccades.
Review
Neurosciences
Rony Hirschhorn, Ofer Kahane, Inbal Gur-Arie, Nathan Faivre, Liad Mudrik
Summary: Research has shown the importance of consciousness in information integration, but empirical evidence also suggests that integration can occur without consciousness. The windows of integration hypothesis suggests that conscious access can expand the integration window for signal processing, while also recognizing limitations in terms of time, space, and semantic distance.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Saad Idrees, Matthias-Philipp Baumann, Maria M. Korympidou, Timm Schubert, Alexandra Kling, Katrin Franke, Ziad M. Hafed, Felix Franke, Thomas A. Muench
Summary: Visual perception remains stable across saccades because of the reduction in visual sensitivity known as saccadic suppression. This suppression is achieved through three independent mechanisms in the retina.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Samso Chota, Phillipe Marque, Rufin VanRullen
Summary: Recent advances in neuroscience have challenged the notion of conscious visual perception as a continuous process, suggesting that oscillatory brain activity may play a role in influencing behavioral performance and visual illusions within the visual system. By investigating the causal relationship between occipital alpha oscillations and Temporal Order Judgements using neural entrainment via rhythmic TMS, the study demonstrates that the phase of entrained oscillations can both facilitate and hinder temporal order perception of visual stimuli. The findings support the idea that visual processing is discrete rather than continuous, and can be modulated by cortical rhythms, providing causal evidence for endogenous periodic modulation of time perception through TMS.
Article
Neurosciences
Milena Slavcheva Mihaylova, Nadejda Bogdanova Bocheva, Tsvetalin Totev Totev, Svetla Nikolaeva Staykova
Summary: Studies comparing contour integration abilities in ASD and typically developing individuals have yielded contradictory results. This study found that individuals with ASD showed less accuracy and slower responses compared to controls, with detection performance being affected by external noise levels. Eye-tracking data showed larger gaze allocation areas in the ASD group, indicating potential positional uncertainty and difficulties in maintaining contour information from previous presentations in ASD.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Camille Metais, Judith Nicolas, Moussa Diarra, Alexis Cheviet, Eric Koun, Denis Pelisson
Summary: Previous studies have shown that the neural substrate for adaptation of saccadic eye movements involves the cerebellum and several cortical areas. This study aimed to understand the differences between forward and backward adaptation of saccades and their error processing and oculomotor changes. The results showed activation in specific cortical and subcortical areas related to adaptation and error signal processing, and revealed the involvement of the occipital cortex and MT/MST in the direction of adaptation. Overall, this study provides further evidence of the role of the cerebral cortex in saccadic adaptation and contributes to our understanding of oculomotor plasticity and its relationship with spatial cognition.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
F. S. Mousavinejad, M. Fatehi Nia
Summary: This study models the saccadic eye movements using mathematical dynamical models and introduces alternative functions to represent the response of bursters to error signals more effectively. The modified saccadic model's dynamical behavior is also investigated, and the stability, instability, and existence or lack of bifurcation are evaluated. Simulation results show that the main factors of the model, such as the burst neurons and motor error, exhibit different changes in the phase portrait and time series.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Frauke Heins, Markus Lappe
Summary: This study explores the plasticity of saccadic eye movements and their impact on perceived location. The findings suggest that changes in perceived location may still occur even when saccade amplitude remains unchanged.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Serena Castellotti, Martin Szinte, Maria Michela Del Viva, Anna Montagnini
Summary: The path of saccades is influenced by visual distractors, causing them to curve away or towards the distractors. Optimal spatial visual features invoked a more pronounced saccadic curvature compared to non-optimal features. The interference of model-predicted information optimal features suggests that the visuo-oculomotor system rapidly processes optimally informative features during visually guided eye movements.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Joris A. Elshout, Tanja C. W. Nijboer, Stefan Van der Stigchel
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the pre-saccadic shift of attention in neglect patients and found an imbalance in discrimination performance between the two hemifields, suggesting that attention and eye movements are both unique impairments of neglect patients. The impaired pre-saccadic shift of attention may be a key issue in neglect and could underlie other spatial and non-spatial deficits commonly reported in neglect patients.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Christoph Huber-Huber, Julia Steininger, Markus Gruener, Ulrich Ansorge
Summary: The study found that there is a pre-saccadic shift of attention, but this shift does not lead to the advantage of discrimination at the same position. The relationship between saccadic eye movements and discrimination target position only affects the EEG signal after saccade onset.
Article
Ophthalmology
Peter de Lissa, Nayla Sokhn, Sasha Lasrado, Kanji Tanaka, Katsumi Watanabe, Roberto Caldara
Summary: The study shows that people are able to categorize faces of different races very rapidly outside of central vision, with a speed advantage appearing as quickly as 200 ms. The speed of race categorization is significantly boosted only by rapid eye movements, rather than button presses, in the extrafoveal visual field.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Domenica Zaino, Valeria Serchi, Fabio Giannini, Barbara Pucci, Giacomo Veneri, Elena Pretegiani, Francesca Rosini, Lucia Monti, Alessandra Rufa
Summary: This study compared eye movements and visual search behaviors between spinal ALS and bulbar ALS patients, revealing distinct features. The findings suggest early involvement of the parieto-collicular-cerebellar network in spinal ALS and the fronto-brainstem circuit in bulbar ALS.
Article
Neurosciences
Philipp Kreyenmeier, Anna Schroeger, Rouwen Canal-Bruland, Markus Raab, Miriam Spering
Summary: This study investigates how visual and auditory signals are integrated to guide human interception movements. The results show that auditory signals can bias target speed estimation and interception direction, especially when visual information is limited. These findings suggest an early integration of audiovisual information in the neural system.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Isaac Hempstead Wright, Akila Sekar, Marte Theilmann Jensen, Megan Hodgson, Matthew J. Bancroft, Nehzat Koohi, Andrew J. Lees, Huw R. Morris, Diego Kaski
Summary: This study compared the parameters of eye movements in healthy individuals and PSP patients, and found that volitional eye movements were slower and less accurate than reflexive eye movements. In PSP patients, accuracy was lower compared to age-matched controls. The velocity and accuracy of saccades in PSP did not decrease over one-minute timescales, which may serve as a potential clinical biomarker for distinguishing PSP from PD.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Mikael Lundqvist, Andreas Wutz
Summary: Traditional analysis methods interpret cognitive processes as stationary states, but new research suggests that cognitive processes unfold in discrete time windows and exist in bursts of discrete activity at different frequencies and times.
Article
Neurosciences
Quirin Gehmacher, Patrick Reisinger, Thomas Hartmann, Thomas Keintzel, Sebastian Rosch, Konrad Schwarz, Nathan Weisz
Summary: This study found that the auditory nerve in cochlear implant users is sensitive to selective attention, and the relevant neural activity can be decoded from single-trial data. These findings have important implications for the future development of cochlear implant technology and closed-loop systems.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Correction
Behavioral Sciences
Nina Suess, Thomas Hartmann, Nathan Weisz
Article
Neurosciences
Anusha Mohan, Alison Luckey, Nathan Weisz, Sven Vanneste
Summary: Tinnitus may result from predictive coding issues, with patients potentially being more sensitive to auditory stimuli unrelated to tinnitus characteristics. In individuals with minimal or no hearing loss, a more top-down subtype of tinnitus driven by maladaptive changes in the auditory predictive coding network may exist. Empirical evidence suggests the presence of maladaptive changes in hierarchical predictive coding network in a subgroup of tinnitus patients with minimal to no hearing loss.
Article
Neurosciences
Tzvetan Popov, Bart Gips, Nathan Weisz, Ole Jensen
Summary: This study demonstrates the similarity in mechanisms between visual and auditory spatial attention in the brain, using alpha power modulation for top-down suppression of distractors and its close relationship with oculomotor action.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliane Schubert, Fabian Schmidt, Quirin Gehmacher, Annika Bresgen, Nathan Weisz
Summary: Listening is a process in which the brain forms internal models to integrate auditory information using bottom-up and top-down processes. Individual prediction tendencies contribute to experiential differences in everyday listening situations and shape the processing of acoustic input. In this study, we measured auditory prediction tendency using tone sequences and found that it can predict cortical speech tracking. We also observed interactions between prediction tendency and background noise as well as word surprisal in different brain regions.
Article
Neurosciences
Moritz Herbert Albrecht Koehler, Nathan Weisz
Summary: This study provides evidence that attention can modulate the rhythmic activity of the auditory system by influencing the functioning of sensory receptors. It was found that intermodal and interaural attention have different effects on auditory processing, with intermodal attention modulating activity level and interaural attention modulating timing.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ya-Ping Chen, Fabian Schmidt, Anne Keitel, Sebastian Roesch, Anne Hauswald, Nathan Weisz
Summary: Neural speech tracking and coherence spectra analysis were used to investigate the temporal dynamics of degraded speech understanding; Results showed that different time intervals of temporal response functions (TRFs) had differential effects on speech intelligibility, with early peak responses increasing and late responses decreasing as intelligibility reduced; This study contributes to a better understanding of how the brain processes degraded speech.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Fabian Schmidt, Ya-Ping Chen, Anne Keitel, Sebastian Roesch, Ronny Hannemann, Maja Serman, Anne Hauswald, Nathan Weisz
Summary: The most prominent acoustic feature in speech is intensity modulation, which is represented by the amplitude envelope of speech. Neural activity synchronizes with these modulations to support speech comprehension. However, investigations often fail to distinguish between lower-level acoustic (envelope modulation) and higher-level linguistic (syllable rate) information in neural speech tracking studies. Our study manipulated speech intelligibility using noise-vocoded speech and examined the spectral dynamics of neural speech processing at cortical and subcortical levels. The results showed that cortical regions predominantly track the syllable rate, while subcortical regions track the acoustic envelope. Furthermore, as speech intelligibility decreases, tracking of the modulation rate becomes more dominant. The study emphasizes the significance of distinguishing between envelope modulation and syllable rate and offers new possibilities for understanding differences between auditory processing and speech/language processing disorders.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Annekathrin Weise, Thomas Hartmann, Fabrice Parmentier, Nathan Weisz, Philipp Ruhnau
Summary: The study found that the sudden siren of an ambulance can interfere with people's attention and performance. The experiment showed that when the target and the distracting sound occurred on the same side, individuals responded faster, indicating a spatial shift of attention. The results of the brainwave data also supported this finding, suggesting that spatial attention bias influences the impact of distracting sounds.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lisa Reisinger, Fabian Schmidt, Kaja Benz, Lorenzo Vignali, Sebastian Roesch, Martin Kronbichler, Nathan Weisz
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether aging is a risk factor for tinnitus. The results showed that aging itself is a significant predictor of tinnitus, and age-related hearing loss is also associated with tinnitus.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Alessia Santoni, David Melcher, Laura Franchin, Luca Ronconi
Summary: Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects reading ability. This study examined the efficiency of temporal segregation and integration of visual information in DD using event-related potentials (ERPs). The results showed a selective segregation deficit in dyslexia, despite unaffected integration performance. DD individuals also exhibited reduced attentional resources allocation and abnormal working memory capacity. These findings provide new evidence for the neural correlates of decreased visual temporal resolution in DD.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Juliane Schubert, Nina Suess, Nathan Weisz
Summary: Predictive processing theories describe the brain as a prediction machine and explain various cognitive functions. It is known that abnormal prediction tendencies are important for psychiatric disorders. In this study, we quantified the generalization of individual prediction tendencies across modalities and found that the tendency to anticipate sensory features of high probability does not correlate between auditory and visual modalities. Our findings challenge the assumption of a unified trait for prediction tendency.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Barbara Ladisich, Stefan Rampp, Eugen Trinka, Nathan Weisz, Christoph Schwartz, Theo Kraus, Camillo Sherif, Franz Marhold, Gianpaolo Demarchi
Summary: By analyzing the network topology of neurooncological patients, it was found that the network topology in brain tumor patients is altered, but there is no consensus on the pattern of these changes and evidence on potential drivers is lacking.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Lisa Reisinger, Gianpaolo Demarchi, Nathan Weisz
Summary: This review introduces the underlying causes and altered neural activity of tinnitus in different brain regions, and discusses the methods and limitations of using MEG for tinnitus research. The authors suggest novel approaches and frameworks to gain a more comprehensive understanding of tinnitus and its underlying processes.
JARO-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2023)