Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Oscar J. Tejeda, Woo K. Kim
Summary: Dietary fiber, a component of plant feedstuffs, has diverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. It can be classified into insoluble and soluble types, each with direct nutritional implications for broiler diets. Insoluble fiber modulates intestinal morphology, organ development, nutrient absorption, growth performance, and microbiota, while soluble fiber may increase intestinal viscosity and impact microbiota and nutrient absorption negatively. Certain soluble fibers, such as oligosaccharides, act as prebiotics and positively influence intestinal microbiota.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Muzi Ginindza, Khanyisile R. Mbatha, Jones Ng'ambi
Summary: Controlling crude fiber levels in chicken diets is crucial for enhancing productivity. The study focused on Ross 308 broiler and indigenous Venda chickens to determine the optimal levels of dietary crude fiber for improving production performance.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jiayu Ma, Jian Wang, Shad Mahfuz, Shenfei Long, Di Wu, Jie Gao, Xiangshu Piao
Summary: The study found that mixed organic acids can improve the growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acid profile, which suggests it can be an effective measure to prevent meat quality decline in chicken meat.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Youli Wang, Yuqin Wu, Jing Chen, Xiaorui Guo, Lei Yan, Yuming Guo, Bo Wang, Jianmin Yuan
Summary: This study found that food withdrawal can increase nutrient absorption in poultry, especially for amino acids and ether extract, leading to increased metabolizable energy (ME). Food withdrawal changes the way energy is supplied, particularly after refeeding. Short-term food withdrawal promotes improvements in intestinal structure, while prolonged withdrawal can impair villus structure.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Cheng Zhang, Erying Hao, Xiangyu Chen, Chenxuan Huang, Gengyun Liu, Hui Chen, Dehe Wang, Lei Shi, Fengling Xuan, Dongmei Chang, Yifan Chen
Summary: Dietary fiber is important for the development of digestive organs and improved performance in poultry. Determining the optimal fiber requirements is practical and significant. A diet with 7-9% crude fiber may promote growth and improve nutrient digestibility, immunity, and intestinal morphology in broilers from day 22 to 42.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jianmin Zhou, Shugeng Wu, Guanghai Qi, Yu Fu, Weiwei Wang, Haijun Zhang, Jing Wang
Summary: The study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of XOS improved performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology in laying hens by modulating bacterial diversity and composition of gut microbiota.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Elham A. Soumeh, Astrid Del Rocio Coba Cedeno, Shahram Niknafs, Jacoba Bromfield, Louwrens C. Hoffman
Summary: Antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) have been widely used in the animal production industry, leading to the transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans. Efficiently raising broiler chickens without antibiotics is a challenge, with probiotics showing potential as an effective nutritional alternative. Probiotics, especially when added to water, may improve production performance and reduce resistant bacteria in broiler chickens.
Article
Microbiology
Hui Diao, Jiayou Yan, Shuwei Li, Shengyao Kuang, Xiaolan Wei, Mengjia Zhou, Jinxiu Zhang, Chongbo Huang, Peng He, Wenjie Tang
Summary: The study showed that dietary supplementation with 100mg/kg of zinc sulfate, glycine zinc, or zinc lactate could improve the growth performance and gut barrier function of weaned piglets. Organic zinc supplementation, particularly zinc lactate, had the best effect.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anastasiya S. Zaikina, Nikolai P. Buryakov, Maria A. Buryakova, Artem Yu. Zagarin, Artem A. Razhev, Dmitrii E. Aleshin
Summary: The widespread use of antibiotics has led to the growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, posing a threat to human health. To address this, the effects of plant feed additives on the quality of poultry products were studied. The results showed that sweet chestnut wood extract, as a feed additive, improved the digestibility and growth rate of broiler chickens.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Min-Jin Kwak, Min-Young Park, Yong-Soon Choi, Junghwan Cho, Duleepa Pathiraja, Jonggun Kim, Hanbae Lee, In-Geol Choi, Kwang-Youn Whang
Summary: The experiment demonstrated that dietary supplementation of SPL significantly enhanced bird growth, improved feed efficiency, increased beneficial bacterial population, elevated butyrate concentration, strengthened gut barrier function, and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Shyam Sundar Paul, Savaram Venkata Rama Rao, Nagendra Hegde, Nicola J. Williams, Rudra Nath Chatterjee, Mantena Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha Raju, Godumagadda Narender Reddy, Vikas Kumar, Prakki Santosh Phani Kumar, Sathi Mallick, Madhuranjana Gargi
Summary: Studies have shown that the use of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in broiler production does not significantly affect productivity and feed efficiency, but it can affect the selection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). AGPs do not have a significant impact on gut bacterial community structure, but can reduce the population density of certain potential pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the use of AGPs and monitor the spread of ARGs in broiler chicken production.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Samiru Sudharaka Wickramasuriya, Shemil Priyan Macelline, Hyun Min Cho, Jun Seon Hong, Rob Patterson, Jung Min Heo
Summary: The study demonstrates that supplementing Multi-Carbohydrase into nutrient-deficient diets can improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens, while maintaining a healthier gut morphology.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hyunjin Kyoung, Jeong Jae Lee, Jin Ho Cho, Jeehwan Choe, Joowon Kang, Hanbae Lee, Yanhong Liu, Younghoon Kim, Hyeun Bum Kim, Minho Song
Summary: Dietary glutamic acid can influence the growth performance and health of weaned pigs by modulating nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, ileal gene expression of tight junction proteins and cytokines, immune responses, and microbial community in the gut.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hong T. Nguyen, Michael R. Bedford, Shu-Biao Wu, Natalie K. Morgan
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharides (sNSP) on performance and nutrient utilisation in broilers. The results showed that sNSP level and composition influenced bird performance and nutrient digestibility.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jacoba Madigan-Stretton, Deirdre Mikkelsen, Elham Assadi Soumeh
Summary: Optimizing gut health through super-dosing multienzymes in broilers can improve nutrient digestibility, maintain a diverse microbial population, and enhance overall villi morphology. Unique bacteria were found to be associated with super-dosing multienzymes, while bone mineralization was not affected. Super-dosing feed enzymes, particularly at a rate of 700 g/t, is recommended to improve gut morphology, nutrient digestibility, and promote unique microbes for feed efficiency.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. Wang, C. Wu, F. Kong, W. K. Kim
Summary: The study found that adding 5% almond hulls showed the best effect on broiler body weight gain at 19 days, and it can also reduce body fat content. Increasing the almond hull inclusion level has some impact on the relative intestine weight and liver antioxidant capacity of broilers, but does not have negative effects on growth performance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. Wang, A. K. Singh, F. Kong, W. K. Kim
Summary: This study evaluated the use of two types of almond hulls as alternative feed ingredients for broilers. The findings suggest that prime hulls can be included up to 9% without negative effects on body weight gain, while California-type hulls can be used up to 6%. Further research is needed to explore the impact on microbial diversity.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yuguo H. Tompkins, Shengchen Su, Sandra G. Velleman, Woo Kyun Kim
Summary: Research has shown that a lower concentration of 20S does not affect myogenesis in chicken muscle cells, but a high concentration of 1.0 mmol 20S may negatively impact proliferation and differentiation in chicken satellite cells.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
O. J. Tejeda, K. J. Meloche, J. D. Starkey
Summary: The study found that small temperature variations due to incubator tray location did not significantly affect the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens posthatch. However, there were some differences in weight and yield of specific parts of the broilers based on tray location, with males generally having heavier weights and being more affected by meat quality defects compared to females.
Article
Physiology
Chongxiao Chen, Roshan Adhikari, Dima Lynn White, Woo Kyun Kim
Summary: The study found that 1,25OHD has a time-dependent effect on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in chicken mesenchymal stem cells, inhibiting differentiation and mineralization during the early stage (24 and 48 h) and stimulating during the late stage (3 and 7 days). Staining results showed that 1,25OHD inhibits ALP enzyme activities and mineralization in a dosage-dependent manner up to 14 days, with no difference between treatments at 21 days.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Chongxiao Chen, Dima Lynn White, Brett Marshall, Woo Kyun Kim
Summary: The study indicated that injections of 25OHD and 1,25OHD induced chicken embryo osteogenesis and adipogenesis, but inhibited myogenesis during early development. Higher dosage of 25OHD showed a possibility of longer retention time in the embryos.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Masayoshi Yamada, Chongxiao Chen, Toshie Sugiyama, Woo Kyun Kim
Summary: Egg-laying hens supply calcium to their eggshells through dynamic bone remodeling, but as they age, an imbalance in this process leads to weaker and more brittle bones, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Age-related osteoporosis might be linked to low estrogen levels and stimulation of bone resorption by parathyroid hormone. Differences in bone structure between age groups were observed, with younger hens having higher bone volume and density compared to older hens.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jinquan Wang, Shengchen Su, Chasity Pender, Raj Murugesan, Basharat Syed, Woo Kyun Kim
Summary: In this study, a phytogenic feed additive blend was evaluated for its effect on broiler performance and immune response. Results showed that supplementation of the phytogenic feed additive improved feed conversion ratio and regulated immune responses in the ileum of broilers.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Oscar J. Tejeda, Woo K. Kim
Summary: Dietary fiber, a component of plant feedstuffs, has diverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. It can be classified into insoluble and soluble types, each with direct nutritional implications for broiler diets. Insoluble fiber modulates intestinal morphology, organ development, nutrient absorption, growth performance, and microbiota, while soluble fiber may increase intestinal viscosity and impact microbiota and nutrient absorption negatively. Certain soluble fibers, such as oligosaccharides, act as prebiotics and positively influence intestinal microbiota.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Po-Yun Teng, Woo Kyun Kim
Summary: Nitrocompounds have the capability of inhibiting pathogens, parasites, methane, and ammonia production, but their overdose may cause toxic effects. The application of these compounds in animal diets has both advantages and disadvantages.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Janghan Choi, Yuguo Huo Tompkins, Po-Yun Teng, Robert M. Gogal, Woo Kyun Kim
Summary: The supplementation of tannic acid (TA) at levels of 500 to 2750 mg/kg showed potential as an anti-coccidial agent by reducing oocyst shedding and improving gut permeability and nutrient digestibility in broilers infected with E. maxima, while supplementation of 5000 mg/kg TA had adverse effects.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Adeleye M. Ajao, Dima White, Woo K. Kim, Oluyinka A. Olukosi
Summary: Reducing dietary protein and replacing soybean meal with canola meal (CM) or corn distillers dried grain with solubles (cDDGS) in low-protein diets negatively affected broiler performance. Supplemental amino acids in low-protein diets with CM and cDDGS at certain inclusion levels resulted in similar growth responses as diets with soybean meal (SBM). Total replacement of SBM with cDDGS or CM in low-protein diets was not feasible for optimum broiler performance.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Janghan Choi, Amit Kumar Singh, Xi Chen, Jirong Lv, Woo Kyun Kim
Summary: Finding alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) is crucial after their restriction in the broiler industry. Organic acids (OAs) and essential oils (EOs) have been considered promising alternatives, as they have strong antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. This study evaluated the effects of OAs, EOs, and their combinations as AGP alternatives in broiler chickens and found that OAs improved feed efficiency in the finisher phase, while EOs improved feed efficiency in the starter phase. Consequently, the supplementation of EOs and OAs could potentially replace AGP in different phases of broiler production.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hanyi Shi, Jinquan Wang, Dima White, Oscar Jonathan Tejeda Martinez, Woo Kyun Kim
Summary: The experiment evaluated the effects of phytase and coccidial vaccine on broilers' growth performance, bone health, and nutrient digestibility. The results showed that the supplementation of phytase and coccidial vaccine improved the birds' growth performance, bone mineralization, and nutrient digestibility, with phytase having a more pronounced effect.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jesper Tessin, Judith Rohde, Arne Jung, Nicole Kemper, Jochen Schulz
Summary: In this study, samples from poultry house environment and culled birds were collected, and E. cecorum was successfully isolated. The principle of isolating the pathogen by streaking on a chromogenic agar may motivate researchers to investigate transmission routes and optimize biosecurity measures.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Junqin Zhang, Zimin Xie, Yanlin Pan, Zuoxin Chen, Yunzhen Huang, Linlin Li, Jiawen Dong, Yong Xiang, Qi Zhai, Minhua Sun, Xingying Li, Shujian Huang, Ming Liao
Summary: In recent years, there has been an increase in the occurrence of fowl adenovirus 2 (FAdV-2) in China, posing a significant threat to the poultry industry. This study investigated the epidemiology, phylogenetic relationship, genomic characteristics, and pathogenicity of FAdV-2. The results showed that FAdV-2 was the most commonly detected serotype among various FAdV serotypes. Genetic analysis revealed that these FAdV-2 strains formed a distinct branch within the FAdV-D group and had a high nucleotide similarity with reference strains. Recombination analysis identified recombination events between FAdV-2 and FAdV-11 in some strains. Pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that a recombinant FAdV-2 strain caused a high mortality rate and more severe disease in chickens. These findings contribute to our understanding of FAdV-2 and provide a basis for vaccine development.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ebtsam Iraqi, Ali Abdel Hady, Nadia Elsayed, Hanaa Khalil, Amina El-Saadany, Karim El-Sabrout
Summary: Thermal manipulation during egg incubation, particularly at 12 to 18 days, has positive effects on embryonic development, hatching characteristics, chick quality, as well as posthatch thermotolerance and performance.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yong Liu, Mingxin Song, He Bai, Chunhua Wang, Fei Wang, Qi Yuan
Summary: Dietary curcumin supplementation can significantly improve egg quality of quails in the late laying period, primarily by improving lipid metabolism and selectively regulating the intestinal microbial community.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lei Zhang, Zhixuan Song, Peiyao Li, Xingju Song, Xinming Tang, Dandan Hu
Summary: This study evaluated the vaccine potential of recombinant proteins for avian coccidiosis caused by Eimeria. The results showed that the rEten5-B protein can trigger immune protection against E. tenella and may be a potential and effective subunit vaccine for the control of coccidiosis in poultry.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Milan Kumar Sharma, Amit Kumar Singh, Doyun Goo, Venkata Sesha Reddy Choppa, Hanseo Ko, Hanyi Shi, Woo Kyun Kim
Summary: The study investigates the effect of Eimeria infection on gastrointestinal physiology, growth performance, and egg production of Hy-Line W-36 laying hens during peak production. Results show that Eimeria infection negatively affects body weight, feed intake, immune response, and nutrient transporter gene expression. Egg production temporarily ceases in hens infected with high and medium-high dosages of Eimeria.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Elwy A. Ashour, Mahmoud Kamal, Hayman A. A. Altaie, Ayman A. Swelum, Gamaleldin M. Suliman, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of CP and ME on the performance and nutritional value of Japanese quail lay chicken. The results showed that protein and energy levels significantly influenced all productive outcomes except feed conversion ratio. The combination of dietary energy and protein levels had a substantial effect on all egg quality trials evaluated. It is recommended to feed layer Japanese quail between the ages of 8 and 20 weeks during the summer with a dietary energy content of 2,900 kcal ME/kg and 20% CP.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. E. Doornweerd, R. F. Veerkamp, B. de Klerk, M. van der Sluis, A. C. Bouwman, E. D. Ellen, G. Kootstra
Summary: Tracking group-housed individual broilers using video can provide valuable information on their health, welfare, and performance. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis on broiler tracking on video and potential tracking errors, highlighting the potential and challenges of phenotyping broiler locomotion. The results emphasized the importance of addressing tracking errors, potential algorithm improvements, and the need for an external animal identification system for efficient locomotion phenotyping.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jiayu Wu, Yanan Wang, Yu An, Changyu Tian, Lingfeng Wang, Zuhong Liu, Desheng Qi
Summary: This study compared the gene expression differences in liver tissues of laying hens at different ages using RNA sequencing, and found that the transport and metabolism of amino acids changed during the growing period, which influenced the growth and development of the hens.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. Raabe, G. Raveendran, W. Otten, K. Homeyer, T. Bartels
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different flicker frequencies on the behavior, performance, and stress response in male turkeys. The results showed that flicker frequencies of 165 Hz or higher had no detrimental effect on growth performance, injurious pecking, or endocrine stress response in the turkeys.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Adamu Mani Isa, Yanyan Sun, Yuanmei Wang, Yunlei Li, Jingwei Yuan, Aixin Ni, Hui Ma, Lei Shi, Hailai Hagos Tesfay, Yunhe Zong, Panlin Wang, Pingzhuang Ge, Jilan Chen
Summary: This study sequenced mRNAs and lncRNAs in the ovary stroma of specific chicken breeds and their reciprocal crossbreds to understand the molecular mechanism of heterosis for egg production. Results showed that genes with nonadditive expression were related to follicle growth and atresia as well as oxidative stress in the crossbred hens.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zhepeng Wang, Qiu Chen, Yiwei Wang, Yulu Wang, Ruifang Liu
Summary: The study investigates the functional variants associated with chicken eggshell color in the SLCO1B3 gene by measuring the eggshell color of Lueyang black-boned chickens and analyzing the genetic data. It identifies 15 variants in SLCO1B3 that are significantly associated with eggshell color. However, the functional analysis shows that one specific variant, 1B3_SNP108, does not have a significant effect on promoter activity. This study highlights the importance of SLCO1B3 and its variants in breeding eggshell color.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
P. Yin, Q. Tong, B. M. Li, W. C. Zheng, Y. Wang, H. Q. Peng, X. L. Xue, S. Q. Wei
Summary: This study investigated the welfare and health of laying hens in a multitier system. The results showed that the spatial distribution of hens changed with increasing age, and lower-ranking hens preferred to stay in lower tiers to avoid competition but still had access to resources. This improved the welfare and health of the hens near the end of the laying cycle.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Wenwen Liang, Siqiong Jie, Yiqin Wang, Xiaowei Wen, Yanling Xiong, Xiaoxi Lin, Zhengrong Lv
Summary: This study examined the effect of risk perceptions on preventive behavior among vendors in the live poultry wholesale market and the live poultry retail market in Guangdong Province using the health belief model and structural equation modeling. The results showed that perceived severity and perceived benefits positively influenced vendors' self-efficacy in the wholesale market, while perceived barriers negatively affected self-efficacy in both the wholesale and retail markets. Moreover, cues to action mediated the relationship between perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy, and also mediated the effect of perceived susceptibility among wholesale market vendors.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Shreeya Sharma, Raveendra R. Kulkarni, Shayan Sharif, Hosni Hassan, Mohammadali Alizadeh, Scott Pratt, Khaled Abdelaziz
Summary: The study investigates the impact of exposing chick embryos to antigens via in ovo delivery of poultry-specific lactobacilli on the expression of genes associated with early bursal development and maturation. Results indicate that the supplementation of poultry-specific lactobacilli to chick embryos can accelerate the development and immunological maturation of the bursa of Fabricius.