Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Britney Niemann, Amanda Puleo, Conley Stout, Justin Markel, Brian A. Boone
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the detailed mechanisms of action of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and their clinical applications in various disease areas. Previous research has focused on specific pathways without considering the overall context, while this review offers a broader perspective and identifies common themes in the literature.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Deba Prasad Dhibar, Navneet Arora, Deepak Chaudhary, Ajay Prakash, Bikash Medhi, Neeraj Singla, Ritin Mohindra, Vikas Suri, Ashish Bhalla, Navneet Sharma, Mini P. Singh, P. V. M. Lakshmi, Kapil Goyal, Arnab Ghosh
Summary: In this clinical trial, the efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as post-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 prevention was investigated. The study found that there was no significant difference in the incidence of COVID-19 between the PEP/HCQ group and the control group.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yao Chen, Mei-Xiu Li, Guo-Dong Lu, Han-Ming Shen, Jing Zhou
Summary: There is currently no consistent evidence to support the therapeutic value of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) in the treatment of COVID-19, and further research is needed to draw definitive conclusions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fernando de Sa Del Fiol, Cristiane de Cassia Bergamaschi, Isaltino Pereira De Andrade Jr, Luciane Cruz Lopes, Marcus Tolentino Silva, Silvio Barberato-Filho
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in antibiotic consumption patterns in Brazil, with an increase in the use of azithromycin and a decrease in the use of amoxicillin and cefalexin.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohammad Bahadoram, Bijan Keikhaei, Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni, Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
Summary: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are aminoquinoline drugs that have shown antagonistic activity against COVID-19 in laboratory conditions, possibly by inhibiting the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Inflammasomes play a key role in diseases associated with destructive inflammation, with the NLRP3 inflammasome being important in the pathogenesis of viral diseases.
NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Tzu-Chuan Ho, Yung-Hsuan Wang, Yi-Ling Chen, Wan-Chi Tsai, Che-Hsin Lee, Kuo-Pin Chuang, Yi-Ming Arthur Chen, Cheng-Hui Yuan, Sheng-Yow Ho, Ming-Hui Yang, Yu-Chang Tyan
Summary: The systematic review found that chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) do not show efficacy in treating severe COVID-19 patients, and may cause serious adverse reactions, particularly during treatment of severe cases.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elangovan Manivannan, Chandrabose Karthikeyan, N. S. Hari Narayana Moorthy, Subash Chandra Chaturvedi
Summary: The rapid spread and high mortality rate of COVID-19 have posed a global public health challenge. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were initially considered for the treatment of COVID-19, but their authorization was later revoked by FDA and WHO, emphasizing the need for evidence-based treatment protocols to address the pandemic.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Narasimha M. Beeraka, SubbaRao Tulimilli, Mandya Greeshma, Siva Dallavalasa, Yaowen Zhang, Wenjing Xiao, Ruitai Fan, Di Zhao, Anjali D. S. Bettadapura, Suma M. Nataraj, SubbaRao Madhunapantula, Junqi Liu
Summary: The impact of COVID-19 on the geriatric population is significant, with controversies surrounding the use of aminoquinoline therapy. The development of vaccines is crucial for combating the pandemic.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Amin Gasmi, Massimiliano Peana, Sadaf Noor, Roman Lysiuk, Alain Menzel, Asma Gasmi Benahmed, Geir Bjorklund
Summary: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are considered promising agents against the new coronavirus, with antiviral effects demonstrated in vitro. These drugs can reduce immune reactions, inhibit inflammation, and potentially treat viral infections and related ailments. Studies are ongoing to determine their efficacy and safety in treating COVID-19.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bianza Moise Bakadia, Feng He, Tiatou Souho, Lallepak Lamboni, Muhammad Wajid Ullah, Biaou Ode Boni, Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed, Biampata Mutu Mukole, Guang Yang
Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred discussions on various treatment and prevention methods, with some showing potential effects but also facing controversies. The focus is on finding effective solutions for sustainable pandemic control.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Gaurav Joshi, Shikha Thakur, Mayank, Ramarao Poduri
Summary: This review presents the roles of chloroquine and its derivative hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of Covid-19, discussing their uses in different stages along with relevant pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics parameters. It also critically analyzes the reported opinions on the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in Covid-19 treatment and suggests the need for more studies to optimize dosing regimens and pharmacokinetic assessments.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alvaro Rea-Neto, Rafaella Stradiotto Bernardelli, Bruna Martins Dzivielevski Camara, Fernanda Baeumle Reese, Marcos Vinicius Oliveira Queiroga, Mirella Cristine Oliveira
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating severe COVID-19 patients, but was stopped early due to harmful effects. Patients receiving these drugs in addition to standard care had worse clinical outcomes, increased risk of renal dysfunction, and higher need for invasive mechanical ventilation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kimberley Lewis, Dipayan Chaudhuri, Fayez Alshamsi, Laiya Carayannopoulos, Karin Dearness, Zain Chagla, Waleed Alhazzani
Summary: The use of hydroxychloroquine as a prophylaxis for COVID-19 did not show significant reduction in the risks of infection, hospitalization, or mortality compared to placebo. However, it increased the risk of adverse events. Therefore, current evidence does not support the clinical benefit of prophylactic hydroxychloroquine and shows a higher risk of adverse events.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ashiq Mannan, Nick Sutingco, Svet Djurkovic, Mary Reyes, Mehul Desai, Soleyah Groves, Ivan Garcia, Wali Azizi, Andrew Miner, Sam Elgawly, Greg Trimble, Paul Weisbruch, Erik Osborn, Steven Dean, Maruf Haider, Madeline Erario, Patricia Horgas, Erin Hodson, Brian Lam, Jennifer Bautista, Andrei Racila, Andrej Kolacevski, Linda Henry, Stephen Motew, Chapy Venkatesan, Ann Huston, Naomi Lynn Gerber, J. Stephen Jones, Zobair M. Younossi
Summary: This study outlines the steps and processes a hospital took to respond to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of these processes resulted in improved care for COVID-19 patients and reduced mortality rates. The detailed processes put in place will continue to aid hospital systems in meeting future challenges beyond COVID-19.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Roberto Barbosa Bazotte, Sandro Massao Hirabara, Tamires Afonso Duarte Serdan, Raquel Bragante Gritte, Talita Souza-Siqueira, Renata Gorjao, Laureane Nunes Masi, Marina Masetto Antunes, Vinicius Cruzat, Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi, Rui Curi
Summary: Quinine, originally extracted from the bark of Chinchona trees, has been used for treating fever since the seventeenth century. Compounds derived from quinine, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, are being studied worldwide for treating COVID-19, with some discrepancies in clinical trial outcomes. The potential underlying molecular mechanisms of how CQ and HCQ inhibit viral replication may lead to the development of novel drugs to combat COVID-19.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Xing-Guo Tang, Ke Lin, Shun-Wen Guo, Yi Rong, Dan Chen, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Feng-Feng Ping, Jin-Quan Wang
Summary: This study confirmed that the increment-Ru1/Dox combination had a synergistic effect in inhibiting tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. It was found that this combination treatment promoted tumor cell apoptosis and reduced cardiac fibrosis and iron accumulation caused by doxorubicin. Further investigation revealed that doxorubicin regulated iron accumulation via the ferroptosis pathway and the expression of lipid peroxidation-related proteins. Therefore, the increment-Ru1/Dox combination therapy shows promise in reducing the toxic side effects of doxorubicin, especially cardiac injury.
RECENT PATENTS ON ANTI-CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jingyi Fan, Kenneth Kin Wah To, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Liwu Fu
Summary: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is when cancer cells become resistant to a wide range of unrelated drugs. This hinders cancer treatment and is a major cause of chemotherapy failure. ABC transporters are frequently overexpressed in MDR cancer cells, promoting drug efflux and reducing drug accumulation. Recent evidence suggests that ABC transporters also regulate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) by transporting cytokines, influencing anti-tumor immunity and drug sensitivity. Inhibition of ABC transporter expression or function can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors by promoting an anticancer immune microenvironment. This review provides an update on current research progress in this field.
DRUG RESISTANCE UPDATES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kun Pang, Zhen-Duo Shi, Liu-Ya Wei, Yang Dong, Yu-Yang Ma, Wei Wang, Guang-Yue Wang, Ming-Yang Cao, Jia-Jun Dong, Yu-Ang Chen, Peng Zhang, Lin Hao, Hao Xu, Deng Pan, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Cong-Hui Han
Summary: The PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint plays a crucial role in tumor immune escape, but the main challenges of this therapy are low response rate and acquired resistance, thus further research is needed to improve the treatment outcome.
DRUG RESISTANCE UPDATES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jiuxiang Zhang, Zhesheng Chen, Jonathan Caillaux, Yannick Klein, Andrea Gauzzi, Azzedine Bendounan, Amina Taleb-Ibrahimi, Luca Perfetti, Evangelos Papalazarou, Marino Marsi
Summary: Time-resolved ARPES provides a method to investigate the band structure and dynamics of excited electronic states in solids. Understanding the orbital character of bands near the Fermi level is crucial for explaining exotic phenomena in quantum materials. By conducting polarization-dependent time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and analyzing the photoelectron yield for different crystal orientations, we determine the orbital character of bands above and below the chemical potential in the Dirac semimetal BaNiS2. Our results demonstrate the significance of controlling and understanding matrix elements' effects in time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy for the study of quantum materials.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiuxiang Zhang, Thibault Daniel Pierre Sohier, Michele Casula, Zhesheng Chen, Jonathan Caillaux, Evangelos Papalazarou, Luca Perfetti, Luca Petaccia, Azzedine Bendounan, Amina Taleb-Ibrahimi, David Santos-Cottin, Yannick Klein, Andrea Gauzzi, Marino Marsi
Summary: In the Dirac semimetal BaNiS2, the Dirac nodes can be moved along the Gamma-M symmetry line in reciprocal space by varying the concentration of adsorbed K atoms. This peculiar feature offers a promising tool for engineering Dirac states at surfaces, interfaces, and heterostructures, as demonstrated by first-principles calculations considering the effect of charge transfer gap.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Si-Qi Wang, Jun-Jiang Chen, Yuchen Jiang, Zi-Ning Lei, Ye Chun Ruan, Yihang Pan, Judy Wai Ping Yam, Maria Pik Wong, Zhi-Jie Xiao
Summary: GSTP1 is upregulated in lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) and plays a role in tumor self-renewal, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. The CaMK2A/NRF2/GSTP1 axis is identified as a regulatory pathway under hypoxia, where CaMK2A phosphorylates NRF2 to increase GSTP1 expression. Clinically, GSTP1 serves as a prognostic marker in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and can be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gao-Jie Ye, Chao-Yun Cai, Zhuo-Xun Wu, Qiu-Xu Teng, Jing-Quan Wang, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Bo Wang
Summary: Three series of phenylurea indole derivatives were synthesized with potent inhibitory activities on ABCG2. Four phenylurea indole derivatives with extended 7C system showed the most potent ABCG2 inhibition and no inhibition on ABCB1. Further investigation on two compounds revealed that they increased the accumulation of mitoxantrone in ABCG2-overexpressing cells and stimulated the ATP hydrolysis of ABCG2 transporter.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ruikun Lin, Lei Zhang, Biwei Ye, Yanan Wang, Yi-Dong Li, Hsu Jason, Wenzhen Liu, Ping Hu, Jincan Chen, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Zhuo Chen
Summary: Our study demonstrates a novel approach to treat multidrug resistance in cancer by targeting and inhibition of P-gp using a nanoparticle system. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that this nanoparticle system significantly enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy, reversed drug resistance, inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and prevented cancer cell metastasis, with no apparent toxicity.
Article
Oncology
Ruixiang Guo, Huiru Dai, Fuweijian Liu, Minling Liu, Xueying Li, Tingwei Li, Jiehao Liao, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Yuchen Liu, Shuo Fang
Summary: LEF1 has been found to be significantly associated with high histological grade in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis. LEF1 may regulate the cell cycle, WNT signaling pathway, and NOTCH signaling pathway in HCC. It could serve as a potential drug target for HCC.
RECENT PATENTS ON ANTI-CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY
(2023)
Review
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Ling-Yu Kong, Xuan-Yu Chen, Xin Lu, Qinggele Caiyin, Dong-Hua Yang
Summary: In recent years, the incidence of lung cancer has been increasing and it has become one of the most common and deadly tumors worldwide, greatly impacting people's health. Metastasis is the leading cause of death in lung cancer, emphasizing the need to understand its mechanisms. This review explores the physiological and pathological aspects of the lung and intestine based on traditional Chinese medicine concepts, offering insights into the development and treatment of lung cancer.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Congying Gao, Lei Zhang, Yun Xu, Xiangyu Ma, Peilei Chen, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Liuya Wei
Summary: In this study, the potent histone deacetylase inhibitor I13 was assessed for its effect on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells harboring T315I-mutated and wild-type BCR-ABL. I13 showed strong activity against both types of cells, inducing cell differentiation and suppressing proliferation by causing cell cycle G0/G1-phase accumulation. It was found that I13 blocked the CML signaling pathway by depleting BCR-ABL, resulting in cell differentiation. These findings highlight I13 as a BCR-ABL modulator for overcoming drug resistance caused by T315I-mutated BCR-ABL and have implications for CML therapy development.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zi-Ning Lei, Qin Tian, Qiu-Xu Teng, John N. D. Wurpel, Leli Zeng, Yihang Pan, Zhe-Sheng Chen
Summary: Resistance to cancer therapies is a major cause of treatment failure and poor patient survival, and can be caused by various factors including genetics, epigenetics, and the tumor microenvironment. Numerous mechanisms of drug resistance have been discovered, and strategies to overcome resistance include identifying biomarkers, developing new targets and drugs, combination therapies, and modulating the tumor microenvironment. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer and the latest tackling approaches, as well as future perspectives on polytherapy, nanoparticle delivery systems, and advanced drug design tools.
Article
Fisheries
Peng Xu, Kuopeng Cui, Liming Chen, Shaoshu Chen, Zheng Wang
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 as a probiotic for Japanese seabass aquaculture. The results showed that BLa80 supplementation improved survival, accelerated growth, enhanced antioxidant capacity, reduced apoptosis, and altered the gut microbiota structure of juvenile Japanese seabass.
AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhijian Wang, Yuhao Xie, Jing-Quan Wang, Yuanhui Cheng, Joshua Fleishman, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Yun Chen
Summary: On January 25, 2022, the FDA approved tebentafusp for the treatment of HLA-A*02:01-positive adult patients with unresectable or metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). Tebentafusp targets a specific HLA-A*02:01/gp100 complex, activating T cells to induce tumor cell death. Clinical trials have shown positive overall survival and response rates, as well as manageable adverse events. The approval of tebentafusp is groundbreaking due to the limited efficacy of current treatments for mUM.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xing Liu, Gao-Chuan Fang, Hao Lu, Zhen-Duo Shi, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Cong-Hui Han
Summary: On March 23, 2022, the FDA approved Pluvicto (lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan) as the first targeted radioligand therapy for PSMA-positive mCRPC patients. This groundbreaking therapy selectively binds to PSMA, leading to DNA damage and cell death in prostate cancer cells. With its promising mechanism of action and high specificity, it represents an exciting advancement in precision medicine for individualized treatments.
