Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gaurav Nirala, Siva T. Pradyumna, Ashok Kumar, Alberto M. Marino
Summary: The ability to encode and transmit information using the temporal and spatial degrees of freedom of quantum states of light is crucial for an efficient quantum network. However, there is still a lack of control required to fully utilize the high dimensionality of the spatial degree of freedom. In this study, we encode information in the spatial correlations of entangled twin beams, taking advantage of their dependence on the angular spectrum of the pump for four-wave mixing. We demonstrate that the encoded information can only be extracted through joint spatial measurements of the twin beams, without modifying the temporal quantum correlations.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Belal Mostafa Amin, Jere Kekkonen, Tuomo Talala, Ilkka Nissinen
Summary: In this article, a time-resolved Raman spectrometer based on a CMOS SPAD line sensor is presented for 3-D chemical image reconstruction using 2-D scanning data. The sensor has 256-spectral channels with adjustable resolution and is fabricated in 110-nm CMOS technology. The study demonstrates the importance of the instrument response function (IRF) and the time gate window width in determining the accuracy of axial (depth) information.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Optics
Konstantin Tiurev, Pol Llopart Mirambell, Mikkel Bloch Lauritzen, Martin Hayhurst Appel, Alexey Tiranov, Peter Lodahl, Anders Sondberg Sorensen
Summary: The study analyzes a scheme using a single solid-state quantum emitter to generate multiphoton entangled states and develops a mathematical framework to evaluate the fidelity of the generated state. It theoretically investigates the impact of imperfections on time-bin encoded Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and one-dimensional cluster states, covering both fundamental limitations and technological imperfections. The devised framework is applicable to a variety of quantum emitters, including semiconductor quantum dots, defect centers in solids, and atoms in cavities.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Feng Chen, Shaul Mukamel
Summary: Time-energy entangled photons are used to calculate vibrational hyper-Raman signals of the organic chromophore Wu112. Compared to classical light, entangled-photon HR signal scales linearly with the SPDC pump field intensity, providing selectivity and allowing weak-field measurements on fragile samples.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wei Jiang, Yamn Chalich, Ryan Scott, M. Jamal Deen
Summary: This paper explores time-gating and multi-junction techniques to improve SPAD performance in smaller standard CMOS processes, aiming for monolithic integration. However, the proposed implementation of a triple-junction SPAD in this technology node is not suitable for wavelength distinction. The design achieved a peak photon detection efficiency of 2.1% at 440nm.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
G. Canas, E. S. Gomez, E. Baradit, G. Lima, S. P. Walborn
Summary: Research on increasing the coupling of photon pairs produced by parametric down-conversion by pumping the non-linear crystal with a perfect vortex mode with orbital angular momentum l rather than a gaussian mode has shown an almost three-fold increase in coupling and a nearly constant shape in the two-photon orbital angular momentum spectrum. This presents an interesting scenario for quantum state engineering.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Philipp Aumann, Maximilian Prilmueller, Florian Kappe, Laurin Ostermann, Dan Dalacu, Philip J. Poole, Helmut Ritsch, Wolfgang Lechner, Gregor Weihs
Summary: This paper introduces the preparation of time-bin entangled photon pairs by resonantly exciting the biexciton state in a quantum dot using coherent pulses. The implementation of this scheme in a dot embedded in an InP nanowire is analyzed using an effective three-level open system master equation. The resulting entanglement and optimal operating conditions are predicted based on parameters extracted from experimental data.
Article
Optics
Thomas B. Mieling, Christopher Hilweg, Philip Walther
Summary: Experiments at the interface of quantum field theory and general relativity, utilizing path-entangled quantum states of light to measure components of the Riemann curvature tensor, can enhance sensitivity to gravitational effects and reduce the required height difference to rule out flat space-time.
Article
Optics
Fuxin Guan, Yue Hu, Xiaoyu Dai, Xiaohui Ling, Shaojie Ma, Jing Lin, Shaohua Dong, Yuanjiang Xiang
Summary: In general, a spin-polarized light beam cannot couple its spin angular momentum (SAM) with intrinsic orbital angular momentum (IOAM) without spin reversal. However, it has been found that nonlinear media can give the spin-polarized photon an IOAM without requiring spin reversal. This phenomenon is characterized by an evolution ray equation for photons carrying IOAM, and the vortex generation is shown to originate from the nonlinear-induced geometric phase.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
A. Eshkoli, Y. Nemirovsky
Summary: The article discusses a new mixed design approach for monolithic CMOS-SiPM, focusing on sampling, filtering, and converting signals, as well as demonstrating the system's design, simulation, and measurement results. The system achieves high clock rate and resolution at low cost, with potential applications in various fields.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
G. Torilla, J. Minga, P. Brogi, G. Collazuol, G. -f. Dalla Betta, P. S. Marrocchesi, L. Pancheri, L. Ratti, C. Vacchi
Summary: This paper presents the results from the crosstalk and dark count rate (DCR) characterization of a 24 x 72 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array, fabricated in a 150 nm CMOS technology. The chip under test consists of a dual layer detection system developed in view of applications to charged particle tracking. A three step procedure used for the crosstalk characterization is presented. The crosstalk probability, taking place in 5 x 5 sub arrays built around noisy pixels, has been computed. Eventually, random telegraph signal (RTS) fluctuations in DCR, at different bias conditions, are briefly discussed.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jau Yang Wu, Chun-Hsien Liu
Summary: We propose a structure design for a single-photon avalanche diode fabricated in TSMC's 0.18-μm high-voltage CMOS technology. This design improves the limited operating excess voltage for an n-on-p type without any customized well layer. By introducing a deep p-well isolation layer, the excess bias is significantly increased, resulting in high photon detection probability (PDP) with low dark count rate. The n-on-p type device is suitable for a 3D-stacked backside illuminated structure and achieves high PDP at longer wavelengths. With improved jitter and after-pulsing probability, our designed device is suitable for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Francesca Madonini, Federica Villa
Summary: Detection of peak shifts in Raman spectroscopy enables fingerprint reconstruction for molecule discrimination without labeling or sample preparation. Time-gated detectors utilizing single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are effective in rejecting fluorescence background, making it possible to collect only synchronous photons with short laser pulses.
Article
Optics
Hisaki Oka
Summary: In this study, the transient dynamics of two-photon absorption driven by a rectangular pulse consisting of entangled photons with time delay is theoretically analyzed. The aim is to verify the quantum virtual-state spectroscopy (VSS) method. Two types of three-level atomic systems are considered: one with an intermediate state between the ground and excited states, and the other with an intermediate state above the excited state. The results show that VSS does not occur in the common two-photon absorption configuration, while VSS-like signals can be obtained in the original VSS configuration regardless of photon entanglement.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hiwa Mahmoudi, Michael Hofbauer, Bernhard Goll, Horst Zimmermann
Summary: An empirical study on breakdown voltage, dark-count, and afterpulsing noise mechanisms of a fully integrated time-gated SPAD detector in 0.35μm CMOS was conducted based on experimental data acquired in dark conditions. An effective SPAD breakdown voltage was introduced to enable efficient characterization and modeling of dark-count and afterpulsing probabilities with respect to excess bias voltage and gating duration time. The presented breakdown and noise models will allow for accurate modeling and optimization of SPAD-based detector designs, showing potential trade-offs between noise, speed, and sensitivity.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Fabio Acerbi, Nicola Massari, Leonardo Gasparini, Alessandro Tomasi, Nicola Zorzi, Giorgio Fontana, Lorenzo Pavesi, Alberto Gola
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Majid Zarghami, Leonardo Gasparini, Luca Parmesan, Manuel Moreno-Garcia, Andre Stefanov, Banz Bessire, Manuel Unternahrer, Matteo Perenzoni
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Alessandro Tontini, Leonardo Gasparini, Matteo Perenzoni
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Federica Bianco, Vaidotas Miseikis, Daniele Perenzoni, Camilla Coletti, Matteo Perenzoni, Alessandro Tredicucci
Summary: Terahertz radiation is well-suited for various imaging applications, but the lack of compact technologies hinders its wide usage and commercialization. Graphene-based devices offer a solution with higher versatility and scalability. This study introduces a new scheme for a multielement terahertz sensor capable of multipixel parallel detection, showing relatively uniform terahertz detection performances and becoming promising candidates for commercial high-resolution room-temperature terahertz cameras.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Matteo Perenzoni, Muhammad Ali, Giancarlo Pepponi, Vincenzo Guidi
Summary: This article presents a comprehensive modeling of cold-biased FETs used as THz detectors, based on the EKV model for valid quantities near and below the transistor threshold without extra fitting. The model considers important aspects such as antenna coupling and THz source modulation, which are validated through THz measurements on specific FET detectors, providing a powerful tool for better accuracy in simulations.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
F. Di Capua, M. Campajola, D. Fiore, L. Gasparini, E. Sarnelli, A. Aloisio
Summary: This paper focuses on understanding the Random Telegraph Signal (RTS) in Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) by studying RTS occurrence in two different SPAD layouts and analyzing the differences in RTS time constants and occurrence evolution with annealing temperature.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Stefan Lerch, Andre Stefanov
Summary: Researchers have successfully demonstrated spectral shaping of energy-entangled photons using a grating compressor, achieving a sevenfold increase in resolution compared to previous prism compressor setups. Efficiency comparison of sum frequency generation with classical pulses and entangled photon pairs aligns with a simple model relating classical and entangled two-photon absorption coefficients. The capability of shaping entangled two-photon spectra was shown through implementation of an interferometric transfer function.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gabriele Quarta, Matteo Perenzoni, Lucio Pancheri
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to achieve low-noise amplification of a Field-Effect Transistor-based (FET-based) detector by using a Single-Electron Bipolar Avalanche Transistor (SEBAT) as a front-end circuit. The FET output is connected to the SEBAT to form a circuit element called TeraHertz Single-Electron Transistor (THzSET), which amplifies the detection current generated by the FET. The avalanche pulse rate is evaluated from the signal measured at the SEBAT collector, allowing measurement of the modulated THz signal applied to the device.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Optics
Valerio Flavio Gili, Dupish Dupish, Andres Vega, Massimo Gandola, Enrico Manuzzato, Matteo Perenzoni, Leonardo Gasparini, Thomas Pertsch, Frank Setzpfandt
Summary: Quantum ghost imaging (QGI) is an imaging protocol that exploits photon-pair correlations from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). In this study, a two-dimensional single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector is used for spatially resolving the path in QGI implementation. By utilizing non-degenerate SPDC, samples can be investigated at infrared wavelengths without the need for SWIR cameras, while spatial detection can still be performed in the visible region using silicon-based technology. These findings advance QGI schemes for practical applications.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Alessandro Tontini, Leonardo Gasparini, Enrico Manuzzato, Matteo Perenzoni, Roberto Passerone
Summary: This paper presents an analysis and comparative evaluation of three background-rejection techniques for SPAD-based LiDAR systems implemented in CMOS processes. The techniques include photon coincidence, Auto-Sensitivity, and last-hit detection, with the first two techniques compared and then applied together to increase measurement range. The last-hit detection is compared against the standard first-hit detection paradigm, showing an improvement for long distance targets and overall increase in system performance.
INTEGRATION-THE VLSI JOURNAL
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alessandro Tontini, Leonardo Gasparini, Enrico Manuzzato, Matteo Perenzoni, Roberto Passerone
Summary: This article presents the results of Monte Carlo simulations and measurements on two techniques aimed at reducing background light in SPAD-based LiDAR systems: the photon coincidence technique and the Auto-Sensitivity (AS) technique. The photon coincidence technique outperforms the AS technique, and when used together, the maximum achievable measurement range is increased.
PRIME 2022: 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHD RESEARCH IN MICROELECTRONICS AND ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Leonardo Gasparini, Manuel Moreno Garcia, Majid Zarghami, Andre Stefanov, Bruno Eckmann, Matteo Perenzoni
Summary: A multi-functional image sensor based on SPAD technology and CMOS image sensor technology, which operates in multiple working modes, has wide application prospects in various fields.
ESSCIRC 2022- IEEE 48TH EUROPEAN SOLID STATE CIRCUITS CONFERENCE (ESSCIRC)
(2022)
Article
Optics
A. Mikhalychev, Y. S. Teo, H. Jeong, A. Stefanov, D. Mogilevtsev
Summary: The study proposes a method to emulate quantum phenomena using a finite set of mixtures of coherent states. This allows for easier generation in the laboratory and successful reproduction of well-known quantum effects.
