Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brent C. Emerson, Paulo A. V. Borges, Pedro Cardoso, Peter Convey, Jeremy R. deWaard, Evan P. Economo, Rosemary G. Gillespie, Susan Kennedy, Henrik Krehenwinkel, Rudolf Meier, George K. Roderick, Dominique Strasberg, Christophe Thebaud, Anna Traveset, Thomas J. Creedy, Emmanouil Meramveliotakis, Victor Noguerales, Isaac Overcast, Helene Morlon, Anna Papadopoulou, Alfried P. Vogler, Paula Arribas, Carmelo Andujar
Summary: The current understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying island biodiversity is largely based on empirical data from plants and birds, overlooking the fact that arthropods constitute the majority of known animal species and can offer crucial insights into biodiversity processes. High throughput sequencing approaches are emerging as powerful tools for overcoming limitations in arthropod biodiversity data, and can provide valuable insights into these processes. This article explores the effective utilization of these tools for comprehensive and comparable inventory and monitoring of arthropod biodiversity on islands.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Christof Koch, Karel Svoboda, Amy Bernard, Michele A. Basso, Anne K. Churchland, Adrienne L. Fairhall, Peter A. Groblewski, Jerome A. Lecoq, Zachary F. Mainen, Mackenzie W. Mathis, Shawn R. Olsen, John W. Phillips, Alexandre Pouget, Shreya Saxena, Josh H. Siegle, Anthony M. Zador
Summary: This article proposes the establishment of centralized brain observatories for large-scale recordings of neural activity in animals, aiming to advance reproducible systems neuroscience and democratize access to advanced tools and data.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Dionysios Anninos, Damian A. Galante, Chawakorn Maneerat
Summary: In this study, we investigate the boundary conditions of four-dimensional general relativity, considering a manifold with a boundary and a vanishing cosmological constant. Depending on the signature, the boundary can be represented as σ x Double-struck capital R in Lorentzian signature or S2 x S1 in Euclidean signature. We adopt conformal boundary conditions and analyze the linearized gravity problem using the Kodama-Ishibashi formalism. Our results show the existence of exponentially growing modes for a round metric on S2 with constant K. However, by varying K, we can control these growing modes and eliminate them in the case of a conformally flat induced metric. We also provide evidence that the Dirichlet problem for a spherical boundary does not suffer from non-uniqueness issues at the linearized level. Furthermore, we extend black hole thermodynamics to the case of conformal boundary conditions and demonstrate the retention of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Marine
Chang Shu, Feng Lyu, Rendong Xu, Xichen Wang, Wei Wei
Summary: This review discusses the system configurations and state-of-the-art technology of cabled ocean observatories (COOs) worldwide, and analyzes their advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and future research directions.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Tiziana Cherubini, Ryan Lyman, Steven Businger
Summary: This study presents a machine-learning approach to translate the experience of Maunakea Weather Center into a forecast of the nightly average optical turbulent state of the atmosphere. The main motivation is to provide a tool/guidance to forecasters at MKWC and allow for a dynamic calibration of the optical turbulence algorithm in the WRF model.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Fabio Falchi, Felipe Ramos, Salvador Bara, Pedro Sanhueza, Marcelo Jaque Arancibia, Guillermo Damke, Pierantonio Cinzano
Summary: Light pollution is a significant factor that affects the productivity and lifespan of astronomical observatories. By analyzing satellite radiance data using the Garstang-Cinzano model, we compared 28 observatory sites with large telescopes and calculated five indicators of light pollution. The results revealed a wide variation in the values of these indicators, indicating that the majority of large observatories have exceeded the critical increase in radiance. The findings and methods presented can guide efforts to reduce the impact of light pollution on observatories and protect the nighttime environment.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ricardo Z. Ferreira, Alessio Notari, Oriol Pujolas, Fabrizio Rompineve
Summary: Heavy QCD axion models are crucial for solving the strong CP problem, and can be probed through measurements of gravitational wave signals and electric dipole moments. Future observatories are expected to further explore this model.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Chris Whittle, Ge Yang, Matthew Evans, Lisa Barsotti
Summary: Machine learning techniques are used to predict and optimize the level of squeezed state injection in gravitational-wave detectors.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. P. Ross, J. H. Gundlach, E. G. Adelberger, C. M. Weller, E. A. Shaw, C. Gettings, J. Kissel, T. Mistry, L. Datrier, E. Daw, M. Hendry
Summary: The precision of current gravitational wave observatories' gravitational calibrators is limited by their dependence on the relative position between the calibrators and the observatory's test masses. A novel geometry consisting of four quadrupole rotors placed at the vertices of a rectangle centered on the test mass is presented. The proposed calibrator produces a pseudoplane-wave sinusoidal gravitational acceleration with minimal dependence on the test mass position relative to the rotor array, allowing for high accuracy and toleration of test mass position uncertainty.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sarah E. Gossan, Evan D. Hall, Samaya M. Nissanke
Summary: Gravitational-wave astrophysics is a rapidly expanding field that aims to enhance the observation of gravitational wave sources both in the Galactic center and across the Galactic disk. For a single observatory, a near-equatorial latitude provides the most reliable observation, while for multi-observatory networks, longitude plays an additional role in consistent observation of the Galaxy.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Roman Krasnoperov, Roman Sidorov, Andrew Grudnev, Jon Karapetyan, Dmitry Lazarev
Summary: The installation and development of a magnetic observatory may require additional studies of the magnetic properties of construction materials and the surrounding environment. Detailed studies of magnetic susceptibility may be necessary in some cases. This article focuses on the magnetic properties of construction materials for magnetic observatories, presenting an overview of the magnetic susceptibility of different materials, describing a kappametry method and its application, and providing results of magnetic susceptibility tests on construction materials and surrounding rocks.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Xingyu Zhou, Feida Jia, Xiangyu Li
Summary: This paper investigates the stability of a geocentric gravitational-wave observatory from the perspective of configuration uncertainty propagation. The effects of orbit insertion errors on configuration stability are analyzed using the Unscented Transformation method. The results show that radial position and tangential velocity insertion errors have the greatest influence on configuration stability. The proposed method provides useful insights for the design of a geocentric gravitational-wave observatory.
Article
Environmental Studies
Quentin Grislain, Jeremy Bourgoin
Summary: Sub-Saharan Africa faces land issues such as private appropriation of farmland, conflicts over land use, and limited access for women and the younger generation. To address these diverse challenges and promote evidence-based policies, land reform actors need tools for monitoring, evaluation, and decision-making processes in land policy. Land observatories are viewed as mechanisms for producing and disseminating information to inform choices and improve decision-making. These observatories have been successful in Africa, leading to the establishment of national land observatories in countries like Madagascar, Cameroun, South Africa, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Mali, and Uganda. However, there is a need to examine the actual practices and ability of these observatories to reduce information asymmetries, produce and share knowledge, and enhance land governance.
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Richard F. Green, Christian B. Luginbuhl, Richard J. Wainscoat, Dan Duriscoe
Summary: Human activity is increasingly causing negative impact of artificial skyglow on observatory sites. Understanding of source spectral energy distribution is necessary to assess the actual impact. All-sky cameras provide data to model and measure artificial light contribution. Solar activity affects natural skyglow significantly and must be considered in determining trends. Regulations play a crucial role in protecting observatory sites, and the reflected sunlight from satellites in low-earth orbit is a growing threat.
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Oliver Jennrich, Nora Luetzgendorf, James Ira Thorpe, Jacob Slutsky, Curt Cutler
Summary: This study focuses on the potential noise source of free electrons in the solar wind for space-based interferometric gravitational wave instruments. By establishing a simplified model and using data from the NASA Wind experiment instrument, estimates for the effect in LISA measurements were derived, showing that the sensitivity limit caused by the free-electron effect is smaller than other expected noise sources limiting LISA's sensitivity under normal solar conditions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joon Seon Lee, Mojtaba Jahani, Kaichi Huang, Jennifer R. Mandel, Laura F. Marek, John M. Burke, Nicolas B. Langlade, Gregory L. Owens, Loren H. Rieseberg
Summary: This study elucidates the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying heterosis in sunflower and demonstrates the contribution of expression complementation of PAVs in hybrids to heterosis and yield stability. The findings provide important insights into understanding hybrid vigor in crops and the stability of yield.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Nora Mitche, Hoang Luu, Gregory L. Owens, Loren H. Rieseberg, Kenneth D. Whitney
Summary: This study investigates the repeatability of evolution by comparing the evolution of hybrids and nonhybrids in different environments using field experimental evolution with annual sunflowers in Texas. The results show that hybrid evolution is more repeatable and often in line with the locally adapted phenotype.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Diana Prapas, Romain Scalone, Jacqueline Lee, Kristin A. Nurkowski, Sarah Bou-assi, Loren Rieseberg, Paul Battlay, Kathryn A. Hodgins
Summary: This study investigated the genetic basis of climate adaptation in invasive common ragweed by identifying major and minor QTL underlying flowering time and height differentiation. Several candidate genes for flowering time were identified within each QTL interval. The major flowering time QTL detected in this study was found to overlap with a previously identified haploblock. These findings support the hypothesis that a concentrated genetic architecture with larger and more tightly linked alleles should underlie rapid local adaptation during invasion.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jose Cerca, Bent Petersen, Jose Miguel Lazaro-Guevara, Angel Rivera-Colon, Siri Birkeland, Joel Vizueta, Siyu Li, Qionghou Li, Joao Loureiro, Chatchai Kosawang, Patricia Jaramillo Diaz, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Mario Fernandez-Mazuecos, Pablo Vargas, Ross A. McCauley, Gitte Petersen, Luisa Santos-Bay, Nathan Wales, Julian M. Catchen, Daniel Machado, Michael D. Nowak, Alexander Suh, Neelima R. Sinha, Lene R. Nielsen, Ole Seberg, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, James H. Leebens-Mack, Loren H. Rieseberg, Michael D. Martin
Summary: Many island plant species exhibit a syndrome known as the 'plant island syndrome', which involves distinct phenotypic and life history traits. In this study, the researchers sequenced and analyzed the genome of the critically endangered Galapagos-endemic species Scalesia atractyloides Arnot. They identified the genomic basis of the island syndrome and determined the ancestral genomes and their divergence in this species.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giovanni Vimercati, Anna F. Probert, Lara Volery, Ruben Bernardo-Madrid, Sandro Bertolino, Vanessa Cespedes, Franz Essl, Thomas Evans, Belinda Gallardo, Laure Gallien, Pablo Gonzalez-Moreno, Marie Charlotte Grange, Cang Hui, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Stelios Katsanevakis, Ingolf Kuehn, Sabrina Kumschick, Jan Pergl, Petr Pysek, Loren Rieseberg, Tamara B. Robinson, Wolf-Christian Saul, Cascade J. B. Sorte, Montserrat Vila, John R. U. Wilson, Sven Bacher
Summary: This article introduces the IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) and proposes EICAT+ system to assess both negative and positive impacts of alien species on native biodiversity. EICAT+ fills the gap in classifying positive impacts and provides information for understanding the consequences of biological invasions and conservation decisions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tal J. Shalev, Omnia Gamal El-Dien, Macaire M. S. Yuen, Shu Shengqiang, Shaun D. Jackman, Rene L. Warren, Lauren Coombe, Lise van der Merwe, Ada Stewart, Lori B. Boston, Christopher Plott, Jerry Jenkins, Guifen He, Juying Yan, Mi Yan, Jie Guo, Jesse W. Breinholt, Leandro G. Neves, Jane Grimwood, Loren H. Rieseberg, Jeremy Schmutz, Inanc Birol, Matias Kirst, Alvin D. Yanchuk, Carol Ritland, John H. Russell, Joerg Bohlmann
Summary: This study assembled the genome of western redcedar and found it to be genetically depauperate, yet capable of responding to natural and artificial selection. The genome assembly, one of the most complete for a conifer species, provides insights into the genetic characteristics of this ecologically and economically important tree.
Article
Biology
Lucie Mahaut, Samuel Pironon, Jean-Yves Barnagaud, Francois Bretagnolle, Colin K. K. Khoury, Zia Mehrabi, Ruben Milla, Charlotte Phillips, Loren H. H. Rieseberg, Cyrille Violle, Delphine Renard
Summary: Humans have moved crops from their regions of origin to new locations, causing differences between crop distributions and their climate suitability. These differences are important for developing agricultural strategies to adapt to climate change. Study findings show that high-income regions have a better match between crop distribution and climate suitability.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vanessa C. Bieker, Paul Battlay, Bent Petersen, Xin Sun, Jonathan Wilson, Jaelle C. Brealey, Francois Bretagnolle, Kristin Nurkowski, Chris Lee, Fatima Sanchez Barreiro, Gregory L. Owens, Jacqueline Y. Lee, Fabian L. Kellner, Lotte van Boheeman, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Myriam Gaudeul, Heinz Mueller-Schaerer, Suzanne Lommen, Gerhard Karrer, Bruno Chauvel, Yan Sun, Bojan Kostantinovic, Love Dalen, Peter Poczai, Loren H. Rieseberg, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Kathryn A. Hodgins, Michael D. Martin
Summary: The study reveals selection signatures in defense genes and lower prevalence of plant pathogens in invasive European populations of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed). It also suggests that changes in population structure associated with introgression from closely related species have contributed to the plant's success as an invasive species.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
April M. Goebl, Nolan C. Kane, Daniel F. Doak, Loren H. Rieseberg, Kate L. Ostevik
Summary: Studying conspecific populations living in different microenvironments is important for understanding natural selection. In this study, two sunflower ecotypes in different habitats were investigated to estimate fitness and allele frequency change at different life stages. It was found that habitat- and life stage-specific selection contribute to the maintenance of divergent adaptation between populations.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Loren Rieseberg, Emily Warschefsky, Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos, Nolan C. Kane, Kiimberley Thresher, Benjamin Sibbett
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dan G. Bock, Jianquan Liu, Polina Novikova, Loren H. Rieseberg
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susan R. McCouch, Loren H. Rieseberg
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dan G. Bock, Zhe Cai, Cassandra Elphinstone, Eric Gonzalez-Segovia, Kaede Hirabayashi, Kaichi Huang, Graeme L. Keais, Amy Kim, Gregory L. Owens, Loren H. Rieseberg
Summary: Studies of plants have played a crucial role in understanding the origin and evolution of species. Recent advances in genomic sequencing technologies have allowed researchers to delve deeper into the mechanisms of plant speciation. By analyzing genomic divergence, researchers can identify genetic loci that contribute to reproductive isolation and highlight the importance of structural variants in speciation. Furthermore, genomics has provided new evidence supporting some routes to speciation while casting doubt on others. While genomics can accelerate the identification of genes related to reproductive isolation, follow-up experimental validation remains essential.
PLANT COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lexuan Gao, Michael B. Kantar, Dylan Moxley, Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos, Loren H. Rieseberg
Summary: The disciplines of evolutionary biology and plant and animal breeding have been intertwined, with artificial selection yielding insights into natural selection, and evolutionary biology guiding modern breeding. This article offers an evolutionary perspective on the challenge of feeding humanity in the face of climate change. Promising strategies to adapt crops to climate change include matching crop varieties with environments, optimizing breeding goals and practices, and exploring new technologies. Evolutionary approaches can enhance these strategies by reconstructing crop evolution, detecting and mitigating deleterious mutations, and improving adaptation to agricultural environments. Continuing collaboration between evolution and crop biology communities is crucial for adapting crops to climate change.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zia Mehrabi, Adriana Ignaciuk, Christian Levers, Ruth Delzeit, Ginni Braich, Kushank Bajaj, Araba Amo-Aidoo, Weston Anderson, Roland A. Balgah, Tim G. Benton, Martin M. Chari, Erle C. Ellis, Narcisse Z. Gahi, Franziska Gaupp, Lucas A. Garibaldi, James S. Gerber, Cecile M. Godde, Ingo Grass, Tobias Heimann, Mark Hirons, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Meha Jain, Dana James, David Makowski, Blessing Masamha, Sisi Meng, Sathaporn Monprapussorn, Daniel Mueller, Andrew Nelson, Nathaniel K. Newlands, Frederik Noack, MaryLucy Oronje, Colin Raymond, Markus Reichstein, Loren H. Rieseberg, Jose M. Rodriguez-Llanes, Todd Rosenstock, Pedram Rowhani, Ali Sarhadi, Ralf Seppelt, Balsher S. Sidhu, Sieglinde Snapp, Tammara Soma, Adam H. Sparks, Louise Teh, Michelle Tigchelaar, Martha M. Vogel, Paul C. West, Hannah Wittman, Liangzhi You
Summary: Extreme events, such as climate change, economic or geopolitical shocks, and pest or disease epidemics, pose significant challenges to global food security. By prioritizing threats and identifying research gaps, this study aims to guide research funding and resources towards transforming resilient food systems to mitigate major risks and food insecurity caused by extreme events.
