Amino Acids Whose Intracellular Levels Change Most During Aging Alter Chronological Life Span of Fission Yeast

Amino acid deprivation or supplementation can affect cellular and organismal life span, but we know little about the role of concentration changes in free, intracellular amino acids during aging. Here, we determine free amino acid levels during chronological aging of nondividing fission yeast cells. We compare wild-type with long-lived mutant cells that lack the Pka1 protein of the protein kinase A signalling pathway. In wild-type cells, total amino acid levels decrease during aging, but much less so in pka1 mutants. Two amino acids strongly change as a function of age: glutamine decreases, especially in wild-type cells, while aspartate increases, especially in pka1 mutants. Supplementation of glutamine is sufficient to extend the chronological life span of wild-type but not of pka1 Delta cells. Supplementation of aspartate, on the other hand, shortens the life span of pka1 Delta but not of wild-type cells. Our results raise the possibility that certain amino acids are biomarkers of aging, and their concentrations during aging can promote or limit cellular life span.

Automated summary

Research shows that changes in amino acid levels can affect the lifespan of nondividing yeast cells during aging, specifically with glutamine decreasing in wild-type cells and aspartate increasing in pka1 mutant cells. Supplementation of certain amino acids can either extend or shorten cellular lifespan.