Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Drishti Ghelani, Simon Alesi, Aya Mousa
Summary: The role of vitamin D in modulating the immune system in the context of COVID-19 has been discussed in research, with evidence suggesting that low levels of vitamin D may lead to poor prognosis but supplementation can help mitigate these effects, although its benefits remain controversial.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ji-Young Kwon, Sung-Goo Kang
Summary: This study investigated the changes in vitamin D levels and deficiency prevalence among Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed an increase in vitamin D levels and a decrease in deficiency prevalence during the pandemic.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rosanna W. Peeling, David L. Heymann, Yik-Ying Teo, Patricia J. Garcia
Summary: Diagnostics play a crucial role in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular tests like PCR are recommended for confirming diagnosis in symptomatic individuals, while antigen rapid detection tests have the advantage of being easier to perform with faster results and lower cost. Antibody tests can inform public policy but should not be used as proof of immunity. All three types of tests continue to be important in transitioning from pandemic response to control.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fatemeh Hadizadeh
Summary: This article discusses the protective role of vitamin D against COVID-19-mediated complications, indicating that vitamin D can induce the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and play a protective role by regulating the immune system.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Md Tanveer Adil, Rumana Rahman, Douglas Whitelaw, Vigyan Jain, Omer Al-Taan, Farhan Rashid, Aruna Munasinghe, Periyathambi Jambulingam
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has caused a global pandemic with high mortality rates. Treatment is primarily supportive, and preventive strategies focus on reducing transmission through contact tracing and hygiene practices.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres, Carlos David Araujo Bichara, Maria de Nazare do Socorro de Almeida, Mariana Cayres Vallinoto, Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz, Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto, Eduardo Jose Melo dos Santos, Carlos Alberto Marques de Carvalho, Antonio Carlos R. Vallinoto
Summary: This article conducts an extensive literature review on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in terms of biology, sociology, genetics, diagnostics, therapeutics, immunology, and socioeconomics. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the major aspects related to the ongoing pandemic.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Priyanka Shah, Gabriela A. Canziani, Erik P. Carter, Irwin Chaiken
Summary: Research suggests that while current focus is on studying the S1 receptor-binding domain in COVID-19 vaccines and therapies, exploring the potential benefits of the more conserved S2 subunit should not be overlooked. Utilizing S2 in treatments and vaccines may enhance the neutralizing potential of antibodies, strengthen memory B-cell and T-cell responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiao Xiao, Chris Newman, Christina D. Buesching, David W. Macdonald, Zhao-Min Zhou
Summary: The study documents the sale of 47,381 individuals from 38 species in Wuhan's markets, noting the absence of pangolins and bats which supports the theory that they are not the source of the COVID-19 pandemic. China implemented a temporary ban on wildlife trade and a permanent ban on eating and trading terrestrial wild animals to protect human health, address past inconsistencies, and benefit global biodiversity conservation and animal welfare.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Daniela Briceno Noriega, Huub F. J. Savelkoul
Summary: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various diseases and may play a role in the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19, particularly in high-risk populations and hospitalized patients.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sazada Siddiqui, Heba Waheeb Saeed Alhamdi, Huda Ahmed Alghamdi
Summary: COVID-19 is highly contagious and has caused major disruptions around the world. Prevention is crucial through measures such as self-isolation and vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel M. Altmann, Rosemary J. Boyton
Summary: A diverse range of first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been successful in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, although inequitable distribution remains an issue. Future challenges include optimizing immunological boosting strategies and building an immune repertoire that can protect against upcoming viral variants.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xianghui Li, Yabo Zhang, Libing He, Jiangzhe Si, Shuai Qiu, Yuhua He, Jiacun Wei, Zhili Wang, Longxiang Xie, Yanzhang Li, Tieshan Teng
Summary: This paper reviews the immunity of SARS-CoV-2, the latest developments in anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs, and explores in detail the immune escape induced by SARS-CoV-2. The findings are expected to provide a basis for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hoda Derakhshanian, Hadith Rastad, Sanjoy Ghosh, Marjan Zeinali, Mahsa Ziaee, Tara Khoeini, Mohsen Farrokhpour, Mostafa Qorbani, Mona Ramezani Ghamsari, Hossein Hasani, Zahra Mirzaasgari
Summary: Vitamin D deficiency may serve as a predictor for poor outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Patients with vitamin D deficiency were found to have a higher likelihood of death, ICU requirement, and invasive mechanical ventilation. Although the association between vitamin D and mechanical ventilation lost significance after adjusting for confounders, the risks of death and ICU requirement remained statistically significant.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Viviane Fongaro Botosso, Soraia Attie Calil Jorge, Renato Mancini Astray, Ana Marcia de Sa Guimaraes, Monica Beatriz Mathor, Patricia dos Santos de Carneiro, Edison Luiz Durigon, Dimas Covas, Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira, Ricardo das Neves Oliveira, Durvanei Augusto Maria, Silas Fernandes Eto, Neuza Maria Frazatti Gallina, Giselle Pidde, Carla Cristina Squaiella-Baptistao, Dilza Trevisan Silva, Isadora Maria Villas-Boas, Dayanne Carla Fernandes, Aline Vivian Vatti Auada, Alexandre Campos Banari, Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho, Camila Bianconi, Carla Lilian de Agostini Utescher, Denise Cristina Andre Oliveira, Douglas Oscar Ceolin Mariano, Flavia Ferreira Barbosa, Giuliana Rondon, Josana Kapronezai, Juliana Galvao da Silva, Mauricio Barbugiani Goldfeder, Priscila Comone, Regis Edgar Castilho Junior, Taiana Taina Silva Pereira, Fan Hui Wen, Denise Tambourgi, Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
Summary: The new outbreak of COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Efforts are being made to find effective treatments, such as using immunoglobulin from immunized animals or plasma from convalescent patients. Clinical trials using anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins from horses immunized with spike protein are underway. Researchers have developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2 equine F(ab ')(2) immunoglobulin that successfully neutralizes the virus, is safe in animal models, and reduces the severity of the disease in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gang Wang, Ze Xiang, Wei Wang, Zhi Chen
Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic has seen a slow increase in vaccination rates and the development of treatments and drugs. Additionally, there is growing evidence of preexisting immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in humans, mainly consisting of antibodies and immune cells. Preexisting immunity can help protect against infection, reduce disease severity, and enhance immune response.
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE B
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Hilda Mayrose, Niranjana Sampathila, G. Muralidhar Bairy, Sushma Belurkar, Kavitha Saravu, Akash Basu, Saman Khan
Summary: Dengue, a vector-borne disease endemic in tropical regions, is diagnosed by manually examining blood smear images. In this study, an intelligent algorithm was developed to automatically classify normal and dengue-infected patients using digital microscopic blood smear images. The proposed system achieved high accuracy and sensitivity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Harry G. Preuss, Gilbert R. Kaats, Nate Mrvichin, Debasis Bagchi, Okezie Aruoma, Jeffrey M. Preuss
Summary: This study investigates the gradual decline of renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with age and its correlation with insulin resistance (IR) and blood pressure. The results show a close relationship between IR, hypertension, and declining GFR, possibly due to the deleterious effects of elevated levels of insulin, glucose, and blood pressure. The study also suggests the possibility of using GFR as a measure of overall human biological aging.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Erfan Alijani, Sonal Sekhar Miraj, Shilia Jacob Kurian, Mahadev Rao, Kavitha Saravu
Summary: This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of cefepime-induced neurotoxicity compared to other antibiotics. The results showed a higher proportion of patients experiencing neurotoxicity with cefepime use, and a significant association was found between cefepime use and neurotoxicity. Patients with renal failure had a higher risk of cefepime-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, caution should be taken when using cefepime, particularly in patients with renal failure, when no other alternatives are available.
CURRENT DRUG SAFETY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Ruby Benson, Mazhuvancherry Kesavan Unnikrishnan, Shilia Jacob Kurian, Saleena Ummer Velladath, Gabriel Sunil Rodrigues, Raghu Chandrashekar Hariharapura, Anju Muraleedharan, Dinesh Bangalore Venkateshiah, Barnini Banerjee, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Aieshel Serafin Johnson, Murali Munisamy, Mahadev Rao, Benson Mathai Kochikuzhyil, Sonal Sekhar Miraj
Summary: Infections are becoming more difficult to treat due to microbes producing biofilms. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with decreased antimicrobial peptides, increased inflammatory cytokines, and biofilm formation, making deficient individuals more susceptible to infection. Adjuvant therapy with vitamin D can help manage infections caused by biofilm-producing microbes due to its immunomodulatory role in inducing antimicrobial peptides and reducing proinflammatory cytokines.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Tejaswini Baral, Shilia Jacob Kurian, Levin Thomas, Chandrashekar Udyavara Kudru, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Kavitha Saravu, Mohan K. Manu, Jitendra Singh, Murali Munisamy, Amit Kumar, Bidita Khandelwal, Mahadev Rao, Sonal Sekhar Miraj
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the differences in gut microbiota status between tuberculosis patients and healthy volunteers, including the impact of the disease itself and its treatment. The study found significant differences in gut microbiota status between the TB and healthy control groups, with the anti-tubercular therapy potentially exacerbating dysbiosis.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hilda Mayrose, G. Muralidhar Bairy, Niranjana Sampathila, Sushma Belurkar, Kavitha Saravu
Summary: This paper proposes an automated method for dengue diagnosis using Artificial Intelligence (AI). It utilizes features extracted from the lymphocyte nucleus and employs supervised learning classifiers for automated detection. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for diagnosing dengue from digital microscopic images.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Parinaz Mehdipour, Megha Rajasekhar, Saber Dini, Sophie Zaloumis, Tesfay Abreha, Ishag Adam, Ghulam Rahim Awab, J. Kevin Baird, Larissa W. Brasil, Cindy S. Chu, Liwang Cui, Andre Daher, Margarete Gomes, Lilia Gonzalez-Ceron, Jimee Hwang, Harin Karunajeewa, Marcus V. G. Lacerda, Simone Ladeia-Andrade, Toby Leslie, Benedikt Ley, Kartini Lidia, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, Rhea J. Longley, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Dhelio B. Pereira, Komal Raj Rijal, Kavitha Saravu, Inge Sutanto, Walter R. J. Taylor, Pham Vinh Thanh, Kamala Thriemer, Jose Luiz F. Vieira, Nicholas J. White, Lina M. Zuluaga-Idarraga, Philippe J. Guerin, Ric N. Price, Julie A. Simpson, Robert J. Commons, WWARN Vivax Adherence Study Grp
Summary: Reduced adherence increases the risk of P. vivax recurrence.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kiran Chunduru, A. R. Manoj, Subhadra Poornima, H. Manjunatha Hande, M. Mridula, George M. Varghese, Ramakrishna Devaki, Kavitha Saravu
Summary: This study investigated the severity of illness in scrub typhus patients in Karnataka, India, and identified the circulating genotypes. The results showed that 44.69% of patients had multi-organ involvement, and it was found that Karp-like strains were associated with respiratory and cardiovascular involvement, as well as thrombocytopenia, requiring higher hospital resource utilization.
Review
Toxicology
Pawan Kumar, Samudra P. P. Banik, Apurva Goel, Sanjoy Chakraborty, Manashi Bagchi, Debasis Bagchi
Summary: Withania somnifera, also known as Ashwagandha or Indian ginseng, has various health-enhancing effects due to the presence of withanolides. Withanolides are mainly found in the leaves, while withanosides are exclusive to the roots. The use of whole plant formulations of Ashwagandha may present the best option for exploring therapeutic benefits.
TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Krishnendu Adhikary, Pradipta Banerjee, Saurav Barman, Bidyut Bandyopadhyay, Debasis Bagchi
Summary: Lemongrass contains various substances with antioxidant and disease-preventing properties. Its essential oil has been shown to improve diabetes and wound healing. Lemongrass has significant industrial potential and its essential oil has various health benefits.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Saptadip Samanta, Sanjoy Chakraborty, Debasis Bagchi
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are a global issue with multiple causes, including genetic predisposition and oxidative stress. Antioxidants, including vitamins and polyphenols, play a protective role against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Diet and medicinal herbs are major sources of antioxidants.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shilia Jacob Kurian, Sara Poikayil Mathews, Abin Paul, Subeesh K. Viswam, Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri, Sonal Sekhar Miraj, Shubhada Karanth
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association of serum ferritin levels with disease severity and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, as well as to assess its potential as a predictor for disease severity. The results showed that moderate to severe COVID-19 patients had elevated ferritin levels, and patients with ferritin values greater than 287.4 ng/ml were more likely to develop moderate to severe infections.
CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sonal Sekhar Miraj, Shilia Jacob Kurian, Gabriel Sunil Rodrigues, Kavitha Saravu, Mahadev Rao, Siba Prasad Raychaudhuri, Bernard W. Downs, Debasis Bagchi
Summary: Despite advancements in wound care, effectively treating chronic diabetic ulcers remains challenging. Recent evidence suggests that phytomedicines have the potential to prevent or repair cellular damage seen in chronic wounds. These phytochemicals stimulate fibroblast proliferation, induce collagen synthesis, migration, and reepithelization, and possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Phytotherapy, with its minimal toxicity compared to synthetic therapeutic agents, shows promise in managing diabetic foot ulcers.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Mahadev Rao, Kurt Wollenberg, Michael Harris, Shrivathsa Kulavalli, Levin Thomas, Kiran Chawla, Vishnu Prasad Shenoy, Muralidhar Varma, Kavitha Saravu, H. Manjunatha Hande, Chidananda Sanju Shanthigrama Vasudeva, Brendan Jeffrey, Andrei Gabrielian, Alex Rosenthal
Summary: Whole-genome sequencing has provided a comprehensive picture of genetic polymorphisms in tuberculosis, but studies in high tuberculosis burden countries are lacking. This study performed whole-genome sequencing on 242 clinical isolates from a hospital in Southern India and identified several mutations associated with drug resistance. The study highlights the value of whole-genome sequencing as a supplemental tool and suggests further research directions.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)