Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vahid A. Hosseini, Kjell Hurtig, Daniel Gonzalez, James Oliver, Nicklas Folkeson, Mattias Thuvander, Kristina Lindgren, Leif Karlsson
Summary: The complex precipitation behavior of Cu-rich particles (CRPs) in continuously cooled and quench-aged super duplex stainless steel was investigated and simulated. Different precipitation patterns were observed based on cooling rates, with slow cooling leading to nonuniform multimodal CRP precipitation and spinodal decomposition, while fast cooling resulted in more uniform precipitation of CRPs. Cu depletion in the ferrite next to CRPs during growth was observed, indicating Cu diffusion to austenite. By comparing analysis from APT and simulation, the effective Cu diffusion coefficient during early-stage precipitation was found to be significantly higher than the Cu diffusion coefficient in ferrite. The study highlights the factors contributing to the complexity of CRP precipitation in duplex stainless steels, including the nonuniform distribution of Cu in ferrite, duplex structure, and partitioning of alloying elements among phases.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Vahid A. Hosseini, Mattias Thuvander, Kristina Lindgren, James Oliver, Nicklas Folkeson, Daniel Gonzalez, Sezgin Cengiz, Leif Karlsson
Summary: This study investigates the influence of hot-rolling, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), welding, and copper content on 475°C embrittlement in super duplex stainless steels. The results show that hot rolling and HIP accelerate phase separation and precipitation of copper-rich particles (CRPs), leading to significant toughness loss. In contrast, welding shows preserved toughness after short aging. Increasing copper content slows down phase separation but increases CRP number density and decreases toughness. The precipitation simulation of CRPs suggests that the model needs to be modified based on each processing condition.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mujin Yang, Daniel J. M. King, Ivan Postugar, Yuren Wen, Junhua Luan, Bernd Kuhn, Zengbao Jiao, Cuiping Wang, M. R. Wenman, Xingjun Liu
Summary: A series of G-phase strengthened ferritic stainless steels Fe-20Cr-3Ni-3Si-X were characterized after aging, showing sluggish precipitation of Ni16Mn6Si7 G-phase and early precipitation of superfine Ni16Mn6Si G-phase in the Ti containing alloy. The G-phases exhibited particle coarsening without chemical composition evolution up to 96 h of aging, while a significant hardness increase was observed. The findings provide valuable insight for developing future high strength steels.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Staffan Hertzman, Reza Naraghi, Sten Wessman, Rachel Pettersson, Ulrika Borggren, Jan Y. Jonsson, Niklas Hollander Pettersson, Mina Khoda Karami, Ali Kohan-Zade
Summary: Adding nitrogen to high-performance stainless steels improves strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability. Reliable databases are crucial for developing new stainless steels. A series of experiments were conducted to calibrate existing thermodynamic data, with results compared to equilibrium calculations.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. C. Niu, K. Yang, J. H. Luan, W. Wang, Z. B. Jiao
Summary: Control of the formation and stability of reverted austenite is critical in achieving a favorable combination of strength, ductility, and toughness in high-strength steels. The effects of Cu precipitation on the austenite reversion and mechanical properties of maraging stainless steels were investigated. Cu accelerates the austenite reversion kinetics by increasing the equilibrium austenite fraction and serving as heterogeneous nucleation sites. Cu precipitation hardening compensates the strength drop induced by the formation of soft reverted austenite.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
B. C. Zhou, T. Yang, G. Zhou, H. Wang, J. H. Luan, Z. B. Jiao
Summary: The study demonstrates that copper is effective in promoting continuous NiAl precipitation and suppressing discontinuous precipitation in NiAl-strengthened steels, leading to improved mechanical properties. The mechanisms involved Cu partitioning and segregation have been quantitatively evaluated, highlighting the significant enhancement in yield strength and ductility of the new NiAl-strengthened steels.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jose Villegas-Tovar, Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio, Maria Lara-Banda, Erick Maldonado-Bandala, Miguel Angel Baltazar-Zamora, Jose Cabral-Miramontes, Demetrio Nieves-Mendoza, Javier Olguin-Coca, Francisco Estupinan-Lopez, Facundo Almeraya-Calderon
Summary: Precipitation-hardening stainless steels (PHSS) are widely used in aerospace applications due to their excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. The electrochemical behavior of PHSS passivated with citric and nitric acid baths was studied in NaCl and H2SO4 solutions, revealing the presence of pseudo-passivation and secondary passivation mechanisms.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Oliver Samaniego-Gamez, Facundo Almeraya-Calderon, Jose Chacon-Nava, Erick Maldonado-Bandala, Demetrio Nieves-Mendoza, Juan Pablo Flores-De los Rios, Jesus Manuel Jaquez-Munoz, Anabel D. Delgado, Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio
Summary: Custom 450 stainless steel and AM 350 stainless steel are both precipitation hardening stainless steels widely used in aerospace applications. Passivated CUSTOM 450 stainless steel exhibited the best corrosion behavior, while AM 350 stainless steel is suitable for applications requiring high strength and corrosion resistance simultaneously.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lucie Jacquet, Nicolas Meyer, Maximilien Libert, Frederic De Geuser, Muriel Braccini, Rafael Estevez, Marc Mantel
Summary: The mechanical brittleness of ferritic steels at temperatures close to ambient temperature is affected by precipitation and grain size. Six model microstructures with different elements additions and thermal treatments were developed to analyze the formation of precipitates and the behavior of interstitial elements in the ferritic matrix at a fine scale. The understanding of these microstructures is crucial for understanding the mechanical behavior of the alloys.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Liming Tan, Zexin Wang, Yunping Li, Yong Liu, Feng Liu
Summary: In this study, the strengthening effects of the face centered cubic epsilon-Cu phase precipitated in both fine and coarse grains of oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steels were evaluated using aging hardening method to further enhance the mechanical properties.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. Hure, A. Courcelle, I. Turque
Summary: Swelling is commonly observed in austenitic stainless steels irradiated at high doses and high temperatures, and it can lead to macroscopic embrittlement. This study presents an experimental database and theoretical analysis to investigate the fatigue mechanisms induced by swelling and the effects of structural factors. The results provide insights into the mechanical perspective of swelling-induced embrittlement.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tayfun Soysal, Berke Erk
Summary: Solidification cracking is a concern in welding stainless steels. This study predicts the susceptibility of different types of stainless steels to solidification cracking using a sensitivity index. The results show that the index can be successfully used for stainless steels and provides valuable insights for optimization and verification.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Peng-Chong Lu, Hua-Bing Li, Hao Feng, Zhou-Hua Jiang, Hong-Chun Zhu, Zhuang-Zhuang Liu, Tong He
Summary: This study systematically investigated the formation mechanism of AlN inclusions in high-nitrogen stainless bearing steels, finding that the concentration product of Al and N exceeding the critical solubility can lead to their formation. The precipitation of Cr2N and the low diffusion coefficient of Al in the alpha phase restrict the precipitation of AlN during annealing, while AlN and AlN-MnS composite inclusions can precipitate during austenitizing.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Chen, Jonathan Tatman, Zhili Feng, Roger Miller, Stephanie Curlin, Tao Dai, Keyou Mao, Benjamin Sutton, Greg Frederick
Summary: This study explores improved laser welding techniques, including the ABSI technique, to reduce or prevent intergranular helium-induced cracking in irradiated stainless steels. Results show that these techniques effectively decrease the size and quantity of microscopic cracks.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
B. Malki, I. Guillotte, B. Baroux
Summary: This paper presents a novel method for deriving metastable Pourbaix diagrams of Fe-Cr alloys using Density Functional Theory calculations, aiming to understand the thermodynamic equilibria within passive films more comprehensively. The method incorporates nonequilibrium effects as a corrective factor and highlights the significant role of nucleation conditions in stabilizing the inner layers of passive films. The proposed reaction scheme elucidates the enhanced corrosion protective properties of passive films under pulsed polarization conditions.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tao Zhou, Revathy Prasath Babu, Ziyong Hou, Peter Hedstrom
Summary: Precipitation hardening is a crucial strengthening mechanism in metallic materials, with control of precipitation vital for optimizing mechanical performance and other requirements. An integrated approach of theory, computations, and experimental characterization is currently in the spotlight for this purpose. The transmission electron microscope is the most versatile tool for characterizing precipitation, providing detailed information on precipitate structure and morphology.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN SOLID STATE AND MATERIALS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Rongbin Li, Hongde Xia, Qian Huang, Peter Hedstrom, Wangzhong Mu, Kai Wei, Fengqin Liu, Hongliang Zhao
Summary: Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis for multi-component gas phase reaction processes is a complex nonlinear problem with multiple inputs and outputs. Conventional linear calibration and analytical methods may lead to misjudgment of reaction mechanisms and inaccuracies in determining reaction kinetics. This study confirms the nonlinearity of mass spectrometry and proposes methods to properly handle the nonlinearity, allowing accurate determination of physical parameters and characterization of reaction mechanisms and dynamics.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jianling Liu, Yadunandan Das, Stephen M. King, Jan Y. Jonsson, Sten Wessman, Peter Hedstrom
Summary: This study investigated the effects of cooling rate after solution treatment on the initial structure and the subsequent phase separation (PS) evolution during aging of super duplex stainless steel. The results showed that the different cooling rates resulted in different initial structures, which in turn affected the rate of phase separation during aging. In addition, pronounced phase separation was observed after aging at 475 degrees C for 180 min, and a slower cooling rate after solution treatment promoted more significant phase separation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Erik Claesson, Hans Magnusson, Joachim Kohlbrecher, Mattias Thuvander, Fredrik Lindberg, Magnus Andersson, Peter Hedstrom
Summary: Two industrially processed low-alloyed martensitic tool steel alloys were characterized to study their precipitation behavior. The results show that complex precipitation sequences occur in these materials during processing, and the high number density of Mo-rich secondary carbides is essential for strengthening these tool steels.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chrysoula Ioannidou, Hans-Henrik Konig, Nick Semjatov, Ulf Ackelid, Peter Staron, Carolin Koerner, Peter Hedstrom, Greta Lindwall
Summary: Additive Manufacturing (AM), including Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), Electron beam-Powder Bed Fusion (E-PBF), and Directed Energy Deposition (DED), is a significant technology for manufacturing metallic materials. In-situ synchrotron X-ray characterization is a suitable tool for understanding the microstructure evolution during these processes. This article provides an overview of the research on metal PBF and DED using in-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging, diffraction, and small-angle scattering, highlighting the state of the art, instrumentation, challenges, and knowledge gaps.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jianling Liu, Yadunandan Das, R. Prasath Babu, Sten Wessman, Jan Y. Jonsson, Joakim Odqvist, Stephen M. King, Peter Hedstrom
Summary: The nanoscale phase separation in the ferrite phase of super duplex stainless steel weldments was quantitatively investigated, and the results showed that the phase separation was more pronounced in the weldments, which could be attributed to the higher chemical element content and residual strain in the weldments.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Monika Rolinska, Fredrik Gustavsson, Peter Hedstrom
Summary: The extraction replica technique is a useful method for preparing transmission electron microscopy samples, which eliminates the influence of the surrounding matrix on compositional or crystallographic analysis. This study summarizes the techniques for extracting various precipitates from different alloys and compares the efficiency of the direct replica method with the two-stage replica method. The results indicate that the direct method has a higher particle extraction efficiency for smaller particles and also facilitates the analysis of other features in certain cases.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Adam Stahlkrantz, Peter Hedstrom, Niklas Sarius, Annika Borgenstam
Summary: Variant pairing in bainite was investigated in four different commercial low alloy steels with varying carbon content and austempering temperatures. The results showed that the most frequent variant pairing changed with temperature and carbon content, with V1-V6 being most common at lower temperatures. However, as the austempering temperature increased, variant pairings with lower misorientation boundaries such as V1-V4 and V1-V8 became more prevalent. Additionally, higher carbon content in the steel resulted in a less pronounced preferred variant pairing at intermediate temperatures. The study also observed a continuous increase in variant pairing within the same Bain group with increasing austempering temperature for all steels, along with an increase in deviation from the theoretical Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Kohne, Tuerdi Maimaitiyili, Aimo Winkelmann, Emad Maawad, Peter Hedstrom, Annika Borgenstam
Summary: The martensitic transformation in a high carbon steel was studied using a new experimental approach, focusing on the nucleation, growth, and variant pairing of the early-formed martensite. It was found that the early-formed martensite predominantly grew along the prior austenite grain boundaries and had a stronger plate character compared to the later-formed martensite.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chenchong Wang, Kaiyu Zhu, Peter Hedstrom, Yong Li, Wei Xu
Summary: In this study, a generic model for predicting the martensite start temperature (M-s) was developed using deep data mining and deep learning methods. By integrating thermodynamic calculations, traditional machine learning, and deep learning modeling, the final model showed excellent generalizability and extensibility.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ahmad Kermanpur, R. Prasath Babu, Henrik Larsson, Vasyl Ryukhtin, Peter Hedstrom
Summary: The temporal evolution of nanoscale strengthening precipitates in LPBF IN718 superalloy was studied using thermodynamic modeling, electron microscopy, and SANS. The results suggest that a shorter ageing treatment can be used for LPBF IN718 alloy compared to conventionally manufactured alloys.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guanghui Yang, Jiyeon Kang, Amanda Carsbring, Wangzhong Mu, Peter Hedstrom, Jin-Kyung Kim, Joo Hyun Park
Summary: The precipitation of Cr-rich BCC particles was found to be dependent on the chemical composition of Fe-Cr-Ni medium entropy alloys. These particles played a significant role in the hardening of the alloys. The different precipitation behaviors at two temperatures resulted in variations in grain size distribution and hardness.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Kohne, Johan Fahlkrans, Albin Stormvinter, Emad Maawad, Aimo Winkelmann, Peter Hedstrom, Annika Borgenstam
Summary: The martensitic transformation in high-carbon steels with different cooling rates was studied through in situ and ex situ experiments. The results showed that the cooling rate and the steel's Ms had a significant impact on the transformation, affecting the tetragonality and phase fraction of martensite formed. Slower cooling rates resulted in a decrease in average tetragonality and a lower fraction of martensite at room temperature but an increase in autotempered martensite. The distribution of martensite tetragonality was found to be heterogeneous for all cooling rates.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tim Fischer, Carl F. O. Dahlberg, Peter Hedstrom
Summary: This paper investigates the cyclic deformation behavior in lath martensite-based high-strength steels using a crystal plasticity finite element method. It is found that both the Hutchinson and Chaboche-Cailletaud flow rules can accurately predict the local stress and strain distributions within the hierarchical martensitic microstructure. However, using the Hutchinson flow rule improves computational performance and leads to a re-distribution of the bimodal local stresses at a lower stress level when assuming plastic deformation on the {112}(111) slip system.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V. Lamelas, M. Bonvalet Rolland, M. Walbruhl, A. Borgenstam
Summary: Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) is an efficient tool for understanding the process-structure-property relationships and designing materials. In this study, an ICME-based approach is proposed to redefine the processability limits of cemented carbides by considering the cooling rate and initial powder size. The method involves the interactive coupling of adapted models and tools to study the complex mechanisms happening during microstructural evolution, providing new inputs for the design of cemented carbides.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
