Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Reza Ranjbar, Saeed Niazi Vahdati, Sara Tavakoli, Reza Khodaie, Hossein Behboudi
Summary: Recent studies have shown the important role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in maintaining gut microbiota balance and regulating immune functions, especially in responding to bacterial infections.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qi Hui Sam, Hua Ling, Wen Shan Yew, Zhaohong Tan, Sharada Ravikumar, Matthew Wook Chang, Louis Yi Ann Chai
Summary: Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) have divergent immunomodulatory propensities, with SCFA down-attenuating pro-inflammatory response through the TLR4 pathway, while MCFA augmenting inflammation through TLR2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Karolina Szacherska, Krzysztof Moraczewski, Sylwester Czaplicki, Piotr Oleskowicz-Popiel, Justyna Mozejko-Ciesielska
Summary: This study evaluated the use of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SMCFAs) derived from acid whey fermentation for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. Pseudomonas sp. GL06 showed the highest tolerance to SMCFAs and produced PHAs with the highest productivity. Further research revealed that PHA monomeric composition varied with bacterial strain and growth medium. The copolymer made of 3-hydroxybutyric, -hexanoic, -octanoic, -decanoic, and -dodecanoic exhibited promising properties.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Valentin Sencio, Alexandre Gallerand, Marina Gomes Machado, Lucie Deruyter, Severine Heumel, Daphnee Soulard, Johanna Barthelemy, Celine Cuinat, Angelica T. Vieira, Adeline Barthelemy, Luciana P. Tavares, Rodolphe Guinamard, Stoyan Ivanov, Corinne Grangette, Mauro M. Teixeira, Benoit Foligne, Isabelle Wolowczuk, Ronan Le Goffic, Muriel Thomas, Francois Trottein
Summary: Viral respiratory infections can lead to extrapulmonary complications, such as gut disorders, which have a potentially critical impact on health. Gut inflammation and barrier dysfunction during influenza are associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and decreased production of SCFAs, both of which can be partially countered by SCFA supplementation.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Keita Kouzu, Hironori Tsujimoto, Yoji Kishi, Hideki Ueno, Nariyoshi Shinomiya
Summary: Gut microbiota is closely associated with the onset and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, and bacterial translocation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of these cancers.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Cristina Higueras, Ana I. Rey, Rosa Escudero, David Diaz-Reganon, Fernando Rodriguez-Franco, Mercedes Garcia-Sancho, Beatriz Agulla, Angel Sainz
Summary: Food-responsive enteropathy (FRE) is the most common diagnosis for dogs with chronic enteropathy, and there is currently no test that can replace treatment trials. This study found changes in the fatty acid profiles of plasma and feces in sick dogs, and high correlations between certain compounds and existing indices. Dogs with FRE had different fatty acid profiles compared to healthy dogs, both in plasma and feces. These findings highlight the importance of fatty acids, particularly fecal parameters, in diagnosing and evaluating the inflammatory status of dogs.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Li-Jen Lin, Mukesh Saini, Chung-Jen Chiang, Yun-Peng Chao
Summary: In this study, a whole cell biocatalysis system was used to produce short-chain alcohols from fatty acids. Escherichia coli strain was reprogrammed to improve biocatalytic activity, resulting in successful production of 1-propanol and n-pentanol.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Iris Trefflich, Stefan Dietrich, Annett Braune, Klaus Abraham, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: This study compared concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, and fecal pH between vegans and omnivores, finding no significant differences in SCFA and BCFA concentrations but lower fecal pH and ammonia concentration in vegans. The results suggest that bacterial functionality may be adapted to varying nutrient availability in these diets.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hyeonho Lee, Sung-Ju Im, Chang-min Kim, Am Jang
Summary: The transport behavior difference between virgin and supported liquid membrane contactors and the selectivity of medium-chain fatty acids in the supported liquid membrane contactors were studied. The results showed that the transport flux and selectivity of medium-chain fatty acids were significantly improved in the supported liquid PVDF membrane.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Ting Chou, Wei-Chih Kan, Chih-Chung Shiao
Summary: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and gut dysbiosis have a bidirectional relationship, but the mechanisms behind this interaction are not clear. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of this bidirectional interplay and discusses AKI treatment based on it. Macrophages, neutrophils, and T helper type 17 cells play crucial roles in AKI-induced gut dysbiosis. Dysbiosis-induced overproduction of gut-derived uremic toxins and insufficient generation of short-chain fatty acids are the main factors worsening AKI. Improving the gut microbiome to break this vicious cycle is a potential treatment for AKI.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Silke Matysik, Sabrina Krautbauer, Gerhard Liebisch, Hans-Frieder Schott, Louise Kjolbaek, Arne Astrup, Francois Blachier, Martin Beaumont, Max Nieuwdorp, Annick Hartstra, Simone Rampelli, Uberto Pagotto, Patricia Iozzo
Summary: This study quantified the concentrations of faecal sterol species, bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids in 165 study participants. Participants were classified as low or high converters based on their coprostanol/cholesterol ratio, with low converters excreting more straight-chain fatty acids and bile acids. Concentration ranges of 16 faecal metabolites were provided as reference values, showing significant differences in faecal metabolites between high and low sterol converter groups.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Yueming Zhao, Qingjing Liu, Yanmei Hou, Yiqing Zhao
Summary: This study found that gut microbial regulatory treatments can alleviate constipation symptoms in mice, including shortening the time to first black stool, increasing fecal water content, promoting intestinal motility, and raising serum motilin level. These treatments also altered gut microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria-Adriana Neag, Anca-Elena Craciun, Andreea-Ioana Inceu, Diana-Elena Burlacu, Cristian-Ioan Craciun, Anca-Dana Buzoianu
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease with gastrointestinal symptoms caused by the enteric nervous system, which functions independently of the central nervous system. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bacterial metabolites of gut microbiota, modulate the enteric nervous system and have beneficial effects on diabetes. However, the specific nutraceuticals to increase SCFAs and achieve these effects are uncertain. Further studies are needed to understand the modulation of gut dysbiosis with SCFAs in diabetes, as well as the interplay between gut microbiota and the enteric nervous system.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carmen Gonzalez-Bosch, Emily Boorman, Patricia A. Zunszain, Giovanni E. Mann
Summary: SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids derived from colonic bacteria and diet, have beneficial effects on human health related to their metabolic and signaling properties. They play a role in protecting against oxidative and mitochondrial stress, regulating metabolic pathways, and inducing signaling pathways such as Nrf2 to maintain redox homeostasis. Additionally, SCFAs may have potential as nutritional and therapeutic agents in various diseases including diabetes, neuropathologies, and cancer.
Review
Cell Biology
Dan Zhang, Yong-Ping Jian, Yu-Ning Zhang, Yao Li, Li-Ting Gu, Hui-Hui Sun, Ming-Di Liu, Hong-Lan Zhou, Yi-Shu Wang, Zhi-Xiang Xu
Summary: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the gut. They are absorbed by substrate transporters and play important roles in cellular metabolism. SCFAs are vital fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and influence molecular processes such as blood glucose regulation and IEC function. They also affect intestinal motility, barrier function, and host metabolism, and play regulatory roles in local and peripheral metabolism. Major SCFAs like acetate, propionate, and butyrate are involved in immunity, apoptosis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. This review highlights the diverse functional roles of SCFAs and their impact on intestines, metabolism, and diseases.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)