期刊
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
卷 406, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124304
关键词
Electrokinetic remediation; Microbiota; Abiotic removal; Clay soil; Pharmaceuticals and personal care products
资金
- European Union [778045]
- European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [UIDB/04085/2020, UIDB/04612/2020, UIDP/04612/2020]
- FCT [SFRH/BPD/114660/2016]
- project CEMOWAS2 [SOE2/P5/F0505]
- [CEECIND/04210/2017]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/114660/2016] Funding Source: FCT
This study found that electrokinetic had a certain promoting effect on the removal of emerging contaminants in clay soil, especially for those contaminants that are recalcitrant to biodegradation. However, after long-term treatment, electrokinetics may lead to pH alterations that decrease bioremediation efficiency.
This study analyses the electrokinetic (EK) contribution to the removal from a clay soil of a mixture of 10 different contaminants of emerging concern (CECs; 17 beta-estradiol, E2; sulfamethoxazole, SMX; bisphenol A, BPA; ibuprofen, IBU; 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol, EE2; oxybenzone, OXY; diclofenac, DCF; triclosan, TCS; caffeine, CAF; carbamazepine, CBZ). After 4 days, the CECs natural attenuation was between 0% (CBZ) and 90% (E2) yet increasing with the application of EK (20 mA, 12 h ON/OFF) to 14% (CBZ) and 100% (E2). When EK was applied, the CECs more recalcitrant to biodegradation (i.e. <= 13% biotic decay) mostly underwent electrochemical induced degradation (OXY, DCF, TCS, CAF, CBZ). Daily irrigation enhanced the rates of the electrooxidation -osmosis and -migration, increasing the CECs decay. After 8 days of EK treatment, the CECs decay increased, surpassing the decay lag phase of some compounds (OXY, TCS, and CBZ). Yet after 16 days, most CECs showed similar removals with and without EK, with EK only acting positively on SMX, OXY, TCS and CBZ (ca. +10%). Our results support that EK application can improve the removal of CECs from soil, however, under the conditions tested, 16-day treatment lead to pH alterations that decreased the bioremediation efficiency and inhibited electro-degradation near the cathode.
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