Article
Virology
Ulrike Seeburg, Lorena Urda, Fabian Otte, Martin J. Lett, Silvia Caimi, Christian Mittelholzer, Thomas Klimkait
Summary: Numerous mammalian viruses are analyzed in clinical diagnostic laboratories worldwide or used as important model systems in viral research. The safety and completeness of virus inactivation methods are still not fully proven. It has been found that a 30-minute incubation with formaldehyde at room temperature can effectively inactivate all tested enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. All buffers achieved full inactivation of HIV-1 and ECHO-11, while only five of the seven lysis buffers were fully effective for SARS-CoV-2 and AdV-5 under the tested conditions.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Marica Grossegesse, Paula Leupold, Joerg Doellinger, Lars Schaade, Andreas Nitsche
Summary: This study tested five different proteomics lysis buffers for their inactivation capacity of coronaviruses, with results showing that at room temperature, SDS, SDC, and TFA successfully inactivated both coronaviruses, while GdmCl and urea resulted in partially incomplete inactivation.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Vikram Saini, Priya Kalra, Manish Sharma, Chhavi Rai, Vikas Saini, Kamini Gautam, Sankar Bhattacharya, Shailendra Mani, Kanchan Saini, Sunil Kumar
Summary: Equitable and timely access to COVID-19-related care is a major challenge in developing and low-income countries. Infrastructural constraints in India limit access to COVID-19 molecular diagnostics. The development of a cold chain-independent sample collection and transport medium (SSTM) has significantly improved diagnostic sensitivity.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Veera Avelin, Susanna Sissonen, Ilkka Julkunen, Pamela Oesterlund
Summary: The objective of this study was to determine the inactivation efficiency of common sample preparation reagents against highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5N1 virus. Based on the results, RLT buffer, 90% MeOH, and 4% PFA all completely inactivated the HPAI H5N1 virus, while RIPA buffer alone was not sufficient.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Heidi Auerswald, Sokhoun Yann, Sokha Dul, Saraden In, Philippe Dussart, Nicholas J. Martin, Erik A. Karlsson, Jose A. Garcia-Rivera
Summary: Proper handling of samples infected with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial, especially in resource-limited settings where chemical and physical inactivation techniques can effectively reduce the risk of handling live virus.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ruth E. Thom, Lin S. Eastaugh, Lyn M. O'Brien, David O. Ulaeto, James S. Findlay, Sophie J. Smither, Amanda L. Phelps, Helen L. Stapleton, Karleigh A. Hamblin, Simon A. Weller
Summary: The study examined the inactivation efficacy of commercial lysis buffers on SARS-CoV-2, with one particular buffer mix containing GITC, a detergent, and isopropanol showing the lowest inactivation efficacy. Buffer mixes from other kits reduced viral titres, but did not completely inactivate the virus.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Min Li, Jiahuan Li, Yunlong Yang, Wenhui Liu, Zhihui Liang, Guanyu Ding, Xiaohe Chen, Qi Song, Changying Xue, Bingbing Sun
Summary: The study demonstrates that 254 nm ultraviolet-C (UVC) is an effective method to inactivate coronavirus, with an inactivation rate of up to 99.99%. Mechanistic study shows that UVC induces damage to spike proteins and genome, which affects virus attachment and replication processes.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xue Wang, Shiyi Sun, Boxin Zhang, Jie Han
Summary: Current disinfection methods for shared public transportation in densely populated cities have limitations due to the risk of viral transmission, and there is a need for alternative strategies that are adapted to actual usage situations.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nikhil Dhabarde, Svetlana Khaiboullina, Timsy Uppal, Kabita Adhikari, Subhash C. Verma, Vaidyanathan Ravi Subramanian
Summary: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of TiO2 nanotubes (T_NTs) in photocalytic inactivation of human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. T_NTs with different structural features were prepared and shown to completely inactivate the viruses within 30 seconds. The cyclic stability of T_NTs was also observed. These findings are significant for developing self-disinfecting surfaces to reduce virus transmission.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jonathan C. Brown, Maya Moshe, Alex Blackwell, Wendy S. Barclay
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 transmission remains a global issue with significant direct costs to public health. This study demonstrates that chlorinated water adhering to UK swimming pool guidelines can effectively reduce the infectious titre of SARS-CoV-2, providing a positive impact on public health.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Jose Lista, Pedro M. Matos, Thomas J. A. Maguire, Kate Poulton, Elena Ortiz-Zapater, Robert Page, Helin Sertkaya, Ana M. Ortega-Prieto, Edward Scourfield, Aoife M. O'Byrne, Clement Bouton, Ruth E. Dickenson, Mattia Ficarelli, Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeno, Mark Howard, Gilberto Betancor, Rui Pedro Galao, Suzanne Pickering, Adrian W. Signell, Harry Wilson, Penelope Cliff, Mark Tan Kia Ik, Amita Patel, Eithne MacMahon, Emma Cunningham, Katie Doores, Monica Agromayor, Juan Martin-Serrano, Esperanza Perucha, Hannah E. Mischo, Manu Shankar-Hari, Rahul Batra, Jonathan Edgeworth, Mark Zuckerman, Michael H. Malim, Stuart Neil, Rocio Teresa Martinez-Nunez
Summary: The study provides multiple workflows for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in clinical samples by comparing different commercially available RNA extraction methods and RT-qPCR reagents. Beckman performed better with primer-probe combinations, and Luna reagent showed the highest sensitivity. Additionally, heat treatment of nasopharyngeal swabs can effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 without affecting qPCR sensitivity, making testing more portable in non-CL-3 facilities.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Oi Wah Liew, Felic Fanusi, Jessica Yan Xia Ng, Bintou Ahmadou Ahidjo, Samantha Shi Min Ling, Shera Lilyanna, Jenny Pek Ching Chong, Angeline Eng Siew Lim, Wei Zheng Lim, Sindhu Ravindran, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Shir Lynn Lim, Arthur Mark Richards
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of different methods, including heat, detergents, and solvent-detergent combinations, for inactivating SARS-CoV-2 in plasma and their impact on immunoassays. The solvent-detergent treatment using 0.3% TNBP/1% Triton X-100 was found to be compatible with more than half of the immunoassays tested and effectively reduced the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in plasma.
Article
Virology
Alexander S. Jureka, Caroline G. Williams, Christopher E. Basler
Summary: The study demonstrates that broad-spectrum, pulsed UV light is an effective technology for inactivating SARS-CoV-2 on various surfaces. The UV dose needed for inactivation varies on different surfaces.
Article
Virology
Chun Kiat Lee, Jason Wei Ming Tham, Siyu Png, Chean Nee Chai, Shu Chi Ng, Eunice Jia Min Tan, Li Jie Ng, Rui Ping Chua, Musa Sani, Yiqi Seow, Gabriel Yan, Julian Tang
Summary: In nasopharyngeal swab samples, there are variations in the performance of six different assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2, with TaqPath and cobas assays being the most sensitive and ARIES assay being the least sensitive. Further optimization may be required for the ARIES assay before implementation in testing laboratories.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lily X. Li, Ruth H. Nissly, Anand Swaminathan, Ian M. Bird, Nina R. Boyle, Meera Surendran Nair, Denver I. Greenawalt, Abhinay Gontu, Victoria S. Cavener, Ty Sornberger, James D. Freihaut, Suresh V. Kuchipudi, William P. Bahnfleth
Summary: Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is highly effective at inactivating bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In this study, the susceptibility of two human coronaviruses (NL63 and SARS-CoV-2) to 254 nm UV-C radiation was investigated. The inactivation rate constants were determined to be 2.050 cm2/mJ and 2.098 cm2/mJ for NL63 and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. Doses of 1.1 mJ/cm2, 2.2 mJ/cm2, and 3.3 mJ/cm2 would result in 90%, 99%, and 99.9% inactivation of SARS-CoV-2. The study suggests that 254 nm UV-C is effective for inactivating human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Michael K. Lo, Jessica R. Spengler, Stephen R. Welch, Jessica R. Harmon, Joann D. Coleman-McCray, Florine E. M. Scholte, Punya Shrivastava-Ranjan, Joel M. Montgomery, Stuart T. Nichol, Drew Weissman, Christina F. Spiropoulou
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Sarah C. Genzer, Stephen R. Welch, Florine E. M. Scholte, Jessica R. Harmon, Joann D. Coleman-McCray, Michael K. Lo, Joel M. Montgomery, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Jessica R. Spengler
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Correction
Immunology
Stephen R. Welch, Florine E. M. Scholte, Jessica R. Harmon, JoAnn D. Coleman-Mccray, Michael K. Lo, Joel M. Montgomery, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Jessica R. Spengler
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
G. Moore, H. Rickard, D. Stevenson, P. Aranega-Bou, J. Pitman, A. Crook, K. Davies, A. Spencer, C. Burton, L. Easterbrook, H. E. Love, S. Summers, S. R. Welch, N. Wand, K-a. Thompson, T. Pottage, K. S. Richards, J. Dunning, A. Bennett
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2020)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Katherine Davies, Hubert Buczkowski, Stephen R. Welch, Nicole Green, Damian Mawer, Neil Woodford, Allen D. G. Roberts, Peter J. Nixon, David W. Seymour, Marian J. Killip
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of seven commercially available mouthwashes in inactivating SARS-CoV-2, showing significant reductions in viral titres with specific mouthwash formulations. Mouthwashes containing stabilised hypochlorous acid, povidone iodine, and alcohol-based or alcohol-free formulations were effective, while those containing hydrogen peroxide or chlorhexidine gluconate were not effective. These findings have important implications for infection control in dental settings and beyond.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jane Burton, Hannah Love, Kevin Richards, Christopher Burton, Sian Summers, James Pitman, Linda Easterbrook, Katherine Davies, Peter Spencer, Marian Killip, Patricia Cane, Christine Bruce, Allen D. G. Roberts
Summary: Heat treatment can effectively reduce the viability of SARS-CoV-2, but the outcome varies significantly depending on the temperature and duration. Local validation is crucial for assessing the efficacy of heat-inactivation in molecular testing.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Stephen R. Welch, Jessica R. Spengler, Sarah C. Genzer, Payel Chatterjee, Mike Flint, Eric Bergeron, Joel M. Montgomery, Stuart T. Nichol, Cesar G. Albarino, Christina F. Spiropoulou
Summary: A recombinant reporter virus system was developed to evaluate antiviral compounds against the highly pathogenic Lujo virus, identifying six compounds with robust anti-LUJV activity, including potential new pan-arenavirus antivirals. This provides critical evidence for developing broad-spectrum antivirals against high-consequence arenaviruses.
Article
Microbiology
Natasha L. Tilston-Lunel, Stephen R. Welch, Sham Nambulli, Rory D. de Vries, Gregory W. Ho, David E. Wentworth, Reed Shabman, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Rik L. de Swart, Linda J. Rennick, W. Paul Duprex
Summary: This study successfully identified and generated Defective Interfering Particles (DIPs) for canine distemper virus in vitro, demonstrating their interference with viral replication and sustained replication in experimentally infected animals. The established pipeline for detection, generation, and assaying DIPs can be transferred to other highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses for further assessment of therapeutic effects.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine Davies, Ulrike Arnold, Hubert Buczkowski, Christopher Burton, Stephen R. Welch, Nicole Green, Rhea Strachan, Tracy Beetar-King, Peter Spencer, Nipunadi Hettiarachchi, Matthew J. Hannah, Matthew Jones, Patricia A. Cane, Christine B. Bruce, Neil Woodford, Allen D. G. Roberts, Marian J. Killip
Summary: The study evaluated the inactivation effectiveness of 24 next-generation nucleic acid extraction lysis buffers and 12 rapid antigen test buffers against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting significant safety implications for diagnostic testing of COVID-19 and supporting evidence-based risk assessment and procedure design.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Catalina Forero, Jana M. Ritter, Josilene Nascimento Seixas, JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray, Marie Brake, Jillian A. Condrey, Cassandra Tansey, Stephen R. Welch, Sarah C. Genzer, Jessica R. Spengler
Summary: Syrian hamsters are important animal models for studying SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. It has been found that higher instillation volumes may result in aspiration of foreign material, leading to histopathological changes in the respiratory tract.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jessica R. Spengler, Stephen R. Welch, Florine E. M. Scholte, Sergio E. Rodriguez, Jessica R. Harmon, Joann D. Coleman-McCray, Stuart T. Nichol, Joel M. Montgomery, Eric Bergeron, Christina F. Spiropoulou
Summary: The VRP vaccine provides complete protection against CCHFV when administered 28 days before challenge, and also shows efficacy in protecting mice at different intervals relative to challenge. This supports the utility of the VRP vaccine for rapid vaccination protocols to mitigate CCHFV spread and severe outcomes.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2021)