Recent Geodynamics and Slow Deformation Waves

Topical problems of the formation of slow deformation waves and their connection with recent geodynamic (deformational) processes are discussed. It is shown that the term diffusion of stresses (displacements, strains) is ill defined from the standpoint of physics of transfer phenomena because in the case of diffusion, mass transfer takes place, whereas the wave processes transfer energy. It is noted that the existing models describing the diffusion of stresses are solved based on the mathematical formalism of heat conduction theory which relies on the phenomenon of energy transfer. It is demonstrated that applying the term wave to the stress diffusion processes is untenable because in the classical sense, wave processes describe undamped (sustained, continuous) oscillations propagating in a homogeneous medium at constant velocity. The processes describing the diffusion of stresses form strongly damped oscillations whose propagation velocity substantially decreases with time. As a mechanism corresponding to the wave canonical concepts, a model of autowave deformation processes is proposed that implement the relay-race transfer and successive re-initiation of deformation activity from a fault to a fault or from one activated segment of a fault to another segment. Problematic issues of identifying the slow deformation waves are discussed, and the recommendations are proposed for constructing a network of observation points for the in situ measurements of spatiotemporal migration of the Earth's surface deformations. It is substantiated that the existence of slow deformation waves does not explain the entire observed spatiotemporal spectrum of recent movements of the Earth's surface.