Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuta Hiragori, Hiro Takahashi, Taihei Karino, Atsushi Kaido, Noriya Hayashi, Shun Sasaki, Kodai Nakao, Taichiro Motomura, Yui Yamashita, Satoshi Naito, Hitoshi Onouchi
Summary: This study identified four novel non-AUG-initiated upstream open reading frames (uORFs) with evolutionarily conserved sequences in Arabidopsis and elucidated the mechanism by which a non-AUG-initiated uORF promotes the translation of the main open reading frame (mORF). Through a combination of bioinformatics and experimental analysis, regulatory non-AUG uORFs that are physiologically important were identified and their effects on mORF expression were examined. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms that enable non-AUG uORFs to play regulatory roles despite their low translation initiation efficiencies.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael R. Das, Yeonji Chang, Rachel Anderson, Nan Zhang, Colson P. Tomberlin, Ronald D. Vale, Ankur Jain
Summary: CAG repeat expansions in neurodegenerative diseases lead to the aggregation of RNA and protein, disrupting nucleocytoplasmic transport and causing cell death. Inhibition of repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation alleviates cell toxicity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mathieu Gonin, Isai Salas-Gonzalez, David Gopaulchan, Juan P. Frene, Stijn Roden, Bram Van de Poel, David E. Salt, Gabriel Castrillo
Summary: Beneficial interactions with microbes can modulate root branching plasticity in plants, and the plant microbiota influences root branching in Arabidopsis thaliana. The microbiota can control root branching independently of the phytohormone auxin and requires the induction of ethylene response pathways.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dmitry E. Andreev, Gary Loughran, Alla D. Fedorova, Maria S. Mikhaylova, Ivan N. Shatsky, Pavel Baranov
Summary: Recent studies have found extensive protein translation occurring outside of annotated protein coding regions. This non-canonical translation is mainly due to the presence of multiple start codons within the same RNA. Non-AUG initiation plays a ubiquitous role in shaping the dynamic composition of mammalian proteomes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jue Zhang, Shuai-Bo Pi, Nan Zhang, Jing Guo, Wei Zheng, Lizhi Leng, Ge Lin, Heng-Yu Fan
Summary: This study explores the impact of the zygotic gene BZW1 on start codon stringency, revealing its crucial role in regulating early embryonic development in mice by restricting non-AUG translational initiation to promote protein synthesis. The findings highlight the importance of translational efficiency and codon stringency in gene expression during preimplantation development.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alla D. Fedorova, Stephen J. Kiniry, Dmitry E. Andreev, Jonathan M. Mudge, Pavel V. Baranov
Summary: By analyzing a large number of Ribo-seq datasets and genomic alignment data, this study reveals that the number of non-AUG initiated proteoforms greatly exceeds those with strong phylogenetic support. This suggests that the protein coding potential of the human genome is underestimated, and multiple proteins can be encoded by the same genomic loci.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mei Tao, Ming Zheng, Yanhua Xu, Shuo Ma, Weiwei Zhang, Shaoqing Ju
Summary: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of ncRNAs with a closed circular structure, functioning as diagnostic markers in diseases and targets for new therapies. They have diverse functions, such as sponging miR/proteins, serving as translation templates, and regulating mRNA translation and stability, and can be degraded through various pathways.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert J. Schmitz, Erich Grotewold, Maike Stam
Summary: This review discusses the characteristics, identification technologies, and role of cis-regulatory sequences in plant biology. Despite advances in sequence assembly and genome annotation, there are still challenges in identifying and understanding cis-regulatory modules.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Charles Jourdan Reyes, Katsura Asano, Peter K. Todd, Christine Klein, Aleksandar Rakovic
Summary: This study provides the first in-vitro evidence that XDP-related (AGAGGG)(n) repeat expansions can undergo repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation, which lays a theoretical foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration caused by this mutation.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jun-Xian Du, Gui-Qi Zhu, Jia-Liang Cai, Biao Wang, Yi-Hong Luo, Cong Chen, Cheng-Zhe Cai, Si-Jia Zhang, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, Wei Zhu, Zhi Dai
Summary: More than 95% of human genes undergo alternative splicing, driving the generation and maintenance of cancer hallmarks. Splicing factors play crucial roles in the process, and targeted therapeutic strategies show promising prospects.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuzo Fujino, Kohji Mori, Yoshitaka Nagai
Summary: Expanded short tandem repeats cause more than 50 monogenic diseases, which are mostly neuromuscular diseases. Recently, it has been discovered that expanded repeat sequences can be translated into repeat polypeptides through non-canonical repeat-associated non-AUG translation (RAN translation). These translated repeat polypeptides have been proven to be toxic and play a role in the pathogenesis of repeat expansion diseases.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoli Jin
Summary: Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins play important roles in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. They function under a complex regulatory network and participate in various cellular processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Sujay Paul, Luis Alberto Bravo Vazquez, Marilyn Marquez Nafarrate, Ana Isabel Gutierrez Resendiz, Aashish Srivastava, Ashutosh Sharma
Summary: MicroRNA-mediated gene regulation in non-vascular plants may be involved in various unique biological functions and hold great potential for future applications in producing valuable bioactive compounds.
Article
Plant Sciences
Shubham Joshi, Jhilmil Nath, Anil Kumar Singh, Ashwani Pareek, Rohit Joshi
Summary: This study reviews the regulation of ion homeostasis in plants under salinity stress and discusses factors influencing the function of ion transporters and channels. It also explores stress perception and signal transduction mechanisms, and their role in improving ion homeostasis in plants.
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
G. Cosenza, P. Martin, G. Garro, D. Gallo, B. Auzino, R. Ciampolini, A. Pauciullo
Summary: There has been limited research on the BLG I gene in donkey milk, with only two variants (A and B) characterized at the protein level. A new variant with a higher molecular weight has been detected, and this study reports the complete nucleotide sequence of the BLG I gene from two donkeys. The gene shows a high genetic variability with potentially five different alleles.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ching-Wen Chiu, Ya-Ru Li, Cheng-Yuan Lin, Hsin-Hung Yeh, Ming-Jung Liu
Summary: By experimentally profiling translation initiation sites, we have identified unannotated genes in tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV) and determined their association with transcriptional and/or translational start sites and flanking mRNA sequences. We have also discovered the importance of an unexplored gene, BV2, for pathogenicity. This study highlights the significance of coding complexity in plant viruses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ming-Jung Liu, Koichi Sugimoto, Sahra Uygun, Nicholas Panchy, Michael S. Campbell, Mark Yandell, Gregg A. Howe, Shin-Han Shiu