Article
Energy & Fuels
Yizi Zhu, Yanzhi Zhang, Zhixia He, Qian Wang, Weimin Li
Summary: This study investigates the direct dual fuel stratification (DDFS) mode as an alternative high-load extension strategy to partially premixed combustion (PPC) and reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI). The results show that DDFS can effectively control the combustion rate and maintain thermal efficiency comparable to PPC and RCCI at high loads. The near top dead center (TDC) injection is the key parameter to control the heat release rate, but it leads to increased soot emissions. The diesel fraction controls the combustion phasing, while the gasoline fraction affects the combustion duration in DDFS.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Robbert Willems, Frank Willems, Niels Deen, Bart Somers
Summary: The understanding of reactivity controlled compression ignition has advanced in recent years, with a focus on efficiency due to stringent CO2 regulations. This study combines heat release analysis with regression to explore the impact of combustion parameters on efficiency and loss channels, introducing the burn ratio as a key metric. The research reveals a correlation between burn ratio and fuel reactivity stratification, crucial for optimizing fuel injection and achieving high combustion efficiency.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huseyin Aydin
Summary: This study investigated the effects of compression ratios on the combustion performance of biodiesel/CNG RCCI operation in a single cylinder diesel engine. The results showed that the mixture of biodiesel and CNG led to an increase in BTE, as well as a decrease in BSEC, BSFC, NOx emissions, and smoke generation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhiyong Li, Yang Wang, Zibin Yin, Zhanbin Gao, Yongjian Wang, Xudong Zhen
Summary: The study compares the Diesel Methanol Compound Combustion (DMCC) and Direct Dual Fuel Stratification (DDFS) strategies. While DMCC suffers from inefficient combustion at low load and knock at high load, DDFS shows potential for higher Rm values, stable combustion, good fuel economy, and low emissions.
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Saeid Shirvani, Sasan Shirvani, Rolf Reitz, Fatemeh Salehi
Summary: Thermodynamic analysis of Low-Temperature Combustion (LTC) strategies shows that Direct Dual-Fuel Stratification (DDFS) has superior emissions and engine performance compared to other strategies. Exergy efficiency and destruction, as well as injection parameters, play crucial roles in optimizing energy distribution in DDFS engines.
SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rahim Karami, Mohammad G. Rasul, M. Masud K. Khan, Mohammad Mahdi Salahi, Mohammad Anwar
Summary: This study conducted combustion analysis experiments on a four-cylinder diesel engine fueled by tomato seed oil biodiesel blends, with results indicating that B10 is the optimal mixture for reducing greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining engine performance. Both an artificial neural network model and AVL simulation yielded results that agree satisfactorily with experimental values.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mustafa Deniz Altinkurt, Menno Merts, Martin Tuner, Ali Turkcan
Summary: Accelerated by the harms and depletion risk of fossil fuels, transition to low-carbon or renewable fuels have become an urgent need for combustion engines to decarbonize transport sectors. Natural gas-diesel dual-fuel combustion is a promising method to achieve these goals by allowing the usage of natural gas in diesel engines. However, this concept has drawbacks of low combustion efficiency, high unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and high cyclic variations at low engine loads. To find solutions to these drawbacks, split diesel injections with variable injection timings and mass split ratios were investigated experimentally and numerically. The results showed that split injection had the potential to reduce HC emissions and cyclic variations, improve combustion efficiency, and decrease NOx emissions. Furthermore, simulations demonstrated that early single injection dual-fuel cases contributed to a more homogeneous temperature distribution and better oxidization of methane near the cylinder wall and central region above the piston crown.
Article
Energy & Fuels
V. Pradeep, K. Anand
Summary: Low-temperature combustion (LTC) is an alternative combustion mode that reduces NOx and PM emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) is a promising LTC strategy that utilizes early direct injection and EGR to reduce emissions. However, limited load range and high HC and CO emissions are challenges to overcome for commercial viability.
Article
Thermodynamics
Sasan Shirvani, Saeid Shirvani, Amir H. Shamekhi, Rolf Reitz, Fatemeh Salehi
Summary: Direct Dual Fuel Stratification (DDFS) is a novel low-temperature combustion strategy with high thermal efficiency and low emissions. By optimizing injection strategies and using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), it can meet EURO6 emission standards and improve fuel efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Peixin Zhao, Xiuxiu Sun, Xingyu Liang, Guoxi Jing, Teng Ma
Summary: A multi-component surrogate fuel was developed as an alternative to heavy fuel oil, with proportions determined based on the chemical and physical characteristics. The surrogate fuel was extensively validated and found to exhibit reliable overall performance for combustion behavior.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francesco Catapano, Silvana Di Iorio, Agnese Magno, Paolo Sementa, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: This study found that ethanol blends have an impact on sub-23 nm particles and volatile organic fraction, with effects varying depending on the test cycle phase and fuel properties. Increasing ethanol content increases the proportion of sub-23 nm particles, except for E85 where the stronger cooling effect due to higher ethanol content has a different effect.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francesco Catapano, Silvana Di Iorio, Agnese Magno, Paolo Sementa, Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of ethanol blends on particles and volatile organic compounds emitted from a turbocharged engine. The results showed that the percentage of sub-23 nm particles increases with the increase of ethanol content in the blends, except for E85.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gang Zhou, Yang Yang, Jinjie Duan, Bin Jing, Shuzheng Song, Biao Sun
Summary: The tail gas emitted by underground trackless rubber wheel cars poses a serious threat to the health and safety of underground workers. This study used a numerical simulation method to investigate the influence of air suction volume and distance between the cars and headfaces on the diffusion law of diesel particulate matter, CO, and NOx. The results showed optimal tail gas control effects at different combinations of suction volume and distance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chunhua Zhang, Yangyang Li, Zherntao Liu, Jinlong Liu
Summary: The plateau environment has a negative impact on the combustion quality and control of soot emissions in heavy-duty diesel engines. This study developed a multidimensional CFD model to investigate the effect of altitude on soot formation and oxidation processes. The findings showed that high-altitude operation led to increased soot formation but decreased oxidation due to the mismatch between fuel and air. Additionally, fuel droplet impingement on the cylinder wall resulted in a sharp rise in soot emissions above 3000 meters.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shaodian Lin, Wanchen Sun, Liang Guo, Peng Cheng, Yuxiang Sun, Hao Zhang
Summary: The study develops a simplified mechanism for coal-to-liquid (CTL) and diesel surrogate fuels for 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, and validates it against experimental data to accurately predict conventional compression ignition (CI) combustion for both fuels. Using various reduction methods, different surrogate fuel compositions are determined and coupled to improve the accuracy of predicting combustion parameters. The research demonstrates the capability of the reduced mechanism to accurately predict combustion behavior with errors lower than 25% for medium loads.
Article
Thermodynamics
Sasan Shirvani, Saeid Shirvani, Amir H. Shamekhi, Rolf Reitz, Fatemeh Salehi
Summary: Direct Dual Fuel Stratification (DDFS) is a novel low-temperature combustion strategy with high thermal efficiency and low emissions. By optimizing injection strategies and using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), it can meet EURO6 emission standards and improve fuel efficiency.
Article
Thermodynamics
Saeid Shirvani, Sasan Shirvani, Seyed Ali Jazayeri, Rolf Reitz
Summary: DDFS is a novel LTC strategy that offers comparable thermal efficiency to RCCI while providing more control over combustion and heat release. This study optimized the injection strategy of a gasoline/diesel DDFS engine to improve exergy efficiency, reduce exergy destruction, and minimize engine noise. The results showed significant reductions in emissions with improved efficiency.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Saeid Shirvani, Sasan Shirvani, Rolf Reitz, Fatemeh Salehi
Summary: Thermodynamic analysis of Low-Temperature Combustion (LTC) strategies shows that Direct Dual-Fuel Stratification (DDFS) has superior emissions and engine performance compared to other strategies. Exergy efficiency and destruction, as well as injection parameters, play crucial roles in optimizing energy distribution in DDFS engines.
SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINES
(2021)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Sasan Shirvani, Saeid Shirvani, Amir H. Shamekhi, Rolf D. Reitz
SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINES
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.