Article
Physiology
Andrius Ramonas, Paul B. B. Laursen, Micalla Williden, Wee-Leong Chang, Andrew E. E. Kilding
Summary: Muscle glycogen state and carbohydrate supplementation can impact responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This study found that CHO ingestion improved performance and did not suppress fat oxidation during HIIT in a glycogen depleted state. Further research is needed to understand the significance of altered muscle oxygenation patterns during exercise.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patrick J. Ferrara, Anthony R. P. Verkerke, J. Alan Maschek, Justin L. Shahtout, Piyarat Siripoksup, Hiroaki Eshima, Jordan M. Johnson, Jonathan J. Petrocelli, Ziad S. Mahmassani, Thomas D. Green, Joseph M. McClung, James E. Cox, Micah J. Drummond, Katsuhiko Funai
Summary: Obesity-induced alterations in skeletal muscle lipidome may contribute to reduced muscle contractile force. A study found a strong positive correlation between lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) abundance and maximal tetanic force production in mouse skeletal muscle, regulated by lyso-PC acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3). Overexpression of LPCAT3 led to reduced lyso-PC content in muscles, but also weaker force-generating capacity, particularly under high-fat diet conditions. Further research is needed to explore how LPCAT3 may affect protein turnover and promote myopathy.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Domingo Jesus Ramos-Campo, Vicente J. Clemente-Suarez, Rocio Cupeiro, Jose Antonio Benitez-Munoz, Luis Andreu Caravaca, Jacobo a. Rubio-Arias
Summary: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) intake during exercise on endurance performance. The study included 136 studies and found that CHO intake significantly improves performance compared to placebo/control groups. The effect is greater in time to exhaustion tests and for longer durations of exercise. Additionally, CHO intake has a stronger impact on less trained individuals. The dosage, ergometer used, type of CHO ingestion, and type of CHO do not significantly affect the magnitude of performance change.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Lee M. Margolis, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Emily E. Howard
Summary: Ketogenic diets and ketone supplements result in different changes in substrate metabolism, with supplements having a stronger ketosis effect. Ketogenic diets increase fat oxidation and accumulate ketone bodies as fuel, while supplements rapidly increase ketone body concentrations and inhibit fatty acid mobilization during aerobic exercise.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hiroyuki Uno, Shohei Kamiya, Ryuji Akimoto, Katsu Hosoki, Shunta Tadano, Karina Kouzaki, Yuki Tamura, Takaya Kotani, Mako Isemura, Koichi Nakazato
Summary: Belt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulation (B-SES) can prevent denervation-induced muscle atrophy in multiple muscles. Low-frequency electrical stimulation maintains mitochondrial quantity and enzyme activity, suppressing muscle protein degradation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Tim Podlogar, Bonnie Free, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: The study examined the effects of delayed carbohydrate feeding on fat oxidation rates and exercise performance. Results showed that delayed carbohydrate feeding did not suppress fat oxidation and maintained exercise performance, indicating it may be a strategy to sustain high fat oxidation rates typically associated with exercise undertaken after sleep-low training.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Andrew King, Eric Helms, Caryn Zinn, Ivan Jukic
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of carbohydrate ingestion on resistance training performance. The results showed that carbohydrate ingestion can enhance overall performance, especially when training sessions last longer than 45 minutes and the fasting duration is at least 8 hours. Additionally, carbohydrate ingestion has an impact on post-exercise blood lactate and glucose. The number of maximal effort sets performed moderates the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on resistance training performance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Timothy David Noakes
Summary: The introduction of the needle muscle biopsy technique in the 1960s revolutionized the study of muscle tissue in exercising humans. The role of muscle glycogen content and blood glucose concentration in fatigue during prolonged exercise is still a matter of debate.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anders B. Klein, Trine S. Nicolaisen, Niels Ortenblad, Kasper D. Gejl, Rasmus Jensen, Andreas M. Fritzen, Emil L. Larsen, Kristian Karstoft, Henrik E. Poulsen, Thomas Morville, Ronni E. Sahl, Jorn W. Helge, Jens Lund, Sarah Falk, Mark Lyngbaek, Helga Ellingsgaard, Bente K. Pedersen, Wei Lu, Brian Finan, Sebastian B. Jorgensen, Randy J. Seeley, Maximilian Kleinert, Bente Kiens, Erik A. Richter, Christoffer Clemmensen
Summary: Prolonged endurance exercise increases circulating GDF15 levels in humans to levels observed in pathophysiological conditions, but this exercise-induced GDF15 does not affect post-exercise food intake or exercise motivation like pharmacological GDF15 does.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Takuya Karasawa, Saki Kondo, Ayumi Fukazawa, Atsuko Koike, Momoko Tsutsui, Shin Terada
Summary: Endurance exercise training enhances muscle fat oxidation and reduces carbohydrate utilization, delaying fatigue onset. However, dietary fat restriction may attenuate these effects, diminishing metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle.
JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jennifer D. Deem, David Tingley, Christina A. Watts, Kayoko Ogimoto, Caeley L. Bryan, Bao Anh N. Phan, Vincent Damian, Michael R. Bruchas, Jarrad M. Scarlett, Michael W. Schwartz, Gregory J. Morton
Summary: The study found that HFD feeding leads to weight loss in mice due to suppressed increase in body fat stores; although cold-induced AgRP neurons activation can still be detected, the number of cold-responsive neurons appears to be reduced in HFD-fed mice.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lee M. Margolis, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: The review examines the effects of carbohydrate restriction on intracellular muscle mass regulation and anaerobic performance. It suggests that low carbohydrate diets increase fat oxidation and decrease fat mass. However, it also finds that carbohydrate restriction increases protein oxidation, impairs muscle hypertrophy, and reduces anaerobic performance. Athletes who need to perform high-intensity exercise should avoid dietary strategies that restrict carbohydrate intake.
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bronwen Lundy, Monica K. Torstveit, Thomas B. Stenqvist, Louise M. Burke, Ina Garthe, Gary J. Slater, Christian Ritz, Anna K. Melin
Summary: A questionnaire-based screening tool (LEAM-Q) for male athletes at risk of low energy availability (LEA) was developed, and it was found that low sex drive was the most effective self-reported symptom in identifying male athletes requiring further clinical assessment for LEA.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeremy Basset-Sagarminaga, Kay H. M. Roumans, Bas Havekes, Ronald P. Mensink, Harry P. F. Peters, Peter L. Zock, Renee de Mutsert, Jan Boren, Lucas Lindeboom, Patrick Schrauwen, Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling
Summary: The study found that reducing the dietary glycemic index and intake of saturated fatty acids, and replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fat, can significantly decrease liver fat content and glycemic response.
Article
Sport Sciences
Oona Kettunen, Antti Leppavuori, Ritva Mikkonen, Juha E. Peltonen, Ari Nummela, Bettina Wikstrom, Vesa Linnamo
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of normobaric live high-train low and high training on hematological, cardiorespiratory, and sea-level performance changes. The results showed that normobaric LHTLH increased hemoglobin mass but did not significantly improve maximal endurance performance and maximal oxygen uptake compared to living and training in normoxia.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ida A. Heikura, Trent Stellingwerff, Jose L. Areta
Summary: Decades of research have shown that strict low energy availability can lead to impairments in body systems and related menstrual dysfunction and bone health issues in females. Early detection and diagnosis of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is crucial in preventing negative health and performance outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
G. Sampson, J. N. Pugh, J. P. Morton, J. L. Areta
Summary: The study created a questionnaire named CEAC-Q to evaluate endurance athletes' knowledge of carbohydrates, showing significant differences in total scores and subsection scores among three population groups. The CEAC-Q demonstrated good test-retest reliability in endurance athletes, providing a new psychometrically valid, practical, and time-efficient tool for assessing and guiding athletes' knowledge of carbohydrates.
SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
James Sligar, Danielle A. DeBruin, Nicholas J. Saner, Ashleigh M. Philp, Andrew Philp
Summary: Mitochondria, as the main energy-producing organelles of the cell, play a crucial role in various biological processes in skeletal muscle. Age-related deterioration in skeletal muscle functional capacity is partly driven by a decrease in oxidative capacity and fatigue resistance, which are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction due to alterations in mitochondrial quality control (MQC). Recent research has shown that manipulating MQC may hold great therapeutic potential in preventing mitochondrial dysfunction during aging.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jose L. Areta, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale
Summary: Men have been the main focus of sports nutrition studies, but the research on female participants has not caught up with their increasing participation and professionalism. This article invites researchers to contribute to the understanding of sports nutrition for female athletes, covering topics such as dietary requirements, energy availability, dietary supplements, and gut health. The article also explores the limited understanding of this topic and ways to promote further research in this area.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Kamal, Meera Shanmuganathan, Sophie Joanisse, Philip Britz-McKibbin, Gianni Parise
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aidan Hatt, Stephen Fortino, Mai Wageh, Michael Kamal, Alexander Brown, Sophie Joanisse, Gianni Parise
Review
Cell Biology
Jessica R. Dent, Ben Stocks, Dean G. Campelj, Andrew Philp
Summary: Endurance exercise induces metabolic changes in skeletal muscle that initiate molecular pathways for mitochondrial adaptation and remodeling. These changes include modulation of cellular nutrient, energetic, and contractile stress pathways, leading to increased mitochondrial gene transcription and translation. This results in the growth and assembly of mitochondria and a greater capacity for aerobic ATP production in skeletal muscle.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aaron C. Q. Thomas, Alex Brown, Aidan A. Hatt, Katherine Manta, Anamaria Costa-Parke, Michael Kamal, Sophie Joanisse, Chris McGlory, Stuart M. Phillips, Dinesh Kumbhare, Gianni Parise
Summary: This study investigates the effects of aerobic conditioning (AC) on muscle adaptations following resistance training (RT). The results show that AC prior to RT can augment muscle adaptations induced by RT, and these differences are associated with increases in capillarization.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wee Lun Foo, Jake D. Harrison, Frank T. Mhizha, Carl Langan-Evans, James P. Morton, Jamie N. Pugh, Jose L. Areta
Summary: This study found that consuming a low-fiber diet for a short-term could lead to reductions in body weight. In addition, a low-fiber diet was associated with increased hunger, decreased stool frequency, and decreased stool softness. However, participants reported tolerability of the diet and willingness to repeat it.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Samuel J. McHaffie, Carl Langan-Evans, James C. Morehen, Juliette A. Strauss, Jose L. Areta, Christopher Rosimus, Martin Evans, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Colum J. Cronin, James P. Morton
Summary: This qualitative study explores the perceptions of players and stakeholders on the role of nutrition in supporting the development and performance of elite female soccer players. The results show that there is considerable confusion and misunderstanding among players and stakeholders regarding meeting energy requirements. This leads to under-fuelling among players, which is influenced by misconceptions about carbohydrate intake, fear of weight gain, and external pressures from social media and coaches. The lack of full-time professionally accredited nutritionists also exacerbates these cultural issues.
SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN FOOTBALL
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Alex Brown, Aaron C. Q. Thomas, Aidan A. Hatt, Chris McGlory, Stuart M. Phillips, Dinesh Kumbhare, Gianni Parise, Sophie Joanisse
Summary: This study investigated the acute effects of aerobic conditioning on satellite cells (SCs) and ribosomes in skeletal muscle. The results showed that aerobic conditioning increased the abundance of type-I SCs and the acute increase in ribosome content following eccentric contractions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Changhyun Lim, Daniel A. Traylor, Chris McGlory, Sophie Joanisse, James McKendry, Tavneet Grewal, Jonathan C. Mcleod, Todd Prior, Everson A. Nunes, Matthew Lees, Stuart M. Phillips
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term resistance exercise training (STRT) combined with leucine-enriched protein bar supplementation on myofibrillar protein synthesis and anabolic protein signaling. The results showed that young adults engaged in STRT had increased integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis and protein signaling, which were further enhanced with increased protein intake derived from a leucine-enriched protein bar.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Anna K. Melin, Jose L. Areta, Ida A. Heikura, Trent Stellingwerff, Monica Klungland Torstveit, Anthony C. Hackney
Summary: Low energy availability (LEA) can occur unintentionally or intentionally in athletes, and moderate LEA under supervision can improve body composition and power to weight ratio, potentially enhancing performance in some sports. However, severe LEA can have negative effects on various physiological and psychological systems, impacting health, training adaptation, and performance outcomes of athletes. This review aims to characterize the effects of short-, medium-, and long-term exposure to LEA on direct and indirect sports performance outcomes, using both laboratory settings and case-study-type experiential evidence.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Michael Kamal, Sophie Joanisse, Gianni Parise
Summary: As we age, the ability to regenerate and repair skeletal muscle damage declines, partially due to increasing dysfunction of muscle resident stem cells-satellite cells (SC). Cellular senescence, the irreversible arrest of proliferation, is found to be a potentiator of SC impairment during aging. However, the role of senescence in SC and its classification within skeletal muscle remain unclear.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Changhyun Lim, Daniel A. Traylor, Chris McGlory, Sophie Joanisse, James McKendry, Tavneet Grewal, Jonathan C. Mcleod, Todd Prior, Everson A. Nunes, Matthew Lees, Stuart M. Phillips
Summary: This study investigated the impact of leucine on myofibrillar protein synthesis and anabolic protein signaling. The results showed that consuming a leucine-enriched protein bar can increase integrated MyoPS and protein signaling, especially during short-term resistance exercise training.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)