Article
Biology
A. J. Hulbert
Summary: This article discusses the importance of ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in biological membrane function, as well as their necessity and balance in animal diets. These two fatty acids have significant effects on membrane composition, thereby influencing the physiological capacities and health of animals.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Matthew R. Panasevich, Leighann Daristotle, Ryan M. Yamka, Nolan Z. Frantz
Summary: The use of ground flaxseed in cat food can modulate serum fatty acid concentrations and serve as a bioavailable source of alpha-linolenic acid, without affecting stool quality and nutrient digestibility.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Walter Currenti, Justyna Godos, Amer M. Alanazi, Giuseppe Lanza, Raffaele Ferri, Filippo Caraci, Giuseppe Grosso, Fabio Galvano, Sabrina Castellano
Summary: The increase in life expectancy has led to a higher prevalence of age-related neurological diseases, such as cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to examine the association between specific categories and subcategories of dietary fats and cognitive status in older Italian adults. The results showed that moderate consumption of certain types of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids was associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment, while moderate intake of linoleic acid was associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Chaiwat Arjin, Chanmany Souphannavong, Rakkiat Norkeaw, Niraporn Chaiwang, Supamit Mekchay, Apinya Sartsook, Maninphan Thongkham, Thanchanok Yosen, Warintorn Ruksiriwanich, Sarana Rose Sommano, Korawan Sringarm
Summary: The supplementation of perilla cake improved pig performance, increased PUFA fatty acids, and decreased the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in pork, while not affecting carcass traits and meat quality. This alternative source of raw material can be considered for functional feed additives in livestock production.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Raghavendra Rao Pasupuleti, Pei-Chien Tsai, Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy, Nai-Ching Chen
Summary: This study developed a fast green sample pre-treatment protocol for sensitive and simultaneous monitoring of ω-3-FAs and ω-6-FAs in serum. The developed method showed high sensitivity, reliability, and applicability for clinical diagnosis in predicting health hazards.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamila P. Liput, Adam Lepczynski, Magdalena Ogluszka, Agata Nawrocka, Ewa Polawska, Agata Grzesiak, Brygida Slaska, Chandra S. Pareek, Urszula Czarnik, Mariusz Pierzchala
Summary: It is recommended to reduce saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 and n-6 in the diet to lower the risk of metabolic disorders. Western-type diet often contains excessive n-6 PUFAs and a high n-6/n-3 ratio. Oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs play a role in inflammation, while PUFAs have varying effects on cell growth, proliferation, and neoplastic lesion progression, as observed in in vitro studies, animal models, and epidemiological studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ze-Bin Dai, Xiao-Li Ren, Yi-Lang Xue, Ya Tian, Bing-Bing He, Chang-Long Xu, Bo Yang
Summary: This study investigated the association between alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) intake and biomarkers and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on prospective cohorts. The results showed a linear inverse relationship between blood levels of ALA and CRC risk, indicating that increased intake of ALA can help prevent CRC.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Iman Moussa, Rena S. Day, Ruosha Li, Ahmed Kaseb, Prasun K. Jalal, Carrie Daniel-MacDougall, Rikita I. Hatia, Ahmed Abdelhakeem, Asif Rashid, Yun Shin Chun, Donghui Li, Manal M. Hassan
Summary: This study found an inverse association between monounsaturated fatty acid intake and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk, and a direct association between total polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and HCC risk. Omega-6 PUFA intake was directly associated with HCC risk, while long-chain omega-3 PUFA intake was inversely associated with HCC risk. No significant association was observed for saturated fat and HCC risk.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Masayuki Okuda, Aya Fujiwara, Satoshi Sasaki
Summary: The study found that in Japanese youths, high intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with low levels of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, while high intake of saturated fatty acids was associated with high levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, indicating a close relationship between dietary fatty acid composition and cardiometabolic risk.
Review
Immunology
Abigail R. Basson, Christy Chen, Filip Sagl, Ashley Trotter, Ilya Bederman, Adrian Gomez-Nguyen, Mark S. Sundrud, Sanja Ilic, Fabio Cominelli, Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
Summary: With the rise of human obesity, dietary fats have become the focus of biomedical research. High-fat diets, particularly rich in long-chain saturated fatty acids, have pro-inflammatory effects on multiple organs, while certain saturated fats like lauric and myristic acids may have anti-inflammatory and protective properties. Although some effects observed in epidemiological studies may oversimplify the mechanisms, it is essential to understand the complex interactions between the host, specific fatty acids, and genetics/variations of gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biology
Salvatore Coniglio, Maria Shumskaya, Evros Vassiliou
Summary: Diet can have both positive and negative effects on human health, with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids being overall beneficial. These fatty acids are primarily found in plant seeds and fish. Consuming omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation and markers associated with certain diseases. This reduction in inflammation occurs through specific metabolic and biochemical changes. Overall, a diet high in omega-3 and low in omega-6 fats is considered favorable.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Belal N. Alshaikh, Adriana Reyes Loredo, Megan Knauff, Sarfaraz Momin, Shirin Moossavi
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. The pathogenesis of NEC involves intestinal immaturity and excessive immune response to intestinal microbes and nutrients. Dietary fats play a crucial role in intestinal development, microbial colonization, immune function, and inflammation. Specifically, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have immunomodulatory effects in the pathogenesis of NEC. The balance between n3 and n6 LC-PUFAs derivatives is important in modulating the inflammatory process of NEC.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Walter Currenti, Justyna Godos, Amer M. Alanazi, Giuseppe Lanza, Raffaele Ferri, Filippo Caraci, Fabio Galvano, Sabrina Castellano, Giuseppe Grosso
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between the intake of different types of dietary fats and depressive symptoms in Italian individuals living in the Mediterranean area. The results showed a negative association between moderate intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and depressive symptoms, while moderate intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Moreover, individuals with lower to moderate intake of short-chain and medium-chain saturated fatty acids had a lower risk of depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between different fat types.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Meghan Dempsey, Michelle S. Rockwell, Laurel M. Wentz
Summary: The majority of the population lack adequate omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), leading to global deficiencies and poor omega-3 status. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of n-3 FA interventions on omega3-index (O3i) and estimate sufficient intake to meet recommendations.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mohsen Mazidi, Andre P. Kengne, Mario Siervo, Richard Kirwan
Summary: The study suggests that higher dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is associated with improved renal function and lower risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), while there is no significant association between monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) intake and renal function or CKD risk. Genetically determined serum levels of PUFAs and MUFAs also do not show significant association with renal function and CKD risk.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Chizoba Bassey, Harriet Crooks, Katherine Paterson, Rachel Ball, Kristoffer Howell, Iona Humphries-Cuff, Kirsty Gaffigan, Nitya Rao, Jennifer A. Whitty, Lee Hooper
Summary: Vitamin A deficiency is common in children in low-and middle-income countries and remains the major cause of nutritional blindness. Home food production may help prevent vitamin A deficiency in rural children, but there is limited evidence supporting its effectiveness.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Saskia P. M. Truijen, Richard P. G. Hayhoe, Lee Hooper, Inez Schoenmakers, Alastair Forbes, Ailsa A. Welch
Summary: The study found that using routine biochemical diagnostic test data and established malnutrition indicators can effectively predict poor nutritional status in older adults, facilitating early detection of malnutrition risk. Low levels of total cholesterol, hemoglobin, HbA1c, ferritin, and vitamin D may indicate a risk of malnutrition.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lee Hooper, Chizoba Esio-Bassey, Julii Brainard, Judith Fynn, Amy Jennings, Natalia Jones, Bhavesh V. Tailor, Asmaa Abdelhamid, Calvin Coe, Latife Esgunoglu, Ciara Fallon, Ernestina Gyamfi, Claire Hill, Stephanie Howard Wilsher, Nithin Narayanan, Titilopemi Oladosu, Ellice Parkinson, Emma Prentice, Meysoon Qurashi, Luke Read, Harriet Getley, Fujian Song, Ailsa A. Welch, Peter Aggett, Georg Lietz
Summary: This scoping review aims to update the nutrient requirements and upper limits for vitamin A in infants and children, and assess the effectiveness of different approaches in increasing vitamin A depots. The review found that the effects of supplementation have been evaluated, and some studies have also examined the effects of staple food fortification, complementary foods, biofortified maize or cassava, and fortified drinks on health outcomes. Adverse events associated with higher vitamin A intakes have been identified, which can be useful for setting upper limits.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lee Hooper, Asmaa Abdelhamid, Sarah M. Ajabnoor, Chizoba Esio-Bassey, Julii Brainard, Tracey J. Brown, Diane Bunn, Eve Foster, Charlotte C. Hammer, Sarah Hanson, Florence O. Jimoh, Hassan Maimouni, Manraj Sandhu, Xia Wang, Lauren Winstanley, Jane L. Cross, Ailsa A. Welch, Karen Rees, Carl Philpott
Summary: This study found consistent moderate-quality evidence that improving hydration reduces the risk of medium-term mortality in all types of pneumonia in adults. However, randomized controlled trials evaluating the optimal fluid volume and the effect of supporting hydration in pneumonia patients are still lacking. Further research is needed to explore the potential benefits of hydration in pneumonia outcomes.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dorothee Volkert, Anne Marie Beck, Tommy Cederholm, Alfonso Cruz-Jentoft, Lee Hooper, Eva Kiesswetter, Marcello Maggio, Agathe Raynaud-Simon, Cornel Sieber, Lubos Sobotka, Dieneke van Asselt, Rainer Wirth, Stephan C. Bischoff
Summary: This study provides evidence-based recommendations for clinical nutrition and hydration in older persons to prevent and treat malnutrition and dehydration. The results show that individualized and comprehensive interventions can effectively support adequate nutrition and hydration in older persons, improving their nutritional status and quality of life.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah M. M. Ajabnoor, Atheer Attar, Noof BinJahlan, Nawal Almutairi, Shimaa Bashmail, Almoutaz Hashim, Alastair Forbes, Hani Jawa
Summary: This study investigated the practices and perceptions of gastroenterologists in Saudi Arabia regarding the use of enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The results showed that EN was mostly used for the prevention and correction of undernutrition, preoperative optimization, and induction of remission in patients with active and long-standing Crohn's disease (CD). The study also identified barriers to using EN, such as low patient acceptance and poor adherence.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sara Zaher, Sarah M. Ajabnoor
Summary: This study assessed the availability of home nutrition support (HNS) in Saudi hospitals and explored factors associated with its availability. The results showed that HNS availability varied in different regions and types of hospitals, with larger hospitals having a higher likelihood of providing HNS. Lack of published reports makes it difficult to evaluate the current situation of HNS programs. Future national studies are needed to better understand the state of HNS.
JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY HEALTHCARE
(2023)
Correction
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sara Zaher, Sarah M. Ajabnoor
JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY HEALTHCARE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ellice Parkinson, Lee Hooper, Judith Fynn, Stephanie Howard Wilsher, Titilopemi Oladosu, Fiona Poland, Simone Roberts, Elien Van Hout, Diane Bunn
Summary: A high-quality systematic review and meta-analysis showed that 24% of non-hospitalised older people suffer from low-intake dehydration. Both long-term care residents and community-dwelling older adults are more likely to be dehydrated. Those with more pre-existing illnesses and renal impairment are at higher risk. This study highlights the prevalence and risk factors of dehydration in older adults, emphasizing the importance of prevention.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah M. Ajabnoor, Sara Zaher, Rania Malatani, Hani Jawa
Summary: This study assessed the current practices of nutritional support in hospitals in Saudi Arabia and found varying attitudes and practices among participants. Only 44.7% of participants had a formal nutritional support team. The confidence level for enteral nutrition practice was significantly influenced by nutritional qualification, type of healthcare facility, profession, and years of experience.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mai A. Khatib, Haneen H. Saleemani, Nersian B. Kurdi, Haya N. Alhibshi, Manar A. Jastaniah, Sarah M. Ajabnoor
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of a low-emulsifier diet among healthy female adults. Through nutrition education and counseling intervention, participants significantly reduced their frequency of dietary emulsifier intake, but also experienced a decrease in macronutrient and micronutrient intake. The study demonstrates that a low-emulsifier diet provided via dietary advice is feasible for healthy participants.
