Article
Engineering, Environmental
Anna R. Robuck, James P. McCord, Mark J. Strynar, Mark G. Cantwell, David N. Wiley, Rainer Lohmann
Summary: The study analyzed 36 legacy and emerging PFAS in seabird tissues, with PFOS being the dominant compound and PFCAs dominating in brain. Emerging PFEAs were found to preferentially partition into blood. Future monitoring and toxicological studies should focus on novel PFAS and long-chain PFCAs in multiple tissues while exploring the unique binding mechanisms of multi-ether PFEAs.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Damien Moodie, Timothy Coggan, Kathryn Berry, Adam Kolobaric, Milena Fernandes, Elliot Lee, Suzie Reichman, Dayanthi Nugegoda, Bradley O. Clarke
Summary: Biosolids samples from 19 Australian WWTPs were analyzed for 44 PFAS, with di-substituted phosphate esters being the dominant compound class contributing 45% of total PFAS mass. Higher PFAS concentrations were observed in urban locations, and there was a weak correlation between PFAS mass and percentage industrial waste contribution in WWTPs.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Meng-Yi Xie, Xiang-Fei Sun, Chen-Chou Wu, Guang-Long Huang, Po Wang, Zhi-Ying Lin, Ya-Wei Liu, Liang-Ying Liu, Eddy Y. Zeng
Summary: This study examines the occurrence and concentrations of various PFASs in glioma, finding that PFASs were frequently detected in glioma samples. Higher concentrations of certain PFASs were associated with elevated glioma grades, and males had higher PFAS concentrations.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shannen T. L. Sait, Silje F. Rino, Susana Gonzalez, Mikhail Pastukhov, Vera I. Poletaeva, Julia Farkas, Bjorn M. Jenssen, Tomasz M. Ciesielski, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos
Summary: PFASs are bioaccumulative and can cause adverse effects in wildlife and humans. A study found high concentrations of PFOS and long chain PFCAs in the plasma, liver, blubber, and brain of Baikal seals from Lake Baikal, Russia. PFASs were detected in the brain of Baikal seals, indicating their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Although PFASs concentrations in Baikal seals were relatively low compared to other pinnipeds, consumption of Baikal seal could still exceed regulatory guidelines.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Min Nian, Xiaona Huo, Jiangtao Zhang, Yuchan Mao, Fan Jin, Yuhua Shi, Jun Zhang
Summary: Emerging PFAS alternatives may be an important risk factor for URSA. Exposure to 6:2 Cl-PFESA and HFPO-DA is significantly associated with increased risks of URSA. The association between PFAS and URSA is stronger in women with older age.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Lore Jane L. Espartero, Miko Yamada, Judith Ford, Gary Owens, Tarl Prow, Albert Juhasz
Summary: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and toxic chemicals used in various manufacturing processes and found in commercial products. Recent research has shown that exposure to PFAS is associated with adverse health impacts on fertility, childhood obesity, cardiovascular and bone health, neurological function, and breast cancer risk. However, the causality of these outcomes is still unclear.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lina Shen, Jian Zhou, Xiaoxue Liang, Lei Qin, Tiecheng Wang, Lingyan Zhu
Summary: This study compares the sources, fractionation, and migration of PFASs in greenhouse and open-field soils in the Fen-Wei Plain, China. The total concentrations of PFASs were comparable between the two soil types but with different profiles. Dry deposition was an important source of PFASs in open-field soils, while surface water had a notable contribution in greenhouse soils due to frequent irrigation. The PFASs in soils were mainly present in the water-soluble fraction, and their proportions were influenced by ion exchange capacity and organic carbon content.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jing Li, Kai Luo, Xiaotu Liu, Shuqin Tang, Jun Zhang, Da Chen
Summary: Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in preconception women varies widely, with PFOA and PFOS being dominant. The exposure is significantly associated with demographic characteristics and dietary habits, but these factors can only explain a relatively small proportion of PFAS concentration variations. Further exploration of critical factors beyond diet and demographics is necessary for understanding and mitigating preconceptional PFAS exposure.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rebecca A. Dickman, Diana S. Aga
Summary: Land application of treated sewage sludge is a sustainable method for waste disposal and soil improvement. However, it can introduce contaminants, such as PFAS, into the environment. This study developed analytical techniques to characterize PFAS in complex biosolid samples. Concentrations of PFAS varied greatly and several previously unreported compounds were identified.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Richard A. Brase, Elizabeth J. Mullin, David C. Spink
Summary: This article discusses the historical uses of PFAS, recent advances in analytical techniques for the analysis of these compounds, and the fate of PFAS in the environment. It evaluates current biomonitoring studies of human exposure to legacy and emerging PFAS and examines the associations of PFAS exposure with human health impacts, with a special focus on specific PFAS alternatives.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yue Meng, Yiming Yao, Hao Chen, Qi Li, Hongwen Sun
Summary: The study conducted in Dagang Oilfield, Tianjin, China, revealed that PFASs were widespread and correlated with TPH levels, with C4 and C8 precursors showing a positive correlation with TPH levels, while C6 precursors may come from other sources. Further research is needed to clarify the mass balance and risk assessment of unknown PFASs.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Raveena Dhore, Ganti S. Murthy
Summary: PFAS are contaminants that are difficult to degrade naturally and become "forever chemicals" once released into the environment. Current detection and remediation technologies are still in early stages and new methods for detecting short-chain PFAS should be developed.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaotu Liu, Kai Luo, Jun Zhang, Hao Yu, Da Chen
Summary: This study investigates the exposure to PFAS and influencing factors of 938 preconception couples in the Shanghai Birth Cohort. The study finds variations in PFAS exposure within and between couples, with gender differences and household factors being associated with exposure levels. This study contributes to the understanding of the joint effects of parental exposure on reproductive health.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xu Han, Lingling Meng, Gaoxin Zhang, Yingming Li, Yali Shi, Qinghua Zhang, Guibin Jiang
Summary: The study revealed potential associations between PFAS exposure and type 2 diabetes, glycemic biomarkers, and lipid fractions, suggesting PFASs as a potential diabetogenic factor. However, further research is needed to clarify the observed inverse associations.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xue Wen, Mei Wang, Xuewen Xu, Tao Li
Summary: This study investigates the association between PFAS mixture exposure and mortality in U.S. adults. The results show that high exposure to PFAS mixture is associated with significantly increased risks of all-cause mortality, heart disease mortality, and cancer mortality. In the analysis of single PFAS, PFOS is positively associated with all-cause mortality, heart disease mortality, and cancer mortality, while PFOA has no significant association.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Louis C. Groff, Jarod N. Grossman, Anneli Kruve, Jeffrey M. Minucci, Charles N. Lowe, James P. McCord, Dustin F. Kapraun, Katherine A. Phillips, S. Thomas Purucker, Alex Chao, Caroline L. Ring, Antony J. Williams, Jon R. Sobus
Summary: In this study, new statistical methods for quantitative NTA (qNTA) using HRMS data were presented and evaluated. The methods successfully estimated chemical concentrations and confidence limits. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using qNTA for chemical risk characterization.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jacqueline Bangma, James McCord, Nathan Giffard, Kate Buckman, Jonathan Petali, Celia Chen, Daniel Amparo, Barbara Turpin, Glenn Morrison, Mark Strynar
Summary: While high-resolution MS is suitable for novel PFAS identification and quantification, low-resolution MS/MS is the more commonly used and affordable approach for routine PFAS monitoring. However, the interference of chemical compounds in the quantitative ion channel hinders the verification of PFPeA and PFBA on low-resolution instrumentation. Adjustments to analytical methods, such as altering LC conditions and using matched internal standards, are recommended to investigate and confirm PFBA and PFPeA detections in both biological and environmental samples.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ita Wulandari, Samuel Katz, Roger Patrick Kelly, Rebecca S. Robinson, Rainer Lohmann
Summary: The occurrence, trends, and sources of soot black carbon (BC) in coastal sediments were investigated using sediment cores from the US East Coast and Florida Straits. The study found that BC fluxes were similar at both sites and accounted for a significant percentage of total organic carbon (OC). Carbon stable isotope values indicated marine origin for OC and terrestrial origin for BC, with different sources observed between North Carolina and Florida Strait based on radiocarbon values and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ratios.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lihong Zhang, Yuxin Ma, Simon Vojta, Maya Morales-McDevitt, Mario Hoppmann, Thomas Soltwedel, Jane Kirk, Amila De Silva, Derek Muir, Rainer Lohmann
Summary: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are continuously released from multiple sources and can be transported over long distances. This study investigated the presence, transport, and fate of PAHs in remote and deep oceans. Deploying passive samplers in different regions, including the High Arctic and high-emission areas, it was found that dissolved PAHs had higher concentrations in the high-emission areas. The study also found that PAHs were exported from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic through the Fram Strait and the Davis Strait.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Muhammad Sohail, Syed AliMusstjab Akber Shah Eqani, Shazia Ilyas, Habib Bokhari, Nadeem Ali, Joel E. Podgorski, Shafi Muhammad, Dave Adelman, Rainer Lohmann
Summary: This study provides new data on the distribution and sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ambient air and surface soil along the Indus floodplain in Pakistan. The levels of DDTs and PCBs were found to be higher in both air and soil samples, with higher concentrations in the wet mountain zone. The air-soil exchange of DDTs and PCBs generally showed volatilization, except in a few samples from the frozen mountain zone and wet mountain zone. These findings suggest that long range regional atmospheric transport plays a role in the accumulation of POPs in colder areas of Pakistan.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rainer Lohmann, Branislav Vrana, Derek Muir, Foppe Smedes, Jaromir Sobotka, Eddy Y. Zeng, Lian-Jun Bao, Ian J. Allan, Peleg Astrahan, Ricardo O. Barra, Terry Bidleman, Evgen Dykyi, Nicolas Estoppey, Gilberto Fillmann, Naomi Greenwood, Paul A. Helm, Liisa Jantunen, Sarit Kaserzon, J. Vinicio Macias, Keith A. Maruya, Francisco Molina, Brent Newman, Raimon M. Prats, Manolis Tsapakis, Mats Tysklind, Barend L. van Drooge, Cameron J. Veal, Charles S. Wong
Summary: Passive samplers are effective in monitoring the distribution and trends of organic pollutants in aquatic systems. The results show that certain pollutants are more concentrated in northern latitudes/Arctic Ocean, while others tend to reach equilibrium across sampling sites. Additionally, the concentrations of some pollutants are closely related to their production and use, indicating limited global transport.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Larry B. Barber, Heidi M. Pickard, David A. Alvarez, Jitka Becanova, Steffanie H. Keefe, Denis R. LeBlanc, Rainer Lohmann, Jeffery A. Steevens, Alan M. Vajda
Summary: Aqueous film-forming foams used during fire training at Joint Base Cape Cod caused significant PFAS groundwater contamination. The potential for PFAS bioconcentration from contaminated groundwater exposure was assessed through laboratory experiments using fish, mussels, POCIS, and PETS. The study found species- and compound-specific differences in bioconcentration factors and linear and bilinear uptake patterns for PFAS.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Environmental Sciences
Matthew Dunn, Jitka Becanova, Jarod Snook, Rainer Lohmann
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dylan J. Wallis, Nadine Kotlarz, Detlef R. U. Knappe, David N. Collier, C. Suzanne Lea, David Reif, James McCord, Mark Strynar, Jamie C. DeWitt, Jane A. Hoppin
Summary: The GenX Exposure Study estimated the half-lives for novel fluoroethers and developed a model to predict PFAS half-lives based on structural properties. While certain properties can predict the half-lives of PFAS, further understanding is needed.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mark Strynar, James McCord, Seth Newton, John Washington, Krista Barzen-Hanson, Xenia Trier, Yanna Liu, Ian Ken Dimzon, Boris Bugsel, Christian Zwiener, Gabriel Munoz
Summary: The intersection of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has led to the discovery of novel PFAS through non-targeted analysis (NTA), filling the data gap left by classical targeted analysis. HRMS applications will play a significant role in future environmental and human exposure studies.
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jarod Snook, Jitka Becanova, Simon Vojta, Rainer Lohmann
Summary: Characterizing sorbent affinity for a target compound is an essential step in the process of capturing aquatic contaminants, but there is currently no standardized method to measure the sorbent-water distribution coefficient, leading to significant variations in experimental setup and performance. This study systematically tested variations in experimental design and proposed a reference procedure and general guidelines for batch experiments with different compounds and sorbents. Well-constrained K (sw) values for 23 PFAS and two sorbents were also reported.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rainer Lohmann, Branislav Vrana, Derek Muir, Foppe Smedes, Jaromir Sobotka, Eddy Y. Zeng, Lian-Jun Bao, Ian J. Allan, Peleg Astrahan, Ricardo O. Barra, Terry Bidleman, Evgen Dykyi, Nicolas Estoppey, Gilberto Fillmann, Naomi Greenwood, Paul A. Helm, Liisa Jantunen, Sarit Kaserzon, J. Vinicio Macias, Keith A. Maruya, Francisco Molina, Brent Newman, Raimon M. Prats, Manolis Tsapakis, Mats Tysklind, Barend L. van Drooge, Cameron J. Veal, Charles S. Wong
Summary: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a global concern, but information on their trends in water has been missing. Passive samplers have emerged as an attractive alternative for monitoring POPs. Deployments of passive samplers at globally distributed sites showed variations in POPs concentrations, with some compounds displaying higher concentrations in specific regions. These results contribute to our understanding of the global distribution and transport of organic pollutants in aquatic systems.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthew Dunn, Jitka Becanova, Jarod Snook, Bridger Ruyle, Rainer Lohmann
