Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuanlei Chen, Evan D. Sherwin, Elena S. F. Berman, Brian B. Jones, Matthew P. Gordon, Erin B. Wetherley, Eric A. Kort, Adam R. Brandt
Summary: Limiting methane emissions from oil and gas activities presents a significant opportunity for immediate climate benefits. A basin-wide airborne survey in the New Mexico Permian Basin revealed that methane emissions accounted for 9.4% of total gas production, with 50% coming from large emission sources.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Benjamin Hmiel, David R. Lyon, Jack D. Warren, Jevan Yu, Daniel H. Cusworth, Riley M. Duren, Steven P. Hamburg
Summary: This study examines the methane emissions from oil and gas production in the Permian Basin and finds significant variations in emission intensity among different companies. It shows that nearly half of the operators have improved their performance by over 50% from 2019 to 2021.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Zhen Wang, Xiuying Zhang, Lei Liu, Shanqian Wang, Limin Zhao, Xiaodi Wu, Wuting Zhang, Xianjin Huang
Summary: The study estimated methane emissions from rice fields in China and found that double cropping and rice fields in central and southwestern China were the major sources. Additionally, water management, air temperature, and soil clay content were identified as the three dominant factors controlling CH4 emissions from paddy fields.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Clayton Roberts, Oliver Shorttle, Kaisey Mandel, Matthew Jones, Rutger Ijzermans, Bill Hirst, Philip Jonathan
Summary: Methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, has a higher radiative forcing and shorter atmospheric lifetime than carbon dioxide. By using a statistical model and nitrogen dioxide concentration data from TROPOMI, values of methane columns can be efficiently predicted, expanding the observation coverage and aiding in estimating methane emission rates.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Rong Wang, Yu Rong Cao, Xiu Min Zhang, Fan Zhang, Xu Tian, Rong Zhen Zhong, Zhi Liang Tan, Min Wang
Summary: This study found that the rate of methane emissions in dairy cows is closely associated with the height of methane eructation peaks. Lactating cows had higher rates of methane emissions compared to non-lactating cows, along with higher peak frequency, height, and area integral. The rate of methane emissions was not constant and showed a rapid increase after feeding, with a positive correlation to the height of methane eructation peaks.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dana R. Caulton, Priya D. Gurav, Anna M. Robertson, Kristen Pozsonyi, Shane M. Murphy, David R. Lyon
Summary: Quantifying methane emissions is important for mitigation, and this study found that the ethane to methane ratio can distinguish emissions from different sources. Sampling of oil and gas production sites in the Permian Basin showed that methane emissions mostly come from produced gas and oil tank flashing. Tanks were found to have methane emissions over 30 times higher than other sources.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Luke M. Western, Alice E. Ramsden, Anita L. Ganesan, Hartmut Boesch, Robert J. Parker, Tia R. Scarpelli, Rachel L. Tunnicliffe, Matthew Rigby
Summary: This study estimated methane emissions in North Africa from 2010 to 2017 using satellite observations and an inverse algorithm, showing that emissions in the Nile Delta region during summer are significantly higher than predicted, possibly due to agricultural practices and the influence of the Nile.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Florian Roth, Xiaole Sun, Marc C. Geibel, John Prytherch, Volker Bruchert, Stefano Bonaglia, Elias Broman, Francisco Nascimento, Alf Norkko, Christoph Humborg
Summary: Coastal methane emissions play a dominant role in the global ocean methane budget, but there is a lack of systematic, high-resolution, and long-term data, leading to uncertainty in coastal budgets. By studying continuous methane concentrations, delta C-13-CH4 values, and methane sea-air fluxes, researchers found that the distribution of methane in coastal habitats is patchy and highly variable over time. The concentrations of methane in different habitats can vary greatly, and there are specific seasonal and diurnal patterns. High-resolution measurements are needed to improve the reliability of methane estimates and understand the contribution of different habitats to regional and global methane budgets.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kirsten Rosselot, David T. Allen, Anthony Y. Ku
Summary: To reduce global warming, the impact of construction emissions from infrastructure must be addressed in technology switching. Current assessment methods are not realistic, and more realistic approaches should consider the temporal evolution of short-lived climate forcing species and the timing of construction emissions.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jacob T. Shaw, Amy Foulds, Shona Wilde, Patrick Barker, Freya A. Squires, James Lee, Ruth Purvis, Ralph Burton, Ioana Colfescu, Stephen Mobbs, Samuel Cliff, Stephane J. -B. Bauguitte, Stuart Young, Stefan Schwietzke, Grant Allen
Summary: Gas flaring is a significant contributor to global carbon emissions and is seen as a way to reduce the carbon footprint of the oil and gas industry. However, quantifying flaring emissions is resource-intensive and offshore regions have not been studied yet. This study presents data on CO2, CH4, C2H6, and NOx emissions from gas flaring in the North Sea, with higher combustion efficiencies observed in the Norwegian sector compared to the UK sector. The measurements were used to estimate total annual emissions from gas flaring in the North Sea.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Kuang-Yu Chang, William J. Riley, Nathan Collier, Gavin McNicol, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Sara H. Knox, Kyle B. Delwiche, Robert B. Jackson, Benjamin Poulter, Marielle Saunois, Naveen Chandra, Nicola Gedney, Misa Ishizawa, Akihiko Ito, Fortunat Joos, Thomas Kleinen, Federico Maggi, Joe McNorton, Joe R. Melton, Paul Miller, Yosuke Niwa, Chiara Pasut, Prabir K. Patra, Changhui Peng, Sushi Peng, Arjo Segers, Hanqin Tian, Aki Tsuruta, Yuanzhi Yao, Yi Yin, Wenxin Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, Qianlai Zhuang
Summary: The recent rise in atmospheric methane concentrations has negative effects on climate change and mitigation efforts. Estimates of global wetland methane emissions vary widely among different approaches, but using better-performing models can reduce the spread of these estimates. However, discrepancies in the estimates increase when using the top 20% models. It is important to expand benchmark sites to account for environmental variability and encourage the development of wetland methane models to focus on site-specific and ecosystem-specific variabilities.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Petroleum
Jason Churchill, Brenda Wise, Iain Cooper, Brendan Smith
Summary: Traditional methods for monitoring emissions from production operations have limitations in terms of subjective bias, reliance on operator skills, and inaccuracy. This paper presents a case study on using high-sensitivity sensor technology deployed on unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to target methane emissions, leveraging automation in field operation and data analysis. The results show that this method enables prompt remedial actions and effective emissions limitations.
SPE PRODUCTION & OPERATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Simon Drost, Marc Werler, Robert Schiessl, Ulrich Maas
Summary: Diethyl ether (DEE) is studied for combustion applications both as a reference substance and a potential bio-fuel, with experiments conducted in a rapid compression machine (RCM) comparing auto-ignition behaviors under different conditions.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
John R. Worden, Daniel H. Cusworth, Zhen Qu, Yi Yin, Yuzhong Zhang, A. Anthony Bloom, Shuang Ma, Brendan K. Byrne, Tia Scarpelli, Joannes D. Maasakkers, David Crisp, Riley Duren, Daniel J. Jacob
Summary: This study uses optimal estimation to quantify methane fluxes and a Bayesian algorithm to project the fluxes to emissions by sector and country. The estimates provide a pilot dataset for the global stock take in support of the Paris Agreement. However, further research is needed to address potential systematic errors in satellite-based emissions estimates.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paul Palmer, A. Jerome P. Woodwark, Douglas P. Finch, Thomas E. Taylor, Andre Butz, Johanna Tamminen, Hartmut Bosch, Annmarie Eldering, Sebastien Vincent-Bonnieu
Summary: Establishing a ground-based atmospheric measurement network in the tropics is challenging, but the International Space Station (ISS) and its successors offer opportunities to host new Earth-observing atmospheric sensors, leading to a better understanding of tropical carbon fluxes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hunter Brown, Xiaohong Liu, Rudra Pokhrel, Shane Murphy, Zheng Lu, Rawad Saleh, Tero Mielonen, Harri Kokkola, Tommi Bergman, Gunnar Myhre, Ragnhild B. Skeie, Duncan Watson-Paris, Philip Stier, Ben Johnson, Nicolas Bellouin, Michael Schulz, Ville Vakkari, Johan Paul Beukes, Pieter Gideon van Zyl, Shang Liu, Duli Chand
Summary: The study finds that current climate models overestimate the absorptivity of biomass burning aerosols, leading to inaccurate estimates of their direct radiative effects. By modifying the refractive index, size, and mixing state of the aerosols, the models can better match observations and improve accuracy in predicting aerosol effects on solar radiation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Mark Omara, Ritesh Gautam, Mackenzie L. Smith, Sudhanshu Pandey, Ilse Aben, Victor Almanza-Veloz, Stephen Conley, Sander Houweling, Eric A. Kort, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Luisa T. Molina, Abhinand Pusuluri, Tia Scarpelli, Stefan Schwietzke, Lu Shen, Miguel Zavala, Steven P. Hamburg
Summary: This study used atmospheric observations, aircraft measurements, and satellite data to quantify methane emissions from Mexico's onshore and offshore oil and gas production regions. The findings revealed significantly higher methane emissions from onshore production areas compared to offshore, with a single gas processing complex emitting more than the largest offshore production region. The research highlights the need for local empirical characterization of emissions for effective mitigation strategies.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeffrey S. Rutherford, Evan D. Sherwin, Arvind P. Ravikumar, Garvin A. Heath, Jacob Englander, Daniel Cooley, David Lyon, Mark Omara, Quinn Langfitt, Adam R. Brandt
Summary: Recent studies have shown that methane emissions from oil and gas production in the United States are typically 1.5-2 times higher than official estimates, with equipment leaks being the main cause of the discrepancy. By developing a new inventory-based model, more accurate estimates of methane emissions can be made to guide mitigation policies effectively.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Itziar Irakulis-Loitxate, Luis Guanter, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Ilse Aben
Summary: Reducing methane emissions from fossil fuel sources is crucial for mitigating climate change. In this study, we used satellite data to identify and analyze methane emission sources in Turkmenistan. We found 29 different sources, mainly associated with crude oil production fields. Our findings suggest that these sources represent a significant opportunity for mitigation efforts, and that new satellite methods can revolutionize the detection and monitoring of methane emissions worldwide.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Joannes D. Maasakkers, Mark Omara, Ritesh Gautam, Alba Lorente, Sudhanshu Pandey, Paul Tol, Tobias Borsdorff, Sander Houweling, Ilse Aben
Summary: This study quantifies and characterizes methane emissions from a natural gas well blowout in Louisiana, USA using satellite observations. The results show that the venting phase contributes the majority of the total emissions, while the flaring phase plays a smaller role. The findings demonstrate the potential of satellite data for assessing greenhouse gas emissions from large point sources.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mark Omara, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, David R. Lyon, Benjamin Hmiel, Katherine A. Roberts, Steven P. Hamburg
Summary: Although low production well sites in the US account for only a small fraction of oil and natural gas output, they are a significant source of CH4 emissions, contributing to a substantial portion of the total emissions. Therefore, mitigating emissions from these low production well sites is crucial for reducing O&G CH4 emissions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Itziar Irakulis-Loitxate, Javier Gorrono, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Luis Guanter
Summary: Mitigation of methane emissions from fossil fuel extraction is effective for slowing global warming, and the use of satellite observations to detect offshore methane plumes represents a significant breakthrough in monitoring industrial methane emissions from space.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Genevieve Plant, Eric A. Kort, Adam R. Brandt, Yuanlei Chen, Graham Fordice, Alan M. Gorchov Negron, Stefan Schwietzke, Mackenzie Smith, Daniel Zavala-Araiza
Summary: Flares do not efficiently destroy methane as assumed, and both unlit flares and inefficient combustion contribute significantly to its ineffective destruction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lu Shen, Daniel J. Jacob, Ritesh Gautam, Mark Omara, Tia R. Scarpelli, Alba Lorente, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Xiao Lu, Zichong Chen, Jintai Lin
Summary: The study reveals that global methane emissions from oil and gas are 30% higher than reported by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), mainly due to under-reporting by major emitters such as the US, Russia, Venezuela, and Turkmenistan. It also identifies eight countries with high methane emission intensities from the oil and gas sector, and suggests that reducing these intensities to the global average level would significantly decrease global oil and gas emissions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel J. Varon, Daniel J. Jacob, Benjamin Hmiel, Ritesh Gautam, David R. Lyon, Mark Omara, Melissa Sulprizio, Lu Shen, Drew Pendergrass, Hannah Nesser, Zhen Qu, Zachary R. Barkley, Natasha L. Miles, Scott J. Richardson, Kenneth J. Davis, Sudhanshu Pandey, Xiao Lu, Alba Lorente, Tobias Borsdorff, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Ilse Aben
Summary: We quantified weekly methane emissions from the Permian Basin, the largest oil production basin in the US, using satellite observations. The average oil and gas emission from the region was higher than previous estimates and showed strong week-to-week variability. New well development and natural gas spot price were significant drivers of emissions variability. The methane intensity steadily decreased but remained high compared to industry targets.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zichong Chen, Daniel J. Jacob, Ritesh Gautam, Mark Omara, Robert N. Stavins, Robert C. Stowe, Hannah Nesser, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Alba Lorente, Daniel J. Varon, Xiao Lu, Lu Shen, Zhen Qu, Drew C. Pendergrass, Sarah Hancock
Summary: We used TROPOMI satellite observations to quantify methane emissions in the Middle East and North Africa region, finding that anthropogenic emissions are 35% higher than prior estimates. Oil and gas account for 38% of total emissions, with significant variability across countries. The data also revealed the major contributors to emissions in the region, including Iran, Turkmenistan, and Saudi Arabia.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
S. Naus, J. D. Maasakkers, R. Gautam, M. Omara, R. Stikker, A. K. Veenstra, B. Nathan, I. Irakulis-Loitxate, L. Guanter, S. Pandey, M. Girard, A. Lorente, T. Borsdorff, I. Aben
Summary: Methane emissions from oil and gas production play a significant role in global warming. Using data from Sentinel-2 and TROPOMI instruments, we found that emissions from Algeria's largest gas field, Hassi R'Mel, decreased by 53% in 2020, while emissions from the oil-production-dominated area, Hassi Messaoud, increased by 79%.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lu Shen, Ritesh Gautam, Mark Omara, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Tia R. Scarpelli, Alba Lorente, David Lyon, Jianxiong Sheng, Daniel J. Varon, Hannah Nesser, Zhen Qu, Xiao Lu, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Steven P. Hamburg, Daniel J. Jacob
Summary: Using satellite data from TROPOMI, we have quantified methane emissions from O/G basins in the US and Canada and validated our results with in situ measurements. Our findings reveal significantly higher methane emissions in the US and Canada compared to the national inventories reported to the United Nations. Additionally, our method provides an effective tool for monitoring methane emissions from large O/G basins globally.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
David R. Lyon, Benjamin Hmiel, Ritesh Gautam, Mark Omara, Katherine A. Roberts, Zachary R. Barkley, Kenneth J. Davis, Natasha L. Miles, Vanessa C. Monteiro, Scott J. Richardson, Stephen Conley, Mackenzie L. Smith, Daniel J. Jacob, Lu Shen, Daniel J. Varon, Aijun Deng, Xander Rudelis, Nikhil Sharma, Kyle T. Story, Adam R. Brandt, Mary Kang, Eric A. Kort, Anthony J. Marchese, Steven P. Hamburg
Summary: Research using airborne and ground data, supported by satellite observations, measured the changes in methane emissions in the Permian Basin of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. As oil prices and production fluctuated, methane emissions also showed corresponding changes. Activity data indicate that the temporary emission reductions are mainly due to a rapid decline in well development and the subsequent effects on associated gas flaring and midstream infrastructure throughput.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)