Article
Water Resources
Muqing Shi, Takayuki Shiraiwa, Humio Mitsudera, Yaroslav Muravyev
Summary: The study revealed a significant negative correlation between the interannual variation of sea water salinity in the overturning process area and the variation of annual freshwater discharge from the western Kamchatka Peninsula, confirming the critical impact of freshwater discharge from the western Kamchatka Peninsula on the strength of the overturning process.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY-REGIONAL STUDIES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Henk Broekhuizen, Martilord Ifeanyichi, Mweene Cheelo, Grace Drury, Chiara Pittalis, Etienne Rouwette, Michael Mbambiko, John Kachimba, Ruairi Brugha, Jakub Gajewski, Leon Bijlmakers
Summary: Supervision by surgical specialists is beneficial for district-level surgical teams and establishing a provincial mentoring faculty is key for coordination and sustainability. Regular quarterly reviews at the provincial level are recommended to evaluate and adapt mentoring activities, and district hospital administrators must closely monitor mentee motivation. Surgical mentoring plays a crucial role in scaling up district-level surgery, but requires complex implementation with designated provincial level coordination and stakeholder engagement.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yi Wan, Chengli Zong, Xiangpeng Li, Aimin Wang, Yan Li, Tao Yang, Qing Bao, Michael Dubow, Mingying Yang, Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo, Chuanbin Mao
Summary: This Review provides a historical overview of microorganism defense systems (MDS) and elucidates the principles of emulating MDS to develop biosensors. It analyzes the recent advancements, current challenges, and future trends in the field, and discusses the design of biosensors using elements found in MDS.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noelle E. Selin
Summary: This review points out the current issues in the research on the environmental impacts of COVID-19, mainly the lack of comprehensive consideration of complex interactions and societal factors, which may lead to erroneous conclusions. The lack of a systems perspective in environmental research reflects a broader challenge, and researchers can better incorporate systems perspectives by taking practical steps.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chunjing Qiu, Philippe Ciais, Dan Zhu, Bertrand Guenet, Shushi Peng, Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Ronny Lauerwald, David Makowski, Angela Gallego-Sala, Dan J. Charman, Simon C. Brewer
Summary: The study indicates that northern peatlands converted to croplands emitted a significant amount of carbon during 850-2010, with some carbon sources appearing even before 1750. This carbon source exceeded the carbon accumulation of undisturbed high-latitude peatlands, and by considering the historical neglect of carbon losses from cultivated peatlands, it implies an 18% increase in terrestrial carbon storage since 1750.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chunxue Yang, Chiara Cagnazzo, Vincenzo Artale, Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli, Carlo Buontempo, Jacopo Busatto, Luca Caporaso, Claudia Cesarini, Irene Cionni, John Coll, Bas Crezee, Paolo Cristofanelli, Vincenzo de Toma, Yassmin Hesham Essa, Veronika Eyring, Federico Fierli, Luke Grant, Birgit Hassler, Martin Hirschi, Philippe Huybrechts, Eva Le Merle, Francesca Elisa Leonelli, Xia Lin, Fabio Madonna, Evan Mason, Francois Massonnet, Marta Marcos, Salvatore Marullo, Benjamin Muller, Andre Obregon, Emanuele Organelli, Artur Palacz, Ananda Pascual, Andrea Pisano, Davide Putero, Arun Rana, Antonio Sanchez-Roman, Sonia Seneviratne, Federico Serva, Andrea Storto, Wim Thiery, Peter Throne, Lander Van Tricht, Yoni Verhaegen, Gianluca Volpe, Rosalia Santoleri
Summary: The question of trust in climate services is crucial for effective use of climate information in decision-making. The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) strives to build such trust by providing independently assessed quality products. They offer access to essential climate variables (ECVs) from multiple sources to a wide range of users and use a four-pillar approach to assess product quality.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zhilu Wu, Cuixian Lu, Yuxin Zheng, Yang Liu, Yanxiong Liu, Wenxue Xu, Ke Jin, Qiuhua Tang
Summary: In this study, an overall assessment of shipborne GNSS-derived precipitable water vapor (PWV) over global oceans is performed based on six voyages from 2014 to 2018. The results show that shipborne GNSS PWV has a good accuracy, with differences compared to ground-based GNSS, ground-launched radiosonde data, ship-launched radiosonde profiles, and satellite measurements all falling within 3 mm. These findings demonstrate the importance and reliability of shipborne GNSS as a tool for climate research and numerical weather prediction.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jianling Wang, Francois Hammer, Yanbin Yang
Summary: The properties of the Magellanic Stream are prominently displayed and successfully explained using the "ram-pressure plus collision" model. The model is able to predict the latest observations and provides a promising approach to study the properties of the stream.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Claire Bomkamp, Lisa Musgrove, Diana M. C. Marques, Goncalo F. Fernando, Frederico C. Ferreira, Elizabeth A. Specht
Summary: Cultivated meat and seafood can mitigate the harms of current production methods, but cultivated seafood lacks established research protocols. Zebrafish and other fish species can provide valuable insights for cultivated meat production as they are widely used in developmental biology research.
MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana Mieliauskaite, Vilius Kontenis, Almantas Siaurys
Summary: Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a connective tissue disease with a wide range of clinical features, from benign glandular disease to aggressive systemic disorders and/or lymphoma. The pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome is still not fully understood, but it is believed to involve multiple factors. Animal models have greatly contributed to our understanding of the disease and its management.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nachiket Mor
Summary: Building good health systems is an important objective for policy makers in any country. This study analyzes the correlation between health expenditures and health outcomes, and finds that per-capita total, out-of-pocket, and pooled health expenditures have a significant impact on health outcomes, with pooled expenditures being particularly influential. However, these financial parameters can only explain part of the variation in health outcomes, and individual country contexts must also be taken into account.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ganesh R. Ghimire, Carly Hansen, Sudershan Gangrade, Shih-Chieh Kao, Peter E. Thornton, Debjani Singh
Summary: This study proposes a scalable modeling framework integrating the VIC and RAPID models with high-performance computing to assimilate streamflow data at USGS monitoring sites. The result is a reconstructed 36-year (1980-2015) daily and monthly streamflow dataset (Dayflow) at 2.7 million NHDPlusV2 stream reaches in the US. The evaluation shows improved accuracy in naturalized streamflow, particularly in arid regions, and comparisons with other national and global streamflow datasets indicate better performance and directions for further improvement.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vladimir Maderich, Kyeong Ok Kim, Roman Bezhenar, Kyung Tae Jung, Vazira Martazinova, Igor Brovchenko
Summary: The study utilized the POSEIDON-R compartment model to reconstruct Cs-137 contamination in the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans from 1945 to 2020. The main sources included global fallout, exchange flows, point-source inputs, the impact of the Chernobyl accident, and secondary contamination from river runoff. Simulation results showed that global fallout dominated in 1960-1970, while Cs-137 released from reprocessing plants exceeded other sources' contributions in 1970-1990.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Chen, Shiyuan Wang, Yahui Wang
Summary: This study used GlobeLand30 data to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern and drivers of cultivated land non-agriculturalization in China. The results showed a significant increase in the non-agriculturalization of cultivated land, especially in areas with high levels of urbanization. The gravity center of non-agriculturalized land shifted towards the northeast. Key drivers of cultivated land non-agriculturalization included GDP per capita, population density, GDP per unit of land, and total retail sales of social consumer goods. Urban expansion and large-scale cultivation of economic fruit trees were identified as major contributors to cultivated land non-agriculturalization.
Review
Geography, Physical
Shuyue Yang, Xiaotong Zhang, Shikang Guan, Wenbo Zhao, Yanjun Duan, Yunjun Yao, Kun Jia, Bo Jiang
Summary: Surface incident shortwave radiation (R-s) is crucial for substance and energy circulation, and its accurate estimation is significant for climate studies. This study validates R-s estimates from seven representative products using ground measurements from multiple data sources. The results show that the selected products generally overestimate R-s globally, with biases ranging from 0.48 to 21.27 W/m(2). Satellite retrievals demonstrate relatively better accuracy compared to ground measurements, but all selected products perform poorly at high-latitude regions with RMSEs greater than 50 W/m(2).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Jonelle T. R. Basso, Nana Y. D. Ankrah, Matthew J. Tuttle, Alex S. Grossman, Ruth-Anne Sandaa, Alison Buchan
Review
Microbiology
Adrienne M. S. Correa, Cristina Howard-Varona, Samantha R. Coy, Alison Buchan, Matthew B. Sullivan, Joshua S. Weitz
Summary: This review explores the diverse interactions between viruses and microbial hosts, emphasizing the contextual nature of virus-microorganism interactions in the environment. By synthesizing research knowledge, it highlights the nuanced outcomes of virus-microorganism interactions in natural communities and the impact of long-term infections on ecosystems.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Giulia Daly, Veronica Ghini, Alessandra Adessi, Marco Fondi, Alison Buchan, Carlo Viti
Summary: The complex relationship between microalgae and bacteria is best understood through integrated approaches that focus on metabolites. Metabolomic studies have allowed for a comprehensive understanding of these interactions, while mathematical models enhance interpretation of experimental data and generate testable hypotheses.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claire E. Elbon, Gary R. LeCleir, Matthew J. Tuttle, Sophie K. Jurgensen, Thomas G. Demas, Christian J. Keller, Tina Stewart, Alison Buchan
Summary: Bacteria can transform toxic nitrogen compounds into more benign forms and play a crucial role in maintaining the health of large-scale aquaria. This study characterized microbial communities in water and sand filtration systems of different habitats in an aquarium and investigated the abundance and potential of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) mediated by bacteria of the phylum Planctomycetes. The presence of Planctomycetes was identified in all sampled habitats, but genes specific for anammox were not found. This suggests potential novel strains within Planctomycetes in aquaria.
Article
Microbiology
Matthew J. Tuttle, Frank S. May, Jonelle T. R. Basso, Eric R. Gann, Julie Xu, Alison Buchan
Summary: The consequences of prophage induction on the physiology of microbial populations are varied and include enhanced biofilm formation, conferral of virulence, and increased opportunity for horizontal gene transfer. These traits lead to competitive advantages for lysogenized bacteria and influence bacterial lifestyles in a variety of niches. Plasmid content has a significant impact on host physiology, regardless of prophage genotype.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Benjamin H. Holt, Alison Buchan, Jennifer M. DeBruyn, Heidi Goodrich-Blair, Elizabeth McPherson, Veronica A. Brown
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jonelle T. R. Basso, Katarina A. Jones, Kaylee R. Jacobs, Courtney J. Christopher, Haley B. Fielland, Shawn R. Campagna, Alison Buchan
Summary: Bacterial growth substrates and viral infection both have a combined influence on the carbon and lipid metabolism of the host. Differences in growth substrates lead to variations in intracellular metabolites and lipid distribution patterns. The metabolite and lipid profiles of bacteria are mainly determined by the composition of the growth medium, and the fluctuations in carbon substrates, nutrients, and viral pressure in natural systems also affect the metabolome and lipidome of resident bacteria.
Article
Microbiology
April C. Armes, Jillian L. Walton, Alison Buchan
Summary: Microbial interactions are often influenced by diffusible small molecules, including secondary metabolites, which play important roles in cell-to-cell signaling and inhibition of competitors. This study investigates the role of secondary metabolites in microbial biofilm dynamics using a synthetic community of Roseobacteraceae representatives. The results provide insights into the complex interactions mediated by small molecules and their impact on microbial biofilm communities.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Kyle M. J. Mayers, Constanze Kuhlisch, Jonelle T. R. Basso, Marius R. R. Saltvedt, Alison Buchan, Ruth-Anne Sandaa
Summary: Viruses in the ocean are diverse in terms of size, host specificity, and infection cycle. They play a significant role in redirecting nutrients and can be ingested by nonhost organisms. This review focuses on the elemental composition and biogeochemical relevance of marine viruses, particularly the Nucleocytoviricota group, which includes large viral particles that serve as prey for marine grazers. The presence of lipid membranes in these viruses further enhances their nutritional value. Future research and technological advancements are needed to better understand this process.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Matthew J. Tuttle, Daniela Cejas, Donghoon Kang, Francis Muchaamba, Britta Goncarovs, Yaprak Ozakman, Fatima Aziz, Arnaud Orelle
Summary: Science literacy is important for informed decision-making, and scientists are increasingly engaging with nonscientific audiences through public outreach activities. The ambassador approach, which promotes dialogue between different groups, is effective in conveying scientific information. This article discusses the benefits and challenges of implementing an ambassador approach for science literacy promotion, proposes improvements, and advocates for increased implementation of science ambassador programs.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Michael S. Carter, Matthew J. Tuttle, Joshua A. Mancini, Rhett Martineau, Chia-Suei Hung, Maneesh K. Gupta
Summary: The production of traditional concrete requires a significant amount of energy and contributes to a large portion of annual CO2 emissions. Biocement, a building material that utilizes biological structures to bind particles, has the potential to compete with traditional concrete as a more environmentally friendly alternative. This review synthesizes evidence from materials science, microbiology, biochemistry, and cell biology to provide a model for the process of biocement production and suggest areas for further research.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)