Article
Construction & Building Technology
R. Neves, J. de Brito
Summary: The study estimated the service life of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete using prediction models, finding that increasing replacement ratio leads to decreased durability, and high-performance concrete exhibits higher durability.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ligang Peng, Weilai Zeng, Yuxi Zhao, Long Li, Chi -sun Poon, Haibing Zheng
Summary: The accelerated carbonation treatment can improve the physical properties of recycled aggregate and enhance the performance of recycled aggregate concrete. However, the corrosion and cracking induced by carbonated recycled aggregate in concrete have not been adequately addressed in previous studies. This study experimentally investigated the effects of accelerated carbonation treatment on the physical properties of recycled aggregate and the performance of recycled aggregate concrete. The results show that carbonated recycled aggregate exhibits improved water absorption and slightly higher density. Carbonated recycled aggregate concrete demonstrates higher compressive strength, better resistance to steel corrosion, and reduced corrosion-induced cracking, which can be attributed to the enhanced micro-hardness of the interfacial transition zones between new and old mortar.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Linh Van Hong Bui, Pitcha Jongvivatsakul, Pornpen Limpaninlachat, Boonchai Stitmannaithum, Thanh-Truong Nguyen, Trong-Phuoc Nguyen
Summary: The study investigated the applicability of the FE method for simulating the structural responses of degraded RC beams repaired with SFRC. The results showed that beams repaired with SFRC with 2% of steel fiber volume had the largest crack resistance after high corrosion degree. The failure of SFRC-repaired beams tended to shift from brittle shear failure to ductile failure.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hao Bao, Min Yu, Yin Chi, Yu Liu, Jianqiao Ye
Summary: This study conducted systematic supercritical carbonation tests on SPFRC to evaluate its performance, finding that the addition of steel fibers or polypropylene fibers can accelerate the carbonation process and increase compressive strength, with carbonation depth increasing with fiber addition.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ueli M. Angst
Summary: The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during concrete production leads to decreased alkalinity of the concrete, which is perceived as a durability problem due to the assumption that reduced alkalinity causes corrosion. However, practical experience shows that loss of alkalinity doesn't necessarily lead to significant corrosion. This knowledge presents an opportunity for a new paradigm that allows controlling corrosion while tolerating reduced alkalinity, but science-based models are needed to predict the corrosion performance of new concretes.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Andre Valente Monteiro, Arlindo Goncalves
Summary: This article presents a probabilistic methodology based on a frequentist approach for assessing the limit state of depassivation of concrete structures. It introduces the concept of passivation curve, providing a valuable tool for decision-making in the life-cycle management of concrete structures. The article also discusses the experimental and code requirements for condition assessment and the physical interpretation of passivation probability.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lijie Chen, Ray Kai Leung Su
Summary: The geometry of rebars, such as rib shape and diameter, has significant effects on the steel-concrete interface. Corrosion initiation of vertical rebars is associated with interfacial porosity and the local water content near horizontal rebars is influenced by rebar diameter.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Brian Jacks Odero, Raphael Mutuku, Timothy Nyomboi, Zachary Abiero Gariy
Summary: Shear resistance by beams without stirrups in reinforced concrete (RC) beams is influenced by the complex shear mechanism, especially in structures containing recycled aggregate (RCA). This study developed a numerical shear model that considered fracture characteristics, modes I and II, along with dowel action, aggregate interlock, and the uncracked compression zone. The model successfully captured the correlation among shear arm ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, maximum coarse aggregate size, and concrete strength. It was validated using experimental results from 139 concrete beams containing RCA without stirrups, and showed relatively higher shear strength predictions due to the inclusion of multiple factors.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Renjie Mi, Ganghua Pan, Tong Kuang
Summary: The study investigated the optimization of mixing processes to enhance the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone in recycled aggregate concrete. Results showed that certain mixing methods decreased the carbonation and steel corrosion zone widths by improving microstructures and reducing interfacial effect zones. Additionally, the study indicated that carbonation and steel corrosion zone widths were higher when using residual mortar samples compared to added mortar samples.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lijie Chen, Ray Kai Leung Su
Summary: The use of SCMs can decrease the corrosion initiation of carbonated RC. However, the research on the corrosion propagation of carbonated SCM concrete is limited. This study investigates the microcell and macrocell corrosion behaviors of carbonated SCM concrete and proposes a numerical model to examine the effect of macrocell corrosion on the duration of corrosion propagation. The results show that macrocell corrosion plays a significant role in carbonated SCM concrete.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pawel Tworzewski, Wioletta Raczkiewicz, Przemyslaw Czapik, Justyna Tworzewska
Summary: Periodic or situational diagnostic tests are crucial for existing buildings, especially historical ones. Advanced non-destructive or semi-destructive methods should be used for buildings in use. The assessment of reinforcement condition and concrete cover is particularly important in reinforced concrete structures.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Dang Quang Ngo, Huy Cuong Nguyen, Huu Tai Dinh, Duy Tien Nguyen, Dinh Loc Mai
Summary: This paper investigates the shear behavior of corroded stirrups reinforced concrete beams strengthened with textile reinforced concrete. Experimental results show that the shear strength of corroded specimens decreased by 16.08% to 25.34%, while the shear capacity of corroded beams strengthened with carbon TRC improved by 60.6%.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Fahed Alrshoudi
Summary: Experimental investigation on textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) beams showed differences in failure behavior and tension stiffening compared to conventional steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) beams, with TRC beams exhibiting 56% higher moment capacity and 7 times higher tension stiffening.
ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohammad Ali Asaad, Ghasan Fahim Huseien, Mohammad Hajmohammadian Baghban, Pandian Bothi Raja, Roman Fediuk, Iman Faridmehr, Fahed Alrshoudi
Summary: The study investigated the inhibiting effect of Gum Arabic-nanoparticles (GA-NPs) on the corrosion of reinforced concrete exposed to carbon dioxide for 180 days. The results showed that incorporating 3% GA-NPs inhibitor into concrete formed a protective layer over the steel reinforcement, significantly inhibiting corrosion and improving carbonation resistance.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Federica Lollini, Elena Redaelli
Summary: This study exposed 7-day cured RC specimens made with different binders in Milan to evaluate their service life in unsheltered conditions through experimental data. Results showed that RC specimens made with Portland cement exhibited the lowest carbonation coefficient and corrosion rate.
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
B. B. Yin, W. K. Sun, Yang Zhang, K. M. Liew
Summary: This study proposes a novel meshfree framework based on bond-based peridynamics (PD) using finite deformation theory to model the large deformation and progressive fracture of hyperelastic materials. The framework introduces an original bond strain and a numerical damping parameter to improve the solution accuracy and stability of explicit time integration. It outperforms grid-based methods in capturing complex crack features and has been successfully validated in various examples. The framework has wide compatibility with hyperelastic models and has potential applications in elastomer-hydrogel composites and soft tissues modeling.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Yalong Wang, Chaoying Li, Haidong Liu, Jin Lin, Shouxiang Lu, Kim Meow Liew
Summary: The electric fault arc, especially the series arc, causes numerous electrical fires. Previous studies have limitations in focusing on gaseous atmospheres instead of solid materials, which is not in line with the actual demand, and in restricting the studied external heat sources to cone heaters and flames, neglecting the electric arc. To overcome these limitations, an experimental platform was developed to investigate flame behavior during the ignition of cable insulation material by the fault arc. A flame-extracting and noise-reduction algorithm was proposed to process the high-speed camera's large number of photos. The main findings include the significant role of the appropriate size of the structuring element in filtering the flame region, the increase in mean flame area with system load growth, and the more prominent flame size and frequency in specific locations with increased system load. The in-depth understanding of flame behavior provided by this work will contribute to optimizing electric system design and disaster prevention.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Gen Li, Arslan Akbar, Lu-Wen Zhang, Federico Rosei, K. M. Liew
Summary: This article focuses on an original molecular pathway to predict the durability and analyze the environmental impact of fluoroalkyl-silane (FS) based additive modified cementitious composites in marine environment. By revealing the calcium leaching behaviors of cement composites through molecular simulation, the study evaluates the porosity and chloride diffusion coefficient to determine their lifespan. The results show that FS surface modification can eliminate decalcification, decrease porosity, and slow down chloride accumulation. The optimal mixing content of 0.762 wt % FS significantly reduces repair frequencies and diminishes CO2 emissions and non-renewable energy consumption by 52.33% and 31.07% respectively. This research provides atomic understanding for improving the durability of cement composites and proposes strategies to predict their service life and environmental impact.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yalong Wang, Ning Kang, Jin Lin, Shouxiang Lu, Kim Meow Liew
Summary: Flame retardant cables are widely used, but the thermal degradation behavior of PVC cable insulation materials with different flame-retardant levels has not been extensively studied. Four flame-retardant and one non-flame-retardant PVC cable insulation materials were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis. The results show differences in the first peaks of the thermal degradation behavior, but similarities in the second peaks. Evaluating the flame-retardant performance solely based on activation energy is not sufficient. The findings provide a basis for evaluating the thermal degradation behavior of PVC cable insulation materials and can be useful for numerical simulations of electrical fires.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei-Kang Sun, B. B. Yin, Lu-Wen Zhang, K. M. Liew
Summary: To develop better diagnosis and treatment techniques for cardiovascular diseases, such as aneurysms, it is urgent to have a deeper understanding of the biomechanical mechanisms and failure behaviors of blood vessels. This study proposes a novel virtual bar model for surrounding tissues and correlates the residual stress and loads from the surrounding tissues with the perivascular pressures of the blood vessels. Additionally, a meshfree framework is developed to model the deformation and rupture of blood vessels using the Fung-type hyperelasticity and the Casson's non-Newtonian fluid model. The study successfully captures the blood pressure-induced spontaneous ruptures of blood vessels.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiongfei Gao, Lu-Wen Zhang, K. M. Liew
Summary: This study reveals the electric double layer (EDL) structure at the interface between gallium-based liquid metal (GBLM) electrode and aqueous electrolyte for the first time, using density functional theory (DFT) calculation and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation. The EDL structure originates from the specific adsorption of gallates on GBLM, forming an inner Helmholtz layer (IHL) and attracting a diffusion layer with opposite charges. The excess negative charge on GBLM surface interferes with the adsorbed gallates and amplifies the interface potential change across EDL. The proposed EDL structure contributes to a deeper understanding of the electrochemical processes occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interface in GBLM aqueous batteries.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
A. O. Sojobi, K. M. Liew
Summary: High performance column composites are multifunctional composites designed to improve resilience of structures and infrastructures. They have been found attractive in earthquake-prone regions for their superior mechanical performance.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Z. X. Lei, Junwei Ma, W. K. Sun, B. B. Yin, K. M. Liew
Summary: Composite structures can experience significant residual strength reduction due to invisible damage caused by impacts, which can result in severe harm without warning. Incorporating fibers, such as carbon and glass fibers, into composite laminates can enhance their impact resistance and compressive strength. This study investigated the dynamic response and residual strength of laminates reinforced with twill woven carbon fiber, glass fiber, and carbon/glass fiber hybrid under low-velocity impact and compression-after-impact testing. The results showed that adding glass fibers altered the impact damage mode and improved the laminates' impact resistance and compressive strength. The study also characterized the damage morphologies and failure mechanisms of the laminates, providing valuable insights for their structural design and performance improvement.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
G. Li, B. B. Yin, L. W. Zhang, K. M. Liew
Summary: Fibers effectively prevent the structural deterioration of cementitious composites under repeated loadings. The interface between fiber and hydraulic cement matrix has mysterious fatigue behavior. This work demonstrates by atomic modelling that fiber, pore water, and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) create a dynamically balanced system, keeping the stability of cement matrix under cyclic loading.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
B. B. Yin, W. K. Sun, Yang Zhang, K. M. Liew
Summary: Polymer gels can be effectively simulated using a three-dimensional meshfree framework based on bond-based peridynamics, which enables dynamic simulations with complex geometric configurations. The proposed method exhibits superior performance in modeling blunt impacts on polymer gels compared to finite element counterparts, and can be easily extended to penetration impact problems.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Renjie Mi, Tao Yu, Chi Sun Poon
Summary: Carbon sequestration in concrete can be achieved by using the space in porous coarse aggregates and cations in alkaline slurry without affecting concrete strength development or pH value of the concrete pore solution. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this method.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Renjie Mi, Zhibin Zhang, Weiming Ji, Shichang Liu, M. F. Kai, Kui Lin, Yongshan Tan
Summary: The solidification/stabilisation behaviours of Zn2+ in magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) were investigated through experiments and density functional theory (DFT) study. The addition of Zn2+ reduced the compressive strength of MKPC by delaying the formation of MgKPO4 center dot 6H(2)O and exhibiting lower binding energy compared to Mg2+. Zn2+ existed as Zn-2(OH)PO4 in MKPC and had little influence on the structure of MgKPO4 center dot 6H(2)O.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Weiwei Zhang, Hao Yu, Binbin Yin, Arslan Akbar, K. M. Liew
Summary: This review explores the recycling of end-of-life wind turbine blades (EoL-WTBs) and their potential applications in civil engineering. Mechanical, thermal, and chemical recycling methods are examined, highlighting the hierarchical valorization of EoL-WTBs recyclates in construction. However, challenges such as technical complexity, cost, market demand, and regulatory frameworks hinder widespread adoption. Standardization, efficient transportation systems, well-structured recycling supply chains, and economic feasibility analysis are recommended to address these issues.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
B. B. Yin, Gen Li, Yang Zhang, K. M. Liew
Summary: In this study, a molecular model was developed to describe the optimized properties of LC3 blend, revealing the relationship between its structure and mechanical properties, tensile deformation behaviors, and failure mechanisms. The findings provide insights into the development of sustainable cementitious composites for the construction industry with lower environmental impacts.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
W. K. Sun, B. B. Yin, Arslan Akbar, V. K. R. Kodur, K. M. Liew
Summary: This paper proposes a variable timestep-strategy to accelerate the peridynamic modeling of thermomechanical cracking, and demonstrates its advantages in various aspects.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Qi Jiang, Wei Liu, Shaopeng Wu, Xuanwen Gou
Summary: This study analyzes the erosion mechanisms of NaCl solution on asphalt concrete and finds that NaCl solution softens asphalt and promotes the intrusion of crystalline salt into it. Salt crystallization alters the surface roughness of aggregates, resulting in a decrease in skid resistance but an improvement in compressive strength. Additionally, the concentration of NaCl solution initially has no significant impact on the mechanical performance of asphalt concrete, but its domination gradually increases with the intensification of cyclic effects.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lili Kan, Lan-qing Dai, Ning Kong, Bin Peng, Fei Wang
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of freezing and thawing cycles on the tensile behavior of cracked ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The results show that long-term freezing and thawing action deteriorates the cracking strength, tensile strength, tensile strain, and strain energy of cracked UHPC. On the other hand, the action of water generally favors the development of tensile properties of UHPC. The crack distribution tends to be unsaturated under freezing and thawing environment, and the re-hydration reaction is hindered. The pore structure near the crack varies under different environments.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xin Xiao, Jingwei Li, Qingke Meng, Xiangshan Hou, Yanhui Liu, Xujiang Wang, Wenlong Wang, Shengtao Lu, Yuzhong Li, Yanpeng Mao, Tong Li
Summary: Preparing gypsum-based self-leveling mortar (GSLM) using beta-hemihydrate gypsum and solid wastes-derived sulfoaluminate cement (WSAC) can improve the mechanical performance of the mortar, but phosphorus impurities can weaken the hydration speed and degree.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sihang Bao, Junzhen Di, Yanrong Dong, Ziqing Gao, Qing Gu, Yuanfang Zhao, Hongyu Zhai
Summary: Tailings dam break and leakage accidents pose a threat to the safety of people in mining areas and cause severe environmental pollution. This study focuses on solidifying tailing sand using microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) to improve strength and fix heavy metals. The curing time of MICP bio-cemented tailings is found to significantly impact the strength of tailings, while its effect on heavy metal fixation is minimal. The optimized MICP curing time is 10 days, resulting in improved strength and cementation of tailings particles.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ferhat Benmahiddine, Fares Bennai, Achraf Charaka, Ameur El Amine Hamami, Abdelkader Tahakourt, Rafik Belarbi
Summary: This paper studied the effects of hysteresis on the hygrothermal behavior at the building scale. Through laboratory validation and numerical simulations, it was found that hysteresis has a significant impact on the relative humidity and total heat fluxes in buildings, while it does not have a noticeable effect on temperature variations.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
You Gao, Wei He, Xiayang Zhang, De'an Sun, Pei Li
Summary: This study determined the boundary line between the swelling and compression deformation zone in lateritic clay through wetting tests, and proposed a simple bimodal SWRC model. It also found that the existing strength model underestimated the tested values in the medium to high suction range, therefore a segmented strength equation was introduced for enhanced predictions of the strength properties of lateritic clay.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Prabhath Ranjan Kumar Soda, Asheer Mogal, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Nikhil Thota, Nimish Bandaru, Sanjay Kumar Shukla, K. M. Mini
Summary: This study investigates the use of encapsulated bacteria to improve the self-healing ability of concrete. Through various tests, it is found that using 20% cement-coated alginate beads (CCAB) and 5% nanosilica (NS) can achieve optimal strength and healing. This research is significant for enhancing the durability of concrete.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shizhe Wang, Haiping Wu, Wen Yang, Wei Wang, Zhibo Zhu, Kun Nie, Luoxin Wang, Hua Wang, Jing Wu
Summary: In this study, photothermal-heat storage concrete (PHSC) was developed with excellent photothermal conversion performance and heat storage capacity. By absorbing and storing solar energy during the day and releasing it at night, PHSC can effectively reduce energy consumption in buildings.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Robin Deb, Jialuo He, Geetika Mishra, Yaghoob (Amir) Farnam
Summary: Incorporation techniques of phase change materials in cementitious composites have a significant influence on thermal properties. This study investigated the thermal behavior of low-temperature PCM when subjected to varying temperature change rates and pore confinement inside the porous network of lightweight aggregates. The results showed that ramp rates affect the nucleation and crystallization growth process during the phase transition, and the pore structure of the aggregates affects the supercooling phenomenon and confinement pressure of the PCM.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Eduardo Ferreira, Payam Sotoudeh, Dagmar Svecova
Summary: This study investigates the fatigue behavior of concrete under different stress reversal conditions. The results indicate that stress reversal generally causes more severe damage and reduces the cycles to failure compared to tensile fatigue. Additionally, adding some level of compression contributes to the energy required for failure under stress reversal fatigue. Specimens with higher concentration of fractured aggregates achieve longer fatigue lives.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mag Raj Gehlot, Sandeep Shrivastava
Summary: This study evaluates the compatibility relationship between plaster bonds and the substrate under an accelerated aging environment, and finds that incorporating an appropriate amount of granite cutting waste can improve the strength parameters and adhesion of the cement mortar.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Min Zhang, Qirui Luo, Mingke Deng, Shixing Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the bond behavior between carbon FRCM composites with added short fibers and concrete substrates. The effects of different factors were considered and 36 specimens were tested and discussed. The experimental results were analyzed in terms of failure mode, load-slip curve, and characteristic parameters, and the contribution of weft yarns was taken into account in the developed bondslip model.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Dengkai Liu, Hongniao Chen, Ray Kai Leung Su
Summary: The susceptibility of building stones to fire and high temperature was investigated in this study by examining their physical and mechanical properties. The results show that both compressive and tensile properties of stones are affected by temperature changes. The tensile strength is particularly sensitive to temperature changes, requiring special attention to the components subjected to tensile stress in stone buildings. Principal component analysis was used to predict the mechanical properties of stones, providing a new method for calculating the residual mechanical properties after high temperature or fire.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Joso Maria Raposo, Eduardo Cavaco, Luis Costa Neves, Eduardo Julio
Summary: This paper investigates the correlation between the friction coefficient and the surface roughness of concrete-to-concrete interfaces. Experimental tests were performed on specimens with different surface treatments, and the surface roughness parameters were analyzed and correlated with the shear strength and friction coefficient. The results showed that certain roughness parameters had a strong positive correlation with the friction coefficient, while others had little or no correlation. A novel combined roughness parameter with optimized correlation was proposed.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chiara Riccardi, Massimo Losa
Summary: The interest in using bio materials in asphalt pavements is growing due to economic reasons and environmental benefits. This study aimed to review the use of bio extenders as additives in binders, with a focus on replacements greater than 20% of fossil binder. The properties of bio-extended binders were found to vary substantially depending on the biomass source and production process.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
