Article
Engineering, Chemical
Anan Zhao, Min Zhang, Yuemei Bao, Lingfeng Zhao, Guanhua Liu, Yanjun Jiang, Peng Zhang, Xingzhong Cao
Summary: In this study, a soluble porous organic cage RCC3 was used as an amine monomer to fabricate polyamide membrane via interfacial polymerization. The resulting membrane exhibited loose structure, high water permeability, and excellent dye rejection. Additionally, the membrane showed outstanding anti-fouling capacity and long-term stability.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shiwei Guo, Yinhua Wan, Xiangrong Chen, Jianquan Luo
Summary: This review summarizes the development and applications of the emerging loose nanofiltration (LNF) membrane in resource recovery from biomass and wastewater. LNF membranes, with higher selectivity and lower operating pressure, are mainly prepared through phase inversion and interfacial polymerization, and are applied for the separation of saccharides, polyphenols, pigments, dyes, and salts to minimize environmental pollution.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tengfei Pei, Miao Deng, Cai Ma, Hao Yan, Aimei Zhu, Liyi Ye, Qinglin Liu, Qiugen Zhang
Summary: In this study, loose nanofiltration membranes based on the interfacial polymerization reaction between glutaraldehyde and amine were developed for dye/salt separation. The resulting membranes showed excellent permeance, hydrophilicity, and dye/salt selectivity. The addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate helped regulate monomer diffusion behavior and improve membrane performance. The membranes also exhibited good anti-fouling properties, making them suitable for dye recycling and purification.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yue Zong, Ruijun Zhang, Shanshan Gao, Hailin Chang, Bart Van der Bruggen, Jiayu Tian
Summary: An anti-drying NF membrane was successfully constructed on a PTFE MF substrate using a novel 3/2-IP interfacial polymerization strategy, resulting in the production of a defect-free polyamide film with nano-wrinkled structure. This membrane exhibits desiccation tolerance and desirable separation performance.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Liyuan Fan, Yan Wang, Shaobin Wen, Tianheng Wang, Xiaoling Xu, Bingyu Wang, Qiang Zhang
Summary: In this study, a dense and porous poly(thioester) linkage was successfully constructed on a commercial membrane surface using CD-SH and TMC as monomers via interfacial polymerization in separate aqueous and organic phases. The resulting composite membrane exhibited superior separation performance with high rejection rates for different anionic dyes and low rejection rates for salts, as well as high-efficiency sieving ability for dye/dye and dye/salt mixtures.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Liyuan Fan, Yan Wang, Shaobin Wen, Tianheng Wang, Xiaoling Xu, Bingyu Wang, Qiang Zhang
Summary: In this study, a highly active thiolated beta-cyclodextrin monomer was introduced to fabricate a dense and porous poly(thioester) linkage on a commercial membrane surface. The composite membrane exhibited superior separation performance and stability.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mengying Xu, Xiaoquan Feng, Zhe liu, Xinwei Han, Junyong Zhu, Jing Wang, Bart Van der Bruggen, Yatao Zhang
Summary: Rational material design and controllable membrane preparation technology are key to improving membrane separation performance and anti-fouling ability. In this study, a high performance self-cleaning loose TFN membrane was developed using melamine and photocatalytic Zn-TCPP laminates embedded in the membrane. The membrane showed enhanced water permeance, good dye rejection, and the ability to degrade organic pollutants under visible light. The findings offer a new approach for fabricating high performance self-cleaning loose nanofiltration membranes.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Longwei Huang, Ke Zheng, Yuting Jin, Shaoqi Zhou
Summary: In this study, a thin-film composite NF membrane (PES-DPS) was fabricated through interfacial polymerization using 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DPS) and trimesoyl chloride. The PES-DPS membrane exhibited excellent chlorine resistance and enhanced dye/salt separation performances. The optimal PES-DPS-1 membrane displayed high rejection of direct blue 71 and low rejection of NaCl, while maintaining high pure water flux even at low-operating pressures. Furthermore, the membrane showed outstanding chlorine stability even after immersion in NaClO solution.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yufan Hao, Na Yang, Longfei Zhang, Yao Fang, Yongli Sun, Bin Jiang, Luhong Zhang
Summary: In this study, a complex-dissociation regulated interfacial polymerization (CDRIP) strategy was proposed to prepare highly permeable polyamide-based (PA-based) nanofiltration (NF) membranes. By forming and dissociating complex on the membrane surface, the surface properties were adjusted and the mass transfer resistance was reduced, resulting in improved permeability of the NF membranes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
KunKai Ma, Xiaoshuang Li, Xianger Xia, Yezhen Chen, Zhenchao Luan, Hongyue Chu, Bing Geng, Mei Yan
Summary: Ionic liquids were used to improve the solubility of BPAF, and fluorinated polyarylester thin film composite membranes were synthesized on PAN base membranes using interfacial polymerization method. The addition of fluorinated monomer could regulate the surface morphology and roughness of TFC membranes. PAN-F-0.5 sample exhibited high permeance for methanol and showed excellent performance after continuous immersion in DMF for 90 days (room temperature) and 7 days (80 degrees C).
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Pengrui Jin, Junyong Zhu, Shushan Yuan, Gang Zhang, Alexander Volodine, Miaomiao Tian, Jianxiu Wang, Patricia Luis, Bart Van der Bruggen
Summary: Loose nanofiltration membranes with remarkable water permeability have been developed for efficient fractionation of dyes and salts in the treatment of textile wastewater, showing excellent rejection of dyes and transmission of salts. The novel polyester membrane with high water permeability is hydrophilic, negatively charged, and has microsphere structures on the surface, indicating potential applications in wastewater treatment.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ju Bai, Wei Lai, Lili Gong, Luqi Xiao, Guosheng Wang, Linglong Shan, Shuangjiang Luo
Summary: A study proposed an ionic liquid regulating strategy to optimize the acid resistance membrane, improving the membrane permeance and selectivity by rearranging the interfacial polymerization process to achieve smaller and more porous membrane pores.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lan-Qian Li, Yong-Jian Tang, Zhen-Liang Xu
Summary: This study presents a new approach for preparing high-performance NF membrane with good chemical stability using ultra-low concentration monomers. The newly prepared membrane showed comparable surface smoothness, pore size distribution, and desalination performance to lab-made and commercial PIP-TMC membranes.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dong Wang, Na Zhang, Jiaojiao Zhang, Yuyao Qin, Sen Wang, Chuyang Y. Tang, Zhining Wang
Summary: This study presents a simple and versatile method to prepare novel polyamide nanofiltration membranes via a hydrogel-assisted interfacial polymerization process. The diffusion of piperazine was precisely controlled by adjusting the hydrogel composition and crosslinking degree, resulting in the formation of a thin film composite membrane with improved water permeance and Na2SO4 rejection due to the synergistic effect of decreased thickness and improved surface hydrophilicity.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Rui Li, Shaochong Cao, Xiaoquan Feng, Jiayu Don, Xiaoxi Guo, Huixian Wang, Yatao Zhang
Summary: In this study, a novel polymer membrane was fabricated via interfacial polymerization on porous polyacrylonitrile substrates. The membrane showed high water permeance, high dye retention, low salt retention, exceptional molecular sieving, chlorine resistance, and antifouling properties, making it a promising candidate for dye purification and other separation processes.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yu Hao, Doudou Feng, Lei Hou, Tianyu Li, Yucong Jiao, Peiyi Wu
Summary: The gel electrolyte with multifunctional charged groups can effectively address the dendrite formation issue and consecutive side reactions in aqueous Zn batteries. The charged groups can texture the Zn2+ nucleation and deposition plane, inducing uniform growth of Zn metal and eliminating side reactions for high rate performance. This design of gel electrolyte shows promise for safe, flexible, and wearable energy storage devices.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaofang Shi, Zhouyue Lei, Peiyi Wu
Summary: This study develops a multifunctional ionic skin that can modulate light and protect human skin from harmful ultraviolet and infrared lights. The skin also enables human-machine interactions through wireless and optically camouflaged Morse codes, which is expected to promote the development of smart wearable devices with customizable functions.
SCIENCE CHINA-MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qi Gong, Lei Hou, Tianyu Li, Yucong Jiao, Peiyi Wu
Summary: A water dispersible and molecular interaction regulated polymer binder (PNAVS) was elaborately designed for Li-S batteries, showing coordination of LiPS with higher binding energy, optimized Li* diffusion coefficient, and ultrastable open circuit voltage for more than 3000 h. The binder engineering strategy in this work will propel the practical applications of high-performance batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhouyue Lei, Wei Gao, Weiyan Zhu, Peiyi Wu
Summary: Wearable technologies require power supplies that can generate electricity continuously and are mechanically compatible with the human body. This study successfully developed highly conductive and anti-fatigue thermocells using bionic mechanical training. The thermocells exhibit enhanced mechanical performance and output power density compared to existing thermocells, with improved mechanical toughness and ionic conductivity, as well as good stretchability and power density.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huai Xiang, Xiaoxia Li, Baohu Wu, Shengtong Sun, Peiyi Wu
Summary: A highly damping ionic elastomer with energy-dissipating nanophases embedded in an elastic matrix is introduced, which has excellent properties and can be used for sensing and protecting applications in soft electronics and robotics.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhilong Tian, Lei Hou, Doudou Feng, Peiyi Wu, Yucong Jiao
Summary: In this study, a lithium bond enriched polymer gel (PAEV) was designed to achieve polymer electrolytes with adjustable ionic conductivity and tunable mechanical properties. The electrolyte showed enhanced capacity and performance in lithium-ion batteries at different temperatures.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lei Peng, Lei Hou, Peiyi Wu
Summary: Photonic ionic elastomers (PIEs) with multiple signal outputs are challenging to fabricate with mechanical robustness, good ionic conductivity, and brilliant structure color. This study introduces the synergistic effect of lithium and hydrogen bonds into a PIE, leading to enhanced mechanical strength and toughness. The PIEs also exhibit synchronous electrical and optical output under mechanical strains and extraordinary stability under extreme conditions. This work offers a promising molecular engineering route for high-performance photonic ionic conductors in advanced ionotronic applications.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haiyan Qiao, Shengtong Sun, Peiyi Wu
Summary: Humans use periodically ridged fingertips for precise perception of object characteristics through ion-based mechanotransduction. Designing artificial ionic skins with similar tactile capabilities is challenging due to the contradiction between compliance and pressure sensing. Inspired by the hierarchical structure of fingertips, an aesthetic ionic skin with periodic stiff ridges embedded in a soft hydrogel matrix is developed, enabling strain-undisturbed pressure sensing and texture recognition. This approach can inspire the design of high-performance ionic tactile sensors for soft robotics and prosthetics.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhen Meng, Yucong Jiao, Peiyi Wu
Summary: A polyzwitterion protective layer (PZIL) was developed to prevent dendrite formation and side reactions on zinc anode, improving the safety and stability of zinc ion batteries. The PZIL adsorbs onto the zinc metal, inhibiting side reactions, and chelates with zinc ions to regulate solvation structure. Additionally, the Hofmeister effect enhances interfacial contact during electrochemical characterization. The symmetrical zinc battery with PZIL exhibited stable performance for over 1000 hours at an ultra-high current density of 40 mA cm(-2).
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Zhao, Zhouyue Lei, Peiyi Wu
Summary: Converting building and environment heat into electricity is a promising strategy for energy harvest. However, typical thermoelectric materials face challenges in outdoor building systems due to processing difficulties, mechanical brittleness, and low environmental tolerance. This research explores a concept based on synergistic ionic associations to improve the mechanical properties and harsh environment stability of ionic-type thermoelectric gels. These gels demonstrate high stretchability, self-healing ability, temperature insensitivity, and water-proof performance, and can be applied to various surfaces. They also exhibit remarkable thermal and humidity stability, and can generate significant thermovoltage even on cloudy days.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hongbo Wan, Baohu Wu, Lei Hou, Peiyi Wu
Summary: This study reports the fabrication of amphibious polymer materials with outstanding mechanical performances. By utilizing multi-scale nanostructures, a composite of polyvinyl alcohol/poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate) (PVA/PMEA) was prepared, which demonstrated excellent stability and high mechanical strength in both hydrated and dehydrated states. This research provides a promising route for constructing high-performance polymer materials for complex load-bearing environments.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhouyue Lei, Peiyi Wu
Summary: Stretchable hydrogels have been developed to interact with biological interfaces, but lack the intelligence of biological systems. To overcome this limitation, researchers have developed asymmetric trimeric hydrogels inspired by biological ion channels. These hydrogels can sense external stimuli, encode logical responses, emulate synaptic plasticity, and even memorize images in a multistore model. Moreover, they are transparent, stretchable, and work stably under large deformation, overcoming the limitations of conventional electronic devices. This bionic design opens up possibilities for intelligent hydrogel ionotronics and bridges the gap between human-machine interfaces.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiahui Huang, Xianwu Huang, Peiyi Wu
Summary: A multifunctional MXene nanocomposite hydrogel is reported, which can be readily prepared and processed via the fast gelation of a cationic monomer initiated by delaminated MXene sheets. The resulting nanocomposites are ultrastretchable, three-dimensional printable, and show outstanding mechanical and electrical self-healing properties. The integration of these multifunctional systems onto various substrates through 3D printing demonstrates great prospects as smart flexible electronics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiahui Huang, Zhenchuan Yu, Peiyi Wu
Summary: Shaping soft and conductive materials through 3D printing drives innovation in various applications, such as robotic counterparts that emulate biological systems. A tricomponent ionogel-based ink design is reported in this study, which addresses the challenges of printability and synergy among ink components. This ink design strategy greatly extends material choice and provides valuable guidance in constructing diverse artificial systems by 3D printing.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Doudou Feng, Yucong Jiao, Peiyi Wu
Summary: In this study, a polymeric acid hydrogel electrolyte was fabricated for high performance Zn/polyaniline batteries. The electrolyte showed high cycling stability and high discharge capacity in a wide temperature range, making it a promising candidate for advanced aqueous batteries.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinping Zhang, Yuxin Guo, Xiaoyang Liu, Shun-Yu Wu, Ya-Xuan Zhu, Shao-Zhe Wang, Qiu-Yi Duan, Ke-Fei Xu, Zi-Heng Li, Xiao-Yu Zhu, Guang-Yu Pan, Fu-Gen Wu
Summary: This study develops a nanotrigger HCFT for simultaneous photodynamic therapy and light-triggered ferroptosis therapy. The nanotrigger can relieve tumor hypoxia, induce enhanced photodynamic reaction, and facilitate the continuation of Fenton reaction, ultimately leading to lethal ferroptosis in tumor cells.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Olumide Bolarinwa Ayodele, Toyin Daniel Shittu, Olayinka S. Togunwa, Dan Yu, Zhen-Yu Tian
Summary: This study focused on the semihydrogenation of acetylene in an ethylene-rich stream using two alloyed Pt catalysts PtCu and PtCo. The PtCu catalyst showed higher activity and ethylene yield compared to PtCo due to its higher unoccupied Pt d-orbital density. This indicates that alloying Pt with Cu is more promising for industrial relevant SHA catalyst.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guowei Chen, Wen-Cheng Chen, Yaozu Su, Ruicheng Wang, Jia-Ming Jin, Hui Liang, Bingxue Tan, Dehua Hu, Shaomin Ji, Hao-Li Zhang, Yanping Huo, Yuguang Ma
Summary: This study proposes an intramolecular dual-locking design for organic luminescent materials, achieving high luminescence efficiency and performance for deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes. The material also exhibits unique mechanochromic luminescence behavior and strong fatigue resistance.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Joren van Stee, Gregory Hermans, Jinu Joseph John, Koen Binnemans, Tom Van Gerven
Summary: This work presents a continuous solvent extraction method for the separation of cobalt and nickel in a millifluidic system using Cyphos IL 101 (C101) as the extractant. The optimal conditions for extraction performance and solvent properties were determined by investigating the effects of channel length, flow rate, and temperature. The performance of a developed manifold structure was compared to a single-channel system, and excellent separation results were achieved. The continuous separation process using the manifold structure resulted in high purity cobalt and nickel products.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yan Xu, Jingai Jiang, Xinyi Lv, Hui Li, Dongliang Yang, Wenjun Wang, Yanling Hu, Longcai Liu, Xiaochen Dong, Yu Cai
Summary: A programmed gas release nanoparticle was developed to address the challenges in treating diabetic infected wounds. It effectively removes drug-resistant pathogens and remodels the wound microenvironment using NO and H2S. The nanoparticle can eliminate bacteria and promote wound healing through antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tong Xia, Zhilin Xi, Lianquan Suo, Chen Wang
Summary: This study investigated a highly efficient coal dust suppressant with low initial viscosity and high adhesion-solidification properties. The results demonstrated that the dust suppressant formed a network of multiple hydrogen bonding cross-linking and achieved effective adhesion and solidification of coal dust through various chemical reactions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jinzhi Cai, Zhenshan Li
Summary: A density functional theory-based rate equation was developed to predict the gas-solid reaction kinetics of CaO carbonation with CO2 in calcium looping. The negative activation energy of CaO carbonation close to equilibrium was accurately predicted through experimental validation.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jianxiong Chen, Fuhao Ren, Ningning Yin, Jie Mao
Summary: This study presents an economically efficient and easily implementable surface modification approach to enhance the high-temperature electrical insulation and energy storage performance of polymer dielectrics. The self-assembly of high-insulation-performance boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) on the film surface through electrostatic interactions effectively impedes charge injection from electrodes while promoting charge dissipation and heat transfer.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zijian Li, Zhaohui Yang, Shao Wang, Hongxia Luo, Zhimin Xue, Zhenghui Liu, Tiancheng Mu
Summary: This study reports a strategy for upgrading polyester plastics into value-added chemicals using electrocatalytic methods. By inducing the targeted transfer of *OH species, polyethylene terephthalate was successfully upgraded into potassium diformate with high purity. This work not only develops an excellent electrocatalyst, but also provides guidance for the design of medium entropy metal oxides.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Navneet Singh Shekhawat, Surendra Kumar Patra, Ashok Kumar Patra, Bamaprasad Bag
Summary: This study primarily focuses on developing a sulphur dyeing process at room temperature using bacterial Lysate, which is environmentally friendly, energy and cost effective, and sustainable. The process shows promising improvements in dye uptake and fastness properties.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dengjia Shen, Hongyang Ma, Madani Khan, Benjamin S. Hsiao
Summary: This study developed cationic PVC nanofibrous membranes with high filtration and adsorption capability for the removal of bacteria and hexavalent chromium ions from wastewater. The membranes demonstrated remarkable performance in terms of filtration efficiency and maximum adsorption capacity. Additionally, modified nanofibrous membranes were produced using recycled materials and showed excellent retention rates in dynamic adsorption processes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaoyan Wang, Zhikun Wang, Ben Jia, Chunling Li, Shuangqing Sun, Songqing Hu
Summary: Inspired by photosystem II, self-supported Fe-doped NiCoP nanowire arrays modified with carboxylate were constructed to boost industrial-level overall water splitting by employing the concerted proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism. The introduction of Fe and carboxyl ligand led to improved catalytic activity for HER and OER, and NCFCP@NF exhibited long-term durability for overall water splitting.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Pengyao Yu, Ge Yang, Yongming Chai, Lubomira Tosheva, Chunzheng Wang, Heqing Jiang, Chenguang Liu, Hailing Guo
Summary: Thin LTA zeolite membranes were prepared through secondary growth of nano LTA seeds in a highly reactive gel, resulting in membranes with superior permeability and selectivity in gas separation applications.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Baiqin Zhou, Huiping Li, Ziyu Wang, Hui Huang, Yujun Wang, Ruichun Yang, Ranran Huo, Xiaoyan Xu, Ting Zhou, Xiaochen Dong
Summary: The use of machine learning to predict the performance of specific adsorbents in phosphate adsorption shows great promise in saving time and revealing underlying mechanisms. However, the small size of the dataset and insufficient detailed information limits the model training process and the accuracy of results. To address this, the study employs a fuzzing strategy that replaces detailed numeric information with descriptive text messages on the physiochemical properties of adsorbents. This strategy allows the recovery of discarded samples with limited information, leading to accurate prediction of adsorption amount, capacity, and kinetics. The study also finds that phosphate uptake by adsorbents is generally through physisorption, with some involvement of chemisorption. The framework established in this study provides a practical approach for quickly predicting phosphate adsorption performance in urgent scenarios, using easily accessible information.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Paula Alejandra Lamprea Pineda, Joren Bruneel, Kristof Demeestere, Lisa Deraedt, Tex Goetschalckx, Herman Van Langenhove, Christophe Walgraeve
Summary: This study evaluates the use of four esterified fatty acids and three vegetable oils as absorption liquids for hydrophobic VOCs. The experimental results show that isopropyl myristate is the most efficient liquid for absorbing the target VOCs.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)