期刊
CEREBRAL CORTEX
卷 31, 期 1, 页码 301-311出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa226
关键词
brain-behavior relationship; infant subgrouping; intersubject variability; relational heterogeneity; resting-state functional connectivity
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R34DA050255, R01DA042988, R01DA043678, R01MH064065, R01HD05300]
- Cedars-Sinai Precision Health Initiative Awards
This study examined relationship-level heterogeneity in newborns and identified divergent developmental outcomes associated with two subgroups who showed similar brain functional connectivity but contrasting brain-behavior relationships. The subgroup with higher 4-year IQ outcomes had brain-behavior relationships congruent with their functional connectivity pattern in neonates, while the subgroup with lower 4-year IQ did not.
The presence of heterogeneity/subgroups in infants and older populations against single-domain brain or behavioral measures has been previously characterized. However, few attempts have been made to explore heterogeneity at the brain-behavior relationship level. Such a hypothesis posits that different subgroups of infants may possess qualitatively different brain-behavior relationships that could ultimately contribute to divergent developmental outcomes even with relatively similar brain phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to explore such relationship-level heterogeneity and delineate the subgrouping structure of newborns with differential brain-behavior associations based on a typically developing sample of 81 infants with 3-week resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and 4-year intelligence quotient (IQ) measures. Our results not only confirmed the existence of relationship-level heterogeneity in newborns but also revealed divergent developmental outcomes associated with two subgroups showing similar brain functional connectivity but contrasting brain-behavior relationships. Importantly, further analyses unveiled an intriguing pattern that the subgroup with higher 4-year IQ outcomes possessed brain-behavior relationships that were congruent to their functional connectivity pattern in neonates while the subgroup with lower 4-year IQ not, providing potential explanations for the observed IQ differences. The characterization of heterogeneity at the brain-behavior relationship level may not only improve our understanding of the patterned intersubject variability during infancy but could also pave the way for future development of heterogeneity-inspired, personalized, subgroup-specific models for better prediction.
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