Article
Microbiology
Yezhou Hu, Yanxia Ding, Boying Cai, Xiaohui Qin, Jingni Wu, Minhang Yuan, Shiwei Wan, Yang Zhao, Xiu-Fang Xin
Summary: This study reveals that phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae induces water soaking in plant leaf tissue by altering the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA), which leads to ABA signaling and stomatal closure. P. syringae achieves this by binding and inhibiting Arabidopsis type one protein phosphatases (TOPPs) that normally suppress ABA signaling. This hijacking of ABA signaling and stomatal closure are key mechanisms of disease susceptibility.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shiyi Zhang, Cong Li, Jinping Si, Zhigang Han, Donghong Chen
Summary: This article reviews recent advances in understanding the models of plant-pathogen interactions and the action mechanisms of phytopathogenic effectors. The study shows that effectors from different species use similar and distinct strategies to invade host plants. The investigation of plant pathogen effectors contributes to improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lifan Sun, Xiaoyun Wu, Jian Diao, Jie Zhang
Summary: Plants have developed sophisticated immune mechanisms to defend against pathogens, but successful pathogens have evolved diverse mechanisms to overcome plant immunity and cause diseases. Different cell structures and organelles carried by plant cells provide plant-specific defense mechanisms. Effector proteins serve as crucial weapons for phytopathogens to disarm plant immunity and promote infection. This article summarizes the strategies by which phytopathogen effectors overcome plant defense and discusses future perspectives.
WIRES MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yinggang Xiao, Yang Zhang, Cunjin Wang, Yali Ge, Ju Gao, Tianfeng Huang
Summary: Using bioinformatics methods, we identified key autophagy genes in ICH and explored their mechanisms. IL-1B, STAT3, NLRP3, and NOD2 were identified as key genes with clinical predictive value. These key genes were positively correlated with immune cell infiltration level and mainly involved in cytokine and receptor interactions and immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Rhea Patel, Bappa Mitra, Madhuri Vinchurkar, Andrea Adami, Rajul Patkar, Flavio Giacomozzi, Leandro Lorenzelli, Maryam Shojaei Baghini
Summary: This review focuses on the advances in miniaturized systems for plant pathogen detection in the last decade. Direct and indirect detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction and sensing plant stress indicators, have been discussed. Various high sensitivity and selectivity detection platforms have been developed and commercialized for on-field plant disease detection. These innovative advancements contribute to a safer, more reliable, and sustainable agricultural sector.
Review
Plant Sciences
Georgina Fabro
Summary: Oomycete phytopathogens use effectors, including proteins and small RNAs, to colonise plants and interfere with normal plant physiology. Effector targets in host cells include gene transcription, cell death, protein stability, and other processes, some of which directly involve plant defence mechanisms. Some effector targets are negative regulators of immunity, while others are necessary for pathogen colonisation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Johannes W. Debler, Bernadette M. Henares, Robert C. Lee
Summary: The modified pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vectors were successfully used for agroinfiltration in legumes like pea, lentil, and faba bean, but not chickpea. Agroinfiltration is a valuable method for studying virulence and avirulence effector proteins, where heterologous effector proteins are expressed transiently in plant leaves. However, the transformation efficiency is a limiting factor for chickpea.
PLANT CELL REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Rui Tang, Hui Tan, Yan Dai, Lin'ai Li, Yan Huang, Huipeng Yao, Yi Cai, Guozhi Yu
Summary: Pathogen infection leads to yield loss in crop fields, and the rise of antimicrobial resistance in plant pathogens necessitates the development of new pesticides and management strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown potential in eliminating plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. We summarize the overlooked advantages of AMPs, such as steep dose-response relations, fast killing ability, broad synergism, and slow resistance selection. We discuss the possible application of AMPs in plant protection and emphasize the integration of AMPs into an efficient management system to increase crop yield and reduce resistance evolution.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eric Chekwube Aniogo, Blassan P. George, Heidi Abrahamse
Summary: Photodynamic therapy is a promising experimental research subject for treating resistant cancers, but faces challenges such as tumor relapse and drug resistance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind PDT resistance is crucial for developing effective cancer treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valeria Conforte, Lisandro Horacio Otero, Laila Toum, Serena Sirigu, Giuliano Tomas Antelo, Jimena Rinaldi, Sabrina Foscaldi, Sebastian Klinke, Leonard Michel Gabriel Chavas, Adrian Alberto Vojnov, Fernando Alberto Goldbaum, Florencia Malamud, Hernan Ruy Bonomi
Summary: The study reveals that variants affecting the XccBphP photocycle have an impact on xanthan production and stomatal aperture in the bacterial signaling pathway. These findings suggest a novel approach where the Pr state of XccBphP acts as a negative regulator of virulence mechanisms in Xcc.
Review
Plant Sciences
Dandan Shao, Damon L. Smith, Mehdi Kabbage, Mitchell G. Roth
Summary: Plant diseases caused by necrotrophic fungal pathogens lead to significant economic losses in global field crop production. Effector proteins play a crucial role in facilitating plant colonization and nutrient acquisition by pathogens. Despite limited understanding, recent bioinformatics advancements have aided in predicting and discovering effector molecules from necrotrophic fungi, shedding light on their functional context. Understanding the mechanisms of necrotrophic effectors is essential for developing genetic interventions to enhance plant resistance against these pathogens.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kenro Oshima, Kensaku Maejima, Yuta Isobe, Ai Endo, Shigetou Namba, Yasuyuki Yamaji
Summary: Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic bacteria that reside within the plant phloem. They cause a wide range of unique symptoms and have significant impacts on agricultural production and forest trees.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kristoffer Jonsson, Yuan Ma, Anne-Lise Routier-Kierzkowska, Rishikesh P. Bhalerao
Summary: To survive, plants adapt their body shape by rapidly bending their organs using strategies that differ from those of soft animal tissues. This article attempts to summarize and link different viewpoints on bending mechanisms, including genes and signalling, mathematical modelling, and biomechanics. The authors argue that quantifying cell growth and physical forces can bring a new level of understanding to bending and resolve its paradoxes.
Review
Plant Sciences
Ilya E. Zlobin
Summary: Regulation of plant Zn homeostasis is mainly accomplished at the transcriptional level, with local regulation based on transcription factors bZIP19 and bZIP23 sensing changes in cellular Zn concentrations. Other unidentified mechanisms for sensing cellular Zn concentrations likely exist, along with a shoot-derived systemic Zn deficiency signal and regulation of mRNA degradation of Zn homeostasis genes by changes in cellular Zn status.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yang Zou, Zhengjie Shan, Zongpu Han, Jieting Yang, Yixiong Lin, Zhuohong Gong, Lv Xie, Jieyun Xu, Runlong Xie, Zhuofan Chen, Zetao Chen
Summary: This study investigates the role of fibrin films in host recognition and foreign body responses (FBRs) and demonstrates the feasibility of regulating FBR by modulating fibrin films via tuning the absorption of blood proteins.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
R. Ramesh, Adhithan Pon, P. Dinesh Babu, Santhia Carmel, Arkaprava Bhattacharyya
Summary: This paper proposes a response surface methodology-based optimization approach for optimizing the electrical behavior of junctionless transistors. By constructing multi-objective functions, optimal electrical and dimensional parameters of the device are obtained to improve performance and reduce simulation time.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Giridhara R. Babu, Rajesh Sundaresan, Siva Athreya, Jawaid Akhtar, Pankaj Kumar Pandey, Parimala S. Maroor, M. Rajagopal Padma, R. Lalitha, Mohammed Shariff, Lalitha Krishnappa, C. N. Manjunath, Mysore Kalappa Sudarshan, Gopalkrishna Gururaj, Timmanahalli Sobagaiah Ranganath, Kumar D. E. Vasanth, Pradeep Banandur, Deepa Ravi, Shilpa Shiju, Eunice Lobo, Asish Satapathy, Lokesh Alahari, Prameela Dinesh, Vinitha Thakar, Anita Desai, Ambica Rangaiah, Ashok Munivenkatappa, S. Krishna, Shantala Gowdara Basawarajappa, H. G. Sreedhara, K. C. Siddesh, Amrutha B. Kumari, Nawaz Umar, B. A. Mythri, Ravi Vasanthapuram
Summary: This study estimated the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Karnataka, India, while assessing geographical and risk group variations. Results showed an adjusted total prevalence of COVID-19 at 27.7%, with IgG antibodies at 16.8% and active infection fraction at 12.6%. Rapid antigen detection tests had higher sensitivity in symptomatic individuals compared to asymptomatic individuals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Optics
G. Muthukumaran, P. Dinesh Babu
Summary: Surface modification of 2.5 Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum low alloy steel was studied using laser transformation hardening technique with different laser parameters. Response Surface Methodology was employed to analyze the influencing factors and optimize the hardening process.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Zoology
K. P. Dinesh, B. H. Channakeshavamurthy, P. Deepak, Avrajjal Ghosh, Kaushik Deuti
Summary: The genus Euphlyctis, known for its distribution range from the Arabian Peninsula to Bangladesh through India and Sri Lanka, has had incomplete/inaccurate taxonomic identities and genetic information for many species. Two morphological groups, 'cyanophlyctis group' and 'hexadactylus group', have been established based on morphological characters, colour patterns, and molecular tree analysis. Additionally, a new species, Euphlyctis kerala sp. nov., with a restricted distribution in the western coastal plains of India, has been discovered.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuanyuan Li, Nathan Meier, Savithramma P. P. Dinesh-Kumar
Summary: Parasites target the plant immune system for colonization success. Recent research in PLOS Biology indicates that unrelated parasites have evolved effectors to specifically suppress the function of helper nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeats (NLRs), providing insight into the complex dynamics of plant-parasite coevolution.
Article
Zoology
K. P. Dinesh, B. H. Channakeshavamurthy, P. Deepak, A. Shabnam, Avrajjal Ghosh, Kaushik Deuti
Summary: The aquatic frog genus 'Euphlyctis' has been divided into two separate genera-Euphlyctis Fitzinger and Phrynoderma Fitzinger. A new species of skittering frog, Euphlyctis jaladhara sp. nov., has been discovered in India with distinct morphological characters and a high genetic distance from sympatric species. Validity of other species has also been discussed.
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
T. Shanthi, M. E. Paramasivam, C. Prakash, K. Manju, Eldho Paul, R. Anand, P. M. Dinesh, R. S. Sabeenian, D. Raja
Summary: Clothing is a fundamental requirement for living, and the fabric industry is growing steadily. To ensure the quality of fabric, the industry needs to perform quality checks. This article proposes a deep learning algorithm that utilizes computer vision to recognize fabric types and defects. Experimental results show that the algorithm achieves 100% accuracy in identifying the soiled fabric type in the testing samples.
JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Girinath Reddy Mottupalle, Dinesh Pobbathy Ashwathnarayana, Basavaraj M. Shankarappa, Aruna Agrahara Sanjeevamurthy
Summary: This study investigates the effect of variable fluid properties on double-diffusive mixed convective flow and presents the characteristics and dependence on physical parameters through numerical computation and graphical representation.
BIOINTERFACE RESEARCH IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Umadevi Ramanna, Chadrashekhar Dasarahalli Venkataiah, Dinesh Pobbathy Ashwathnarayana, Jayalakshmamma Dasarahalli Venkataiah, Gayathri Makam Swaminathan
Summary: This study investigates the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid around a stationary solid sphere and analyzes the effects of porous parameters on the flow patterns and velocity profiles.
BIOINTERFACE RESEARCH IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lokesha, P. B. Nagaraj, P. Dinesh
Summary: This study conducted experiments on the frictional force in turning operations and found that the feed rate and depth of cut have direct effects on frictional force, while spindle speed has an indirect impact.
MATERIALS TODAY-PROCEEDINGS
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. Prabha Devi, R. Ramya, P. S. Dinesh, C. Palanisamy, G. Sathish Kumar
Summary: This paper discusses the role of computer science in artificial intelligence and the effective solutions it provides for modern world problems. It focuses on handwritten character recognition using various machine learning algorithms, with KNN algorithm demonstrating the best accuracy among others.
MATERIALS TODAY-PROCEEDINGS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinxin Yang, Zhiyan Wen, Dingliang Zhang, Zhen Li, Dawei Li, Ugrappa Nagalakshmi, Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar, Yongliang Zhang
Summary: This article summarizes recent advances in the use of proximity labeling (PL) in plant biology, including the development and comparison of different PL enzymes, and the application of PL in deciphering various molecular interactions in different organisms with a focus on plant systems.
PLANT COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Nalinakshi Narasappa, Dinesh Pobbathy Ashwathnarayana, Harichandra Boodhgiri Prahlad, Likhith Girish
Summary: This study systematically analyzed MHD mixed convection over a vertical heated plate, where varying fluid properties significantly improved convection compared to fixed properties. Boundary layer flow was estimated using mathematically formulated equations, with tedious solutions simplified using similarity transformations, the RKF scheme, and the NR method. The study focused on the effects of various parameters on momentum, energy, and solutal equations, observing the impact of the Magnetic field on reducing fluid flow force and evaluating convection effectiveness with variable fluid properties.
BIOINTERFACE RESEARCH IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Narendra Kumar, Shafeeq K. Shahul Hameed, Giridhara R. Babu, Manjunatha M. Venkataswamy, Prameela Dinesh, Prakash B. G. Kumar, Daisy A. John, Anita Desai, Vasanthapuram Ravi
Summary: The study in Karnataka state, India, found that 91% of COVID-19 cases were asymptomatic, with a higher mortality rate among middle-aged and elderly individuals with comorbidities. Symptomatic cases were identified as the main driving force in transmission dynamics during the initial phase of the pandemic.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Girinath Reddy Mottupalle, Dinesh Pobbathy Ashwathnarayana, Basavaraj M. Shankarappa, Uma Munivenkatappa
Summary: This study investigates the impact of MHD, variable viscosity, thermal-diffusion, and diffusion-thermo effects with the heat source on mixed convection of heat and mass transfer over an accelerating surface. Numerical computation using shooting technique is adopted to study the physical characteristics of velocity, temperature, and concentration for various values of non-dimensional parameters involved in the problem. The obtained numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the earlier works.
BIOINTERFACE RESEARCH IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(2021)