Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jianjian Wei, Lei Wang, Tao Jin, Yuguo Li, Nan Zhang
Summary: To assess the risk of transmission of respiratory infections in indoor environments, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to study the exposure to respiratory droplets generated by talking and breathing. Different sizes of droplets were categorized, and it was found that small droplets, especially those smaller than 100 μm, contribute to both short-range and long-range airborne transmission. Inhalation was identified as the dominant route of exposure, and adjusting the orientation from face-to-face to face-to-back significantly reduced exposure to small droplets. This research provides fundamental information for infection control and can benefit epidemiologists, healthcare workers, and the general public.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sunil Kumar, Mark Klassen, David Klassen, Robert Hardin, Maria D. King
Summary: A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a fabrication room in a meat processing plant was used to study indoor airflow patterns, droplet spreading, and areas with highest risk of exposure to COVID-19. The study also investigated the role of condensers, exhaust fans, and air leakage in the spread of the virus. The results can be used for future engineering analysis to redesign public spaces and common areas to prevent the spread of pathogens through aerosols and droplets.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Michael Lommel, Vera Froese, Moritz Sieber, Marvin Jentzsch, Tim Bierewirtz, Uemit Hasirci, Tim Rese, Josef Seefeldt, Sebastian Schimek, Ulrich Kertzscher, Christian Oliver Paschereit
Summary: A novel measurement system has been developed to simulate virus emissions and quantify airborne virus transmission probabilities. The study demonstrates the accuracy of the system and its ability to assess the impact of aerosol reduction measures on infection risks.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jaka Potocnik, Mitja Kosir
Summary: Complex methodologies are often used to accurately predict the non-visual luminous content of the indoor environment, but this study found that photopic methodologies can be sufficient for spaces with spectrally neutral surfaces or those in shades of blue. However, spaces characterized by orange and red materials require more complex measurements.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yanju Li, Chunbin Wu, Guoqing Cao, Dexing Guan, Chaoguo Zhan
Summary: The study found that increasing the air change rate can reduce the number of viable droplets smaller than 3.3 μm, while without ventilation viable droplets primarily distribute in sizes larger than 3.3 μm. Increasing the generated velocity leads to more viable droplets being detected at specific positions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biology
Manas Mondal, Srabani Chakrabarti, Yi Qin Gao, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Jaydeb Chakrabarti
Summary: This study investigates the indoor propagation of airborne diseases through a microscopic model of virus particles in respiratory microdroplets. The motion of the virus particles is influenced by various forces, including air flow from indoor air conditioning, gravity, viscous drag, interfacial tension, thermal forces, and interaction forces with other viral particles. The simulations and scaling analysis reveal the time it takes for a droplet to reach the ground and the distance it propagates horizontally from the source. This research provides insights into the long-distance transmission of airborne respiratory droplets in indoor conditions.
COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ritam Pal, Sourav Sarkar, Achintya Mukhopadhyay
Summary: Respiratory droplets are important in the transmission of diseases, with the presence of pathogens affecting droplet evaporation and aerosol formation. Different weather conditions play a role in determining the risk of disease spread through respiratory droplets.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Qiaolin Pu, Xin Lan, Mu Zhou, Joseph Kee-Yin Ng, Yong Ma, Hengjie Xiang
Summary: This article addresses the indoor localization problem using compression sensing theory for sparse localization in WLANs. It proposes an adaptive clustering algorithm and an improved measurement matrix model to improve localization accuracy and reduce storage space.
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Kaijun Li, Wei Xu, Linye Song, Xinghui Zhang, Cong Zhang, Jing Hua
Summary: In this study, the impact of indoor wind speed and human movement on the propagation and diffusion of cough ejected droplets was investigated using computational fluid dynamics. The results showed that indoor airflow and human-induced wake play important roles in the spread of droplets. The combined effect of indoor air velocity and human movement leads to a complex indoor flow field, which increases the risk of infection by delaying the deposition time of certain droplet sizes and facilitating the rapid spread of smaller droplets to distant locations.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jin Zhu, Dayu Cheng, Weiwei Zhang, Ci Song, Jie Chen, Tao Pei
Summary: This paper proposes an accurate and reasonable indoor trajectory similarity measure, ISTSM, which considers the features of indoor trajectories and indoor semantic information simultaneously. Experimental results demonstrate that ISTSM is more accurate and reasonable compared to other popular trajectory similarity measures.
ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
(2021)
Article
Remote Sensing
Zhewei Liu, Wenzhong Shi, Yue Yu, Pengfei Chen, Bi Yu Chen
Summary: This research proposes a novel data-driven method for modelling the uncertainty of indoor trajectories, which addresses the accuracy issues caused by previous assumptions. By predicting pointwise deviations, uncertain regions can be generated to improve trajectory mining applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ruyu Liu, Guodao Zhang, Jiangming Wang, Shuwen Zhao
Summary: In a large-scale epidemic, intelligent vehicles and mobile robots in the hospital environment play an important role in improving the operational efficiency of the medical system and promoting epidemic prevention and governance. This paper proposes a depth-sensing and reconstruction system to address the challenge of omnidirectional perception. The proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches in terms of depth completion and 3D reconstruction, as demonstrated through extensive experiments.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
E. Caracci, L. Stabile, G. Buonanno
Summary: The study presents a simplified method for evaluating lung cancer risk associated with indoor particle emissions, showing that the risk in indoor environments is mainly related to sub-micron particles rather than super-micron ones, and different sources such as cooking activities can lead to extremely high lung cancer risks. Ventilation rates in residential environments are not effective in reducing the risk significantly, while extraction hoods and air purifiers can significantly decrease it.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Remote Sensing
Wenzhong Shi, Yue Yu, Zhewei Liu, Ruizhi Chen, Liang Chen
Summary: This paper proposes a deep-learning framework for modelling pedestrian movement uncertainty in large-scale indoor areas. The framework combines a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, resulting in better prediction of uncertainty regions and providing an effective and practical approach.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ting Yang, Liyuan Zhao, Wei Li, Jianzhong Wu, Albert Y. Zomaya
Summary: This paper presents an autonomous indoor environment management approach utilizing a deep reinforcement learning control strategy to optimize the control of ventilation system and heating/cooling system, achieving a healthy indoor environment with minimized energy cost.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Parth Bansal, Steven Jige Quan
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between urban form and canopy layer urban heat island (CUHI) using a relatively large sample of microclimate sensors in Seoul, Korea. The study compares different statistical models and finds that the spatially explicit gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model has the highest accuracy. The study also shows that the effect of urban form on CUHI varies at different time instances during the day. These findings provide valuable insights for planners to understand the complexity of urban climate and reduce CUHI magnitude.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Miaomiao Liu, Salah Almazmumi, Pinlu Cao, Carlos Jimenez-bescos, John Kaiser Calautit
Summary: Windcatchers provide effective low-energy ventilation and summer passive cooling in temperate climates. However, their use in winter is limited due to significant ventilation heat loss and potential discomfort. This study evaluates the applicability of windcatchers in low-temperature conditions, highlighting the need for control strategies to reduce over-ventilation and the integration of heat recovery or thermal storage to enhance winter thermal conditions.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Behrouz Nourozi, Aneta Wierzbicka, Runming Yao, Sasan Sadrizadeh
Summary: This article presents a systematic review of ventilation solutions in hospital wards, aiming to enhance pathogen removal performance while maintaining patient and healthcare staff comfort using air-cleaning techniques. The study reveals the importance of proper ventilation systems in reducing infection risk and adverse effects of cross-contamination.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhen Yang, Weirong Zhang, Hongkai Liu, Weijia Zhang, Mingyuan Qin
Summary: The study examines the influence of personalized local heating on the thermal comfort of occupants in old residential buildings. The findings reveal that personalized local heating can increase the overall thermal sensation of occupants, but only a few methods are effective in enhancing thermal comfort. The chosen heating methods and background temperature affect the participants' selection of heating parts.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hong Cheng, Dan Norback, Huilin Zhang, Liu Yang, Baizhan Li, Yinping Zhang, Zhuohui Zhao, Qihong Deng, Chen Huang, Xu Yang, Chan Lu, Hua Qian, Tingting Wang, Ling Zhang, Wei Yu, Juan Wang, Xin Zhang
Summary: The home environment and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms in five southern Chinese cities have been studied over time. The study found a decrease in asthma prevalence and an increase in allergic rhinitis. Cockroaches, rats, mice, mosquitoes or flies were identified as consistent biological risk factors for SBS symptoms, while redecoration, buying new furniture, and traffic air pollution were identified as other risk factors.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chaojie Xing, Zhengtao Ai, Zhiwei Liu, Cheuk Ming Mak, Hai Ming Wong
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the emission characteristics of droplets around the mouth during dental treatments. The results showed that the peak mass fraction of droplets occurs within the size range of 20 μm to 100 μm, and droplets with a diameter less than 200 μm account for over 80% of the mass fraction. The dominant emission direction of droplets is towards the dummy's head and chest, forming an approximately cone shape.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhijian Liu, Zhe Han, Lina Hu, Chenxing Hu, Rui Rong
Summary: This study compared the effects of different respiratory behaviors on the distribution of aerosols in a ward and the risk of infection for healthcare workers using numerical simulation. It was found that talking in the ward significantly increased aerosol concentrations, particularly short periods of talking. Wards designed with side-supply ventilation had lower overall infection risk. Talking alternately between healthcare workers and patients slightly extended the impact time of aerosols.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Yan, Mengyuan Kang, Haodong Zhang, Zhiwei Lian, Xiaojun Fan, Chandra Sekhar, Pawel Wargocki, Li Lan
Summary: In a high-density city, opening windows for sleep may lead to increased indoor temperature, higher PM2.5 concentration, and noise disturbance, which can negatively impact sleep quality.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Bai, Liang Liu, Kai Liu, Shuai Yu, Yifan Shen, Di Sun
Summary: This study developed a non-intrusive personal thermal comfort model using machine learning techniques combined with infrared facial recognition. The results showed that the ensemble learning models perform better than traditional models, and the broad learning model has a higher prediction precision with lower computational complexity and faster training speed compared to deep neural networks. The findings provide a reference for optimizing building thermal environments.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yue Lei, Zeynep Duygu Tekler, Sicheng Zhan, Clayton Miller, Adrian Chong
Summary: Mixed-mode ventilation is a promising solution for achieving energy-efficient and comfortable indoor environments. This study found that occupants can thermally adapt when switching between natural ventilation (NV) and air-conditioning (AC) modes within the same day, with the adaptation process stabilizing between 35 to 45 minutes after the mode switch. These findings are important for optimizing thermal comfort in mixed-mode controls, considering the dynamic nature of thermal adaptation.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nan Mo, Jie Han, Yingde Yin, Yelin Zhang
Summary: This study develops a method based on the LCZ framework for a comprehensive evaluation of urban-scale heat island effects, considering the impact of geographic factors on LST. The results show that Guilin's geomorphological conditions lead to abnormal heat island effects during winter, and the cooling effects of mountains and water bodies vary seasonally in different built areas, with LCZ 2 exhibiting the strongest cooling effect.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tunga Salthammer
Summary: Monitoring the potential formaldehyde emission of wood-based materials through test chamber investigations has significantly contributed to reducing indoor formaldehyde concentrations. However, the different methodologies used in these procedures prevent direct result comparison. Empirical models for converting formaldehyde steady-state concentrations based on temperature, humidity, air change rate, and loading were developed in the 1970s and have been modified to accommodate the development of lower-emitting materials. Formaldehyde emissions from wood-based materials are complex and require nonlinear regression tools for mathematical analysis.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Katarina Stebelova, Katarina Kovacova, Zuzana Dzirbikova, Peter Hanuliak, Tomas Bacigal, Peter Hartman, Andrea Vargova, Jozef Hraska
Summary: This study investigated the impact of reduced short-wavelength light on the hormone melatonin metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (u-sMEL) and examined the association between previous day's light exposure and u-sMEL. It was found that reducing short-wavelength light during the day did not change the concentration of u-sMEL. Personal photopic illuminance was positively correlated with u-sMEL in the reference week. The illuminance had a significant impact on u-sMEL, as shown by the evaluation of the mean of all three urine samples. However, this correlation was not found in the experimental week.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ruoxin Xiong, Ying Shi, Haoming Jing, Wei Liang, Yorie Nakahira, Pingbo Tang
Summary: This study proposes a data-model integration method to identify and calibrate uncertainties in machine learning models, leading to improved thermal perception predictions. The method utilizes the Multidimensional Association Rule Mining algorithm to identify biased human responses and enhances prediction accuracy and reliability. The study also evaluates different calibration techniques and discovers their potential in enhancing prediction reliability.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Beichao Hu, Zeda Yin, Abderrachid Hamrani, Arturo Leon, Dwayne McDaniel
Summary: This paper introduces an innovative super-resolution approach to model the air flow and temperature field in the cold aisle of a data center. The proposed method reconstructs a high-fidelity flow field by using a low-fidelity flow field, significantly reducing the computational time and enabling real-time prediction.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)