Review
Immunology
Yuichiro J. Suzuki, Sergiy G. Gychka
Summary: This article highlights the potential impact of the spike protein from COVID-19 vaccines on human host cells and emphasizes the need for careful monitoring of the long-term consequences. Further research on the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on human cells and appropriate animal models is recommended.
Review
Cell Biology
Rameswari Chilamakuri, Saurabh Agarwal
Summary: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has significantly impacted the world since its emergence at the end of 2019, but there have been major advancements in our understanding of the virus and development of treatment options and vaccines to control the pandemic.
Article
Immunology
Priyanka Shah, Gabriela A. Canziani, Erik P. Carter, Irwin Chaiken
Summary: Research suggests that while current focus is on studying the S1 receptor-binding domain in COVID-19 vaccines and therapies, exploring the potential benefits of the more conserved S2 subunit should not be overlooked. Utilizing S2 in treatments and vaccines may enhance the neutralizing potential of antibodies, strengthen memory B-cell and T-cell responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Palaniyandi Velusamy, Kannan Kiruba, Chia-Hung Su, Viswanathan Arun, Periasamy Anbu, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
Summary: SARS-CoV2, the causative agent of COVID-19, relies on its spike protein for viral attachment and entry into host cells. Understanding the structure and functions of the spike protein could lead to the development of potential vaccines against the virus.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Steve Pascolo
Summary: By September 2021, twenty-one anti-COVID-19 vaccines have been approved worldwide, with utilization expected to help bring an end to the pandemic. In addition to traditional vaccine formats such as inactivated viruses and protein-based vaccines, new formats like recombinant adenovirus, DNA, and mRNA have been validated. Western countries primarily reserve or use protein vaccines, adenovirus vaccines, and mRNA vaccines, with mRNA vaccines being seen as the superior option in terms of speed and effectiveness.
Article
Immunology
Hidetsugu Fujigaki, Masato Inaba, Michiko Osawa, Saya Moriyama, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Tadaki Suzuki, Kenya Yamase, Yukihiro Yoshida, Yo Yagura, Takayoshi Oyamada, Masao Takemura, Yohei Doi, Kuniaki Saito
Summary: This study investigated the kinetics and neutralizing activity of various Ag-specific Ab isotypes against SARS-CoV-2 in serum of COVID-19 patients, with IgG against RBD showing the best correlation with virus-neutralizing activity. The results provide valuable information for the selection of serological tests for seroprevalence and vaccine evaluation studies.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shota Yoshida, Chikako Ono, Hiroki Hayashi, Shinya Fukumoto, Satoshi Shiraishi, Kazunori Tomono, Hisashi Arase, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Hironori Nakagami
Summary: This study aimed to understand adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing B cell epitopes and neutralizing activity in COVID-19 patients. Most patients showed neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2, with antibodies targeting the S protein or RBD, and a correlation between neutralizing antibody titer and IgG antibody titer. Analysis of patient serum revealed potential targets for vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yuzhong Li, Yanwei Bi, Hongjian Xiao, Yueting Yao, Xiaojuan Liu, Zhengrong Hu, Jinmei Duan, Yaoyun Yang, Zhihua Li, Yadong Li, Heng Zhang, Chen Ding, Jianbo Yang, Haiwei Li, Zhanlong He, Longding Liu, Guangnan Hu, Shuying Liu, Yanchun Che, Shixia Wang, Qihan Li, Shan Lu, Wei Cun
Summary: The study developed a COVID-19 vaccine combining DNA and protein components, which induced high level immune responses in animal models. The co-delivery approach showed full protection in immunized animals, indicating its potential as a safe and effective long-term protection strategy for COVID-19.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akalesh Kumar Verma
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of cordycepin as a conventional treatment strategy against COVID-19. Through computational methods, the study assessed the binding affinity of cordycepin with SARS-CoV-2 target proteins and utilized network pharmacology to understand their interactions in the human body. The results showed that cordycepin has the potential to inhibit viral replication and multiplication, and it exhibited strong binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and main proteases.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Daniele Focosi, Federica Novazzi, Angelo Genoni, Francesco Dentali, Daniela Dalla Gasperina, Andreina Baj, Fabrizio Maggi
Summary: This report demonstrates a novel mutation, Q493R, of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that confers resistance to both bamlanivimab and etesivimab, isolated from a patient who had received treatment with these drugs.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Immacolata Andolfo, Roberta Russo, Vito Alessandro Lasorsa, Sueva Cantalupo, Barbara Eleni Rosato, Ferdinando Bonfiglio, Giulia Frisso, Pasquale Abete, Gian Marco Cassese, Giuseppe Servillo, Gabriella Esposito, Ivan Gentile, Carmelo Piscopo, Romolo Villani, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Pellegrino Cerino, Carlo Buonerba, Biancamaria Pierri, Massimo Zollo, Achille Iolascon, Mario Capasso
Summary: The study conducted an in-depth genetic analysis of COVID-19, revealing five single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 21 associated with severe cases. The minor alleles of these SNPs were found to be correlated with a reduced risk of developing severe COVID-19 and higher expression levels of MX1 in blood. These findings suggest that host genetic factors may influence the clinical presentations of COVID-19 and highlight MX1 as a potential therapeutic target.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Puneet Rawat, Divya Sharma, Ambuj Srivastava, Vani Janakiraman, M. Michael Gromiha
Summary: Researchers compared experimentally verified SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with commercial therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and identified three potential therapeutic antibodies targeting CTLA4 and IL17A for combating severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. These candidate antibodies have dual activities of viral neutralization and immunosuppression, and could also be utilized in diagnostic test kits for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The in silico workflow to screen and analyze antibodies for repurposing is believed to have broad applications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jan Richter, Pavlos Fanis, Christina Tryfonos, Dana Koptides, George Krashias, Stavros Bashiardes, Andreas Hadjisavvas, Maria Loizidou, Anastasis Oulas, Denise Alexandrou, Olga Kalakouta, Mihalis Panayiotidis, George M. Spyrou, Christina Christodoulou
Summary: This study conducted whole genome sequencing of 133 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples in Cyprus from March 2020 to January 2021, identifying 15 different lineages with the B.1.258 lineage dominating the autumn/winter wave and the B.1.1.7 UK variant rapidly spreading during the same period.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran, Evan C. Lam, Michael G. Astudillo, Diane Yang, Tyler E. Miller, Jared Feldman, Blake M. Hauser, Timothy M. Caradonna, Kiera L. Clayton, Adam D. Nitido, Mandakolathur R. Murali, Galit Alter, Richelle C. Charles, Anand Dighe, John A. Branda, Jochen K. Lennerz, Daniel Lingwood, Aaron G. Schmidt, A. John Iafrate, Alejandro B. Balazs
Summary: Severe cases of COVID-19 show increased inflammatory markers, lymphopenia, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and high antibody levels. High neutralization potency is a predictor of survival. Patient sera can neutralize different strains, indicating cross-protection from reinfection.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Abid Hussain, Haiyin Yang, Mengjie Zhang, Qing Liu, Ghallab Alotaibi, Muhammad Irfan, Huining He, Jin Chang, Xing-Jie Liang, Yuhua Weng, Yuanyu Huang
Summary: This review elaborately discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the progress of mRNA-based vaccines. While the development of mRNA vaccines is a significant accomplishment, widespread production and global availability remain a challenge.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bincy Varghese, Sreeranjini Babu, Aishwarya Jala, Panchanan Das, Rajesh Raju, Roshan M. Borkar, Ramu Adela
Summary: Through integrating next-generation sequencing and metabolomics multi-omics analysis of placenta, this study identified differentially expressed miRNAs, their target genes, altered metabolites, and metabolic pathways in gestational hypertension (GH) patients. The findings obtained from this study may contribute to further understanding of the molecular pathways associated with GH and the evaluation of prognostic markers.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
