Article
Psychiatry
JoAnn Difede, Barbara O. Rothbaum, Albert A. Rizzo, Katarzyna Wyka, Lisa Spielman, Christopher Reist, Michael J. Roy, Tanja Jovanovic, Seth D. Norrholm, Judith Cukor, Megan Olden, Charles E. Glatt, Francis S. Lee
Summary: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health issue with limited treatment options. This study tested the efficacy of virtual reality exposure (VRE) or prolonged imaginal exposure (PE) augmented with D-cycloserine (DCS) for combat-related PTSD, and explored the potential moderating effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). The results showed similar clinical improvement for both VRE and PE, with VRE being more effective for depressed participants and PE being more effective for nondepressed participants. The study also found a potential moderating effect of genetic markers on treatment response.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Soile Tuovinen, Katri Raikkonen, Elisa Holmlund-Suila, Helena Hauta-Alus, Otto Helve, Jenni Rosendahl, Maria Enlund-Cerullo, Eero Kajantie, Saara Valkama, Heli Viljakainen, Outi Makitie, Sture Andersson, Kati Heinonen
Summary: Higher-than-standard doses of vitamin D3 do not provide systematic benefits for child neurodevelopment up to 2 years of age. Further studies are warranted to evaluate potential nonbeneficial effects and safety of higher doses.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Charles L. Raison, Gerard Sanacora, Joshua Woolley, Keith Heinzerling, Boadie W. Dunlop, Randall T. Brown, Rishi Kakar, Michael Hassman, Rupal P. Trivedi, Reid Robison, Natalie Gukasyan, Sandeep M. Nayak, Xiaojue Hu, Kelley C. O'Donnell, Benjamin Kelmendi, Jordan Sloshower, Andrew D. Penn, Ellen Bradley, Daniel F. Kelly, Tanja Mletzko, Christopher R. Nicholas, Paul R. Hutson, Gary Tarpley, Malynn Utzinger, Kelsey Lenoch, Kasia Warchol, Theraysa Gapasin, Mike C. Davis, Courtney Nelson-Douthit, Steffanie Wilson, Carrie Brown, William Linton, Stephen Ross, Roland R. Griffiths
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the antidepressant effects and safety of a single dose of psilocybin in patients with major depressive disorder. The results show that psilocybin treatment is associated with a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and functional disability, without serious adverse events.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xuan Yin, Wei Li, Tingting Liang, Bing Lu, Hongyu Yue, Shanshan Li, Victor W. Zhong, Wei Zhang, Xia Li, Shuang Zhou, Yiqun Mi, Huangan Wu, Shifen Xu
Summary: In this randomized clinical trial, electroacupuncture (EA) treatment significantly improved sleep quality in patients with comorbid insomnia and depression compared to sham acupuncture or standard care at week 8 and maintained the improvement at week 32.
Article
Psychiatry
Rebecca E. Lubin, Hayley E. Fitzgerald, David Rosenfield, Joseph K. Carpenter, Santiago Papini, Christina D. Dutcher, Sheila M. Dowd, Stefan G. Hofmann, Mark H. Pollack, Jasper A. J. Smits, Michael W. Otto
Summary: Inconsistent findings regarding the efficacy of DCS augmentation in exposure-based CBT for anxiety disorders have motivated the search for moderators. This study found that threat conditioning outcomes, specifically extinction and extinction retention, can predict treatment response to DCS augmentation in social anxiety disorder.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Moeun Son, Archana Roy, Bethany T. Stetson, Nancy Tunney Grady, Mary Clare Vanecko, Nicole Bond, Kate Swanson, William A. Grobman, Emily S. Miller, Alan M. Peaceman
Summary: A high-dose oxytocin regimen compared with standard dosing did not reduce the risk of cesarean birth among nulliparous women, but significantly shortened labor duration and reduced the frequency of clinical chorioamnionitis. No adverse effects on perinatal outcomes were observed.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Moniek H. M. Hutschemaekers, Rianne A. de Kleine, Gert-Jan Hendriks, Mirjam Kampman, Karin Roelofs
Summary: Individuals with social anxiety disorder show reduced functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, with testosterone administration resulting in more reactive fear patterns but little impact on anxiety levels. The effects of testosterone supplementation on fear levels transfer to non-enhanced exposure, with modulation by endogenous testosterone levels. These preliminary results suggest that testosterone may play a role in fear mechanisms during exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Patricio O'Donnell, Cheng Dong, Venkatesha Murthy, Mahnaz Asgharnejad, Xiaoming Du, Ann Summerfelt, Hong Lu, Lin Xu, Jens R. Wendland, Eduardo Dunayevich, Derek L. Buhl, Robert Litman, William P. Hetrick, L. Elliot Hong, Laura B. Rosen
Summary: Luvadaxistat, an NMDA receptor modulator, has potential for treating cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. A study on 31 patients showed that 50 mg of Luvadaxistat improved MMN and 40 Hz auditory steady-state response, but not the 500 mg dose. These findings suggest the potential efficacy of Luvadaxistat in improving neural circuitry biomarkers.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Christina D. Dutcher, Sheila M. Dowd, Alyson K. Zalta, Daniel J. Taylor, David Rosenfield, Alexander Perrone, Michael W. Otto, Mark H. Pollack, Stefan G. Hofmann, Jasper A. J. Smits
Summary: The study found that poor sleep quality among individuals with social anxiety disorder may affect the outcomes of exposure therapy, particularly showing slower improvement and worsening symptoms during treatment. Additionally, longer sleep duration the night before treatment may help alleviate social anxiety symptoms.
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Alexandra Roy, Elizabeth A. Hoge, Pablo Abrante, Susan Druker, Tao Liu, Judson A. Brewer
Summary: This study tested the efficacy and mechanism of an app-delivered Mindfulness Training for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), demonstrating its clinical efficacy in reducing anxiety with significant results. Increased mindfulness at 1 month was found to mediate decreases in worry at 2 months, and decreases in worry at 1 month mediated reductions in anxiety at 2 months. This highlights the potential of digital therapeutics in improving health outcomes for individuals with anxiety at a low cost.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sangeeta P. Joshi, An-Kwok Ian Wong, Amanda Brucker, Taylor A. Ardito, Shein-Chung Chow, Sandeep Vaishnavi, Patty J. Lee
Summary: The practice of Transcendental Meditation (TM) can help reduce burnout, insomnia, and anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs), but it does not show a significant reduction in acute psychological distress.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. Ishrat Husain, Imran B. Chaudhry, Ameer B. Khoso, Tayyeba Kiran, Nawaz Khan, Farooq Ahmad, John Hodsoll, M. Omair Husain, Haider A. Naqvi, Asad T. Nizami, Nasim Chaudhry, Hazrat A. Khan, Fareed Minhas, Jeffrey H. Meyer, Moin A. Ansari, Benoit H. Mulsant, Nusrat Husain, Allan H. Young
Summary: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive simvastatin in reducing depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The results showed no significant differences between the simvastatin group and the placebo group in primary and secondary outcomes, and there were also no significant differences in adverse effects between the two groups. Therefore, simvastatin did not provide additional therapeutic benefit for depressive symptoms in TRD.
Article
Psychiatry
Viktoriya L. Nikolova, Anthony J. Cleare, Allan H. Young, James M. Stone
Summary: This study aims to assess the acceptability and tolerability of probiotics as adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) and estimate its treatment effect on clinical symptoms. The results showed that the probiotic group had better improvement in depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to the placebo group, and the treatment approach was well accepted and tolerated.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mengyue Fu, Shi Chen, Rui Xu, Jie Chen, Xuehan Chen, Wanxia Gan, He Huang, Guangyou Duan
Summary: This study aimed to explore the effects of intravenous analgesia using tramadol on postoperative depression, anxiety, and sleep in women undergoing abdominal endoscopic surgery. The results showed that intravenous analgesia with tramadol can effectively improve postoperative depression and sleep, with no impact on anxiety state.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Laura Meister, Ana Catarina Dietrich, Mina Stefanovic, Francesco Bavato, Alex Rosi-Andersen, Judith Rohde, Benjamin Offenhammer, Erich Seifritz, Ingo Schafer, Thomas Ehring, Juergen Barth, Birgit Kleim
Summary: Trauma-focused psychotherapy is the recommended treatment for PTSD, but not all patients benefit from it. Pharmacologically augmenting trauma memory modulation may help improve treatment outcomes.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Eric D. Zaizar, Santiago Papini, F. Gonzalez-Lima, Michael J. Telch
Summary: This study found that transcranial infrared laser stimulation can improve fear extinction learning and cognitive function. Stimulation of the dorsolateral PFC alone can reduce fear, while stimulation of the ventromedial PFC in combination with exposure therapy does not have a significant improvement effect.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Imaneh Abasi, Stefan G. Hofmann, Sara Kamjou, Latif Moradveisi, Afsaneh Vosoughi Motlagh, Avigal Snir Wolf, Sara Sobhani, Omid Saed
Summary: This study examines the psychometric properties of the interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire (IERQ) in nonclinical and clinical populations. The results show that the questionnaire demonstrates good reliability and validity in both populations.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Nicholas A. Hubbard, Randy P. Auerbach, Viviana Siless, Nicole Lo, Isabelle R. Frosch, Danielle E. Clark, Robert Jones, Rebecca Kremens, Megan Pinaire, Flavia Vaz-DeSouza, Satrajit S. Ghosh, Aude Henin, Stefan G. Hofmann, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Isabelle M. Rosso, Anastasia Yendiki, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, John D. E. Gabrieli
Summary: Adolescents with anxiety or depression show cognitive biases towards negative emotional information processing. This study found that reduced changes in brain connectivity patterns between conditions where adolescents needed to ignore or attend to fearful faces were associated with a shared dimension of anxious and depressive symptoms. The findings suggest a failure to adapt communication patterns with sensory-representation areas in the presence of negative emotional information, which may explain the biases common to anxiety and depression in adolescents.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Santiago Papini, Jolene Jacquart, Eric D. Zaizar, Michael J. Telch, Jasper A. J. Smits
Summary: Anxiety sensitivity is an important target in preventing and treating anxiety disorders. Digital psychoeducation interventions have shown potential in reducing anxiety sensitivity. The Anxiety Insight Modules (AIM) help individuals gain insights into the function of anxiety and reduce anxiety sensitivity.
COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Qiang Xie, Ye Guan, Stefan G. Hofmann, Ting Jiang, Xinghua Liu
Summary: Many studies have shown the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions in alleviating anxiety and depression. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms and found that reductions in anxiety sensitivity mediated the impact of mindfulness training on changes in anxiety and depression severity and impairment.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Samantha Natal, Cara C. Young, Karamveer Kaur, Eli S. Gebhardt, Alexander Perrone, Hitoshi Morikawa, Carlos Tirado, Jasper A. J. Smits
Summary: Given the personal and public health burden of addictive disorders, innovative approaches to treatment are needed. This systematic review examined the use of isradipine for addiction treatment with diverse outcomes. Although isradipine showed some positive effects on cerebral blood flow and blood pressure after stimulant use, there were no significant findings on subjective reporting or cognition. However, more research is needed due to the limited number of studies. The direct effects of isradipine as an addiction treatment appear to be minimal.
EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Teresa Lopez-Castro, Santiago Papini, Alexandria Bauer, Margaret Swarbrick, Lynn K. Paul, Marie-Christine Nizzi, Damian Stanley, COVID-Dynamic Team, Denise Hien
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the trajectories of PTSD symptoms during prolonged social disruption and stress. A longitudinal study tracking trauma-exposed individuals in the US found four distinct trajectories of PTSD symptoms: resilient, recurring, recovering, and chronic. Early pandemic experiences, including emotional and physical health problems and positive changes, were significant predictors of trajectory membership, particularly distinguishing the resilient trajectory from the others. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to support individuals at higher risk for ongoing distress during the pandemic.
JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Kevin M. Crombie, Tom G. Adams, Joseph E. Dunsmoor, Benjamin N. Greenwood, Jasper A. Smits, Charles B. Nemeroff, Josh M. Cisler
Summary: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often accompanied by heightened emotional responses, avoidance of trauma-related triggers, and physical health concerns. Traditional therapies focus on reducing anxiety symptoms, but do not address the physical health issues associated with PTSD. Recent evidence suggests that timed aerobic exercise can enhance fear extinction learning, making it a promising adjunctive strategy to improve physical health and enhance the effects of exposure therapies. This review provides an overview of relevant studies, discusses mechanisms behind enhanced fear extinction, and suggests areas for future research to further explore the importance of incorporating exercise into PTSD treatment.
JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Marcus Schmidt, Marianna Raczyk
Summary: FODMAPs are a type of carbohydrates that can trigger symptoms and discomfort in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Researchers have explored various approaches, such as using yeast, lactic acid bacteria, germination or enzymes, to produce low-FODMAP baking products. The selection of appropriate ingredients and the maintenance of sensory and nutritional quality are also important considerations.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Rebecca E. Lubin, Hayley E. Fitzgerald, David Rosenfield, Joseph K. Carpenter, Santiago Papini, Christina D. Dutcher, Sheila M. Dowd, Stefan G. Hofmann, Mark H. Pollack, Jasper A. J. Smits, Michael W. Otto
Summary: Inconsistent findings regarding the efficacy of DCS augmentation in exposure-based CBT for anxiety disorders have motivated the search for moderators. This study found that threat conditioning outcomes, specifically extinction and extinction retention, can predict treatment response to DCS augmentation in social anxiety disorder.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Michele Schmitter, Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt, Jan Spijker, Jasper A. J. Smits, Janna N. Vrijsen
Summary: Despite the well-known benefits of exercise in reducing depressive symptoms, the psychological mechanisms underlying this effect are still unclear. This experimental study examined the immediate impact of exercise on mood, depressotypic memory bias, and state rumination, with trait rumination tested as a possible moderator. Non-regular exercisers (N = 100) were randomly assigned to either exercise or rest, and their affect and memory bias were assessed after the intervention. The results showed that exercise led to increased positive affect, but did not significantly affect memory bias or depression-related mood and rumination.
COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Psychology
Denise A. Hien, Santiago Papini, Lissette M. Saavedra, Alexandria G. Bauer, Lesia M. Ruglass, Chantel T. Ebrahimi, Skye Fitzpatrick, Teresa Lopez-Castro, Sonya B. Norman, Therese K. Killeen, Sudie E. Back, Antonio A. Morgan-Lopez
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and network meta-analyses to examine the effects of psychotherapy and pharmacologic treatments for individuals with co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol or other drug use disorder (AOD). The findings indicate that integrated, trauma-focused therapy shows greater effectiveness in reducing PTSD symptoms compared to other therapies, while AOD medication is more effective in reducing alcohol use severity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Steven C. Hayes, Stefan G. Hofmann, Joseph Ciarrochi
Summary: This article discusses the criticisms and misunderstandings surrounding Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and its basis in behavior analysis. The article emphasizes the need for major modifications in areas such as psychometrics and research methods to achieve further development, and highlights the direction for future progress.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cody A. Cushing, Alexei J. Dawes, Stefan G. Hofmann, Hakwan Lau, Joseph E. LeDoux, Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel
Summary: This article provides a new perspective on the subjective experience of mental disorders based on findings in neuroscience and artificial intelligence. The authors propose that the subjective experience in visual imagination is influenced by mechanisms similar to generative adversarial networks developed in AI. By situating the intrusive visual imagery experience in the adversarial interaction of visual pathways, the article proposes testable hypotheses on novel mechanisms and clinical applications for controlling and preventing symptoms resulting from intrusive imagery.