Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
F. Yang, J. C. Meerman, A. P. C. Faaij
Summary: The research indicates that implementing CO2 capture and biomass utilization measures can achieve CO2 emissions reduction and net negative emissions in the industrial sector. There are variations in emission reduction potential and implementation methods across different industries, but significant emission reductions are expected to be achieved in the coming decades.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anthony Morgan, William Ampomah, Reid Grigg, Zhenxue Dai, Junyu You, Sai Wang
Summary: This study reveals that the total greenhouse gas (GHG) life cycle assessment has a significant impact on the optimization of CO2-WAG systems. Ignoring this assessment leads to inaccurate estimation of the overall net carbon emissions. By incorporating the GHG life cycle assessment, along with techno-economic assessment and carbon tax credit, the sequestration of purchased CO2 can be improved. Furthermore, the study highlights the major factors, such as direct flaring volumes of CO2, energy consumption, and equipment efficiency, that contribute to the reduction of the net storage factor.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhaoyuan Ma, Xingyi Liu, Guoxuan Li, Xiaomin Qiu, Dong Yao, Zhaoyou Zhu, Yinglong Wang, Jun Gao, Peizhe Cui
Summary: This study evaluated the economic and environmental performance of biomass-to-hydrogen conversion with different CO2 capture rates, showing that the process with CCS can result in negative greenhouse gas emissions, which is significant for achieving carbon neutralization.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ryan Cownden, Daniel Mullen, Mathieu Lucquiaud
Summary: Increased consumption of low-carbon hydrogen is a key aspect in many decarbonisation strategies. However, previous studies have not adequately evaluated how process design decisions affect GHG emissions in the most prevalent production method, steam reformation of natural gas (SRNG). This techno-economic case study assesses the emissions and cost of hydrogen produced from SRNG with CO2 capture and storage (CCS) in British Columbia, Canada, and compares it to other production methods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anish Mariadhas, B. Sathish Kumar, K. Kabilan, Jayaprabakar Jayaraman, Karthikeyan Alagu, Nivin Joy, J. Arun, S. S. Dawn, N. Nirmala
Summary: Due to concerns over the depletion of fossil fuels, biodiesel production from microalgae, which grow quickly and produce more oil than traditional feedstock, has attracted attention. Understanding the potential of microalgae as a feedstock oil for biodiesel synthesis is crucial. Algal-based biodiesel production plays an important role in achieving carbon-neutral transportation fuel. This review focuses on the qualities of microalgae oil biodiesel in terms of engine performance, combustion, and emission, as well as its techno-economic analysis and viability in compression ignition engines. Future directions based on the findings of the study are also discussed.
Article
Thermodynamics
Antonia Helf, Schalk Cloete, Florian Keller, Jan Hendrik Cloete, Abdelghafour Zaabout
Summary: This study investigates the prospects of a biomass-to-hydrogen process configuration for large-scale CO2 removal. The results show that the efficiency gains and the use of advanced gas treatment can significantly reduce the cost of hydrogen production. Moreover, high CO2 prices make this negative-emission technology economically attractive.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Moritz O. Haus, Benedikt Winter, Lorenz Fleitmann, Regina Palkovits, Andre Bardow
Summary: The prospective assessment of environmental and economic costs of emergent technologies based on biomass feedstocks is important for guiding academic research and corporate investments. This study evaluates a new pathway for producing N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone from succinic acid, showing that bio-based production can reduce global warming impacts by 25-53% compared to fossil alternatives. However, the reductions in global warming impacts should be weighed against increasing eutrophication and acidification.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Johanna Beiron, Fredrik Normann, Filip Johnsson
Summary: The study demonstrates the significant potential of Swedish biomass and waste-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plants in carbon capture and storage (CCS), enabling negative emissions and bio-CCS goals to be achieved at a low cost.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jose Alberto Herrera Barragan, Giuseppe Olivieri, Iulian Boboescu, Michel Eppink, Rene Wijffels, Antoinette Kazbar
Summary: The concept of biorefinery enables the extraction of various constituents from seaweed, ensuring resource utilization and minimizing waste generation. Green processing technologies, including innovative and environmentally-friendly extraction techniques, have been developed. Using simulation software, researchers demonstrated the feasibility of applying green technologies to extract multiple products from the brown alga Saccharina latissima. Enzyme-assisted extraction was selected as a sustainable technology to simulate the production of alginate and functional saccharides. The simulations were compared to the existing alkaline extraction technique in terms of profitability.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Agneev Mukherjee, Pieter Bruijnincx, Martin Junginger
Summary: The maritime sector accounts for a significant amount of global greenhouse gas emissions and is facing pressure to decarbonise. Renewable fuels show potential, but their high costs are a barrier. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) can enhance marine fuel decarbonisation, but adds to the cost. This study compares the costs of four renewable carbon fuels and considers the impact of carbon taxation. The results show that without carbon taxation, renewable fuels are not competitive, and methanol and DME produced using CO2 capture are the most cost-effective options.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Muhammad Rafique, Haitham M. S. Bahaidarah
Summary: The study assessed the impact of solar intensity and carbon reduction credits on the techno-economic feasibility of high-temperature particle receiver technology for process heat applications, and conducted sensitivity analysis of techno-economic indicators using a simulation tool.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Bernardo Llamas, Maria C. Suarez-Rodriguez, Cynthia V. Gonzalez-Lopez, Pedro Mora, F. Gabriel Acien
Summary: Techno-economic tool developed for analyzing microalgae production costs and CO2 fixation. Microalgae technology could be competitive in the future, but requires suitable technologies and operational conditions.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Patrick O. Saboe, Lorenz P. Manker, Hanna R. Monroe, William E. Michener, Stefan Haugen, Eric C. D. Tan, Ryan L. Prestangen, Gregg T. Beckham, Eric M. Karp
Summary: Bio-based carboxylic acids are established as adaptable precursors to renewable biofuels and chemicals, but their separation poses significant energy and cost challenges. The use of weak-base adsorption processes shows promising results in reducing operating costs, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional methods.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Fritz T. C. Ronen, Nikolas Schone, Uwe Bau, Markus A. Reuter, Manuel Dahmen, Andre Bardow
Summary: This study explores the potential of using Power-to-Hydrogen technology to reduce carbon emissions in copper production, and analyzes the implementation costs and benefits under the current techno-economic conditions in Germany. The results show that with future technological developments and increasing greenhouse gas emission certificate prices, the application of Power-to-Hydrogen technology in copper production may become more cost-effective and environmentally beneficial.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Muhammad Nauman Saeed, Mohammad Shahrivar, Gajanan Dattarao Surywanshi, Tharun Roshan Kumar, Tobias Mattisson, Amir H. Soleimanisalim
Summary: The second-generation bio aviation fuel production via Chemical Looping Gasification (CLG) combined with downstream Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a possible way to decarbonize aviation sector. This study models the full chain process of biomass to liquid fuel (BtL) with LD-slag and Ilmenite as oxygen carriers using Aspen Plus software, validates the results with experiments, and conducts a techno-economic analysis of the process.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mustafa Ercelik, Mohammed S. Ismail, Derek B. Ingham, Kevin J. Hughes, Lin Ma, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: Nickel foams are excellent candidate materials for gas diffusion layers in polymer electrolyte fuel cells due to their superior structural and transport properties. A computational framework has been developed to estimate these properties and investigate their uniformity and isotropy.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Guojun Zhang, Lin Ma, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: Rotating packed bed (RPB) technology has great potential for post-combustion capture. However, simulating the capture process inside the full RPB is difficult due to complexity and neglect of CO2 capture in the outer cavity zone. A full 3D CFD model, including packing and inner and outer cavity zones, was established in this study. The CO2 capture performance in the packing and outer cavity zones was quantitatively analyzed under different conditions. The simulation results showed good agreement with experimental data, and the contribution of the outer cavity zone to the CO2 capture of the RPB ranged from 28% to 42%. This work provides a new approach for efficient simulation of mass transfer in RPB.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Isaac C. Okereke, Mohammed S. Ismail, Derek B. Ingham, Kevin Hughes, Lin Ma, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: A new three-dimensional numerical model was developed to investigate the impact of double-sided microporous layer (MPL) coating on the performance of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). The results showed that the MPL coating significantly improved the fuel cell performance by up to 30%. Neglecting the contact resistance between the MPL and the catalyst layer could overestimate the fuel cell performance by up to 6%. The porosity of the MPL facing the bipolar plate had a greater influence on the fuel cell performance and current and oxygen distribution than the porosity facing the catalyst layer. All the results are presented and discussed in detail.
Article
Energy & Fuels
James M. Harman-Thomas, Touqeer Anwar Kashif, Kevin J. Hughes, Mohamed Pourkashanian, Aamir Farooq
Summary: Experimental data on ignition delay times (IDTs) of syngas in CO2 diluted conditions were obtained. It was found that the reaction of CO2 and H to form CO and OH caused the separation of H2 and CO ignition, increasing the complexity of determining the IDTs. A method to determine simulated IDTs was proposed for effective comparison with experimental data.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
James M. Harman-Thomas, Derek B. Ingham, Kevin J. Hughes, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: The UoS sCO(2) 2.1 mechanism has been developed to predict the ignition delay time (IDT) of methane combustion at high pressures by adding rate coefficients of new potential CH3O2 reactions. It has been shown that CH3O2 has the greatest influence on IDT at high pressures and low temperatures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinbei Tian, Mohammed S. Ismail, Derek Ingham, Kevin J. Hughes, Lin Ma, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: This study investigates the impact of three different flow channel cross sections on fuel cell performance. The results show that the novel hybrid configuration with a square cross section at the inlet and trapezoidal cross section at the outlet has a slight performance gain due to increased velocity, improving reactant gas supply, heat dissipation, and excess water removal. Reducing the outlet height of the hybrid configuration further enhances fuel cell performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yunus Celik, Derek Ingham, Lin Ma, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: The study introduces a new hybrid blade design for the Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine, combining a conventional airfoil with a J-shaped profile to enhance torque generation during start-up and mitigate efficiency loss at higher tip speed ratios. A 2D-based design methodology is proposed, and through it, different hybrid blade configurations are investigated for overall and self-starting performance. A 3D CFD dynamic start-up model is built to evaluate performance and the results show that the proposed design methodology enables quicker prediction of aerodynamic performance compared to 3D-based CFD simulations. Additionally, the new hybrid blade designs not only resolve self-starting issues but also improve turbine operating range and peak efficiency.
JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Davide Poggio, Arman Sastraatmaja, Mark Walker, Stavros Michailos, William Nimmo, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: In-situ biomethanation combines conventional biogas production with the addition of hydrogen to produce higher quality biomethane gas. The study investigates the effects of various factors, such as biogas recirculation rate and stirring intensity, on the performance of in-situ biomethanation using sewage sludge and food waste. The results indicate that the rate-limiting factor is H-2 gas-liquid mass transfer, and improving this factor is crucial for achieving desired biogas quality.
Article
Thermodynamics
Maria Fernanda Rojas-Michaga, Stavros Michailos, Evelyn Cardozo, Muhammad Akram, Kevin J. Hughes, Derek Ingham, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: This research evaluates the technical, economic, and environmental performance of a Power-to-Liquid (PtL) system for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production. The system includes a direct air capture unit, an offshore wind farm, an alkaline electrolyser, and a refinery plant. The results show high carbon conversion efficiency but intensive electricity requirements. The well-to-wake life cycle assessment reveals that the SAF's global warming potential falls below the emissions reduction target compared to fossil jet fuel.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Karim Rabea, Stavros Michailos, Godfrey T. Udeh, Jiseon Park, YongWoon Lee, Seongil Kim, Won Yang, Kevin J. Hughes, Lin Ma, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: This study presents a new hybrid renewable energy system for a smart farm in South Korea, which includes solar PV arrays, heat pumps, thermal energy storage tanks, and a wood pellet boiler. The system is economically feasible and significantly reduces CO2 emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ali J. Sultan, Derek B. Ingham, Lin Ma, Kevin J. Hughes, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: This study presents a detailed analysis and optimization of wind power implementation in Kuwait through techno-economic assessment. The findings suggest that the predictable cyclic behavior of wind speed and direction can benefit wind power generation. The optimal configurations are determined by evaluating different row numbers and layout angles, impacting factors such as Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and annual energy production.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ava Shahrokhi, Julien Berthaut-Gerentes, Lin Ma, Derek Ingham, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: This paper validates the effectiveness and accuracy of using a reduced turbulence integral length scale for inflow generation in large eddy simulation (LES) and develops a technique to estimate the real local length scales using simulation results. The results show that there is an excellent agreement between the length scale from simulation and measurement when scaled with their corresponding freestream/inlet value. This indicates that a reduced integral length scale can be safely used for LES to provide reliable predictions for energy spectrum and length scales around complex geometries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hossein S. Saraee, Kevin J. Hughes, Mohammed Pourkashanian
Summary: Developing a compact chemical kinetic mechanism for heavy hydrocarbons is important for practical investigation of fuels. The proposed simplified mechanism can accurately predict the ignition behavior and burning characteristics of isocetane, a important component of jet and diesel fuels.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nik Nor Aznizam Nik Norizam, Xin Yang, Derek Ingham, Janos Szuhanszki, Won Yang, Joao Rezende, Lin Ma, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: Ash deposition-related issues in biomass-fired utility boilers can cause thermal transfer problems and corrosion. Existing models for assessing biomass slagging propensities lack a general applicable method without extensive experimental testing. This study proposes a predictive slagging index, In, based on thermodynamic equilibrium modeling and partial least squares regression (PLSR) with cross-validation. The new index demonstrates higher success rate in predicting woody biomass slagging propensity compared to conventional indices, and also accurately predicts the slagging propensities for herbaceous biomass and blended fuel.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Charlie Adams, Ehsan Alborzi, Xue Yong, Simon Blakey, Anthony J. H. M. Meijer, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: A combination of experimental and quantum chemical techniques confirmed the theory that sulfur acids are the initial species to deposit on stainless steel.