Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lawrence Baker, Brian Phillips, Laura J. Faherty, Jeanne S. Ringel, Ashley M. Kranz
Summary: This study investigated racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The findings showed that the uptake rate of the first dose was higher among Hispanic and Asian individuals compared to White and Black individuals, while the uptake rate of the booster dose was higher among Asian and White individuals compared to Black and Hispanic individuals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Helene E. Aschmanna, Alicia R. Riley, Ruijia Chen, Yea-Hung Chen, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Andrew C. Stokes, M. Maria Glymour, Mathew V. Kiang
Summary: As research shows, the COVID-19 pandemic has had different impacts on different races and ethnicities, leading to disparities in mortality rates. Prior to the pandemic, mortality disparities among different races and ethnicities were relatively stable. However, with the onset of the pandemic, mortality disadvantages increased for American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN), Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NHOPI), and Black individuals, while mortality advantages decreased for Asian and Hispanic groups. During COVID-19 surges, mortality rate ratios generally increased, but in the summer of 2021 and winter of 2021/2022, disparities approached pre-pandemic levels for Asian and Black individuals. Importantly, two populations below age 65 fared worse than White individuals during these surges. Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of racial/ethnic disparities in mortality, particularly the exacerbation of mortality inequities for Indigenous groups due to the pandemic.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Sidra N. Bonner, Chloe A. Powell, James W. Stewart, Lesly A. Dossett
Summary: This review discusses effective interventions at multiple levels to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in surgical care, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based approaches and the need for further research. Implementing these interventions and prioritizing funding for intervention-based research are crucial for achieving surgical equity.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
G. Krishnamoorthy, C. Arsene, N. Jena, S. M. Mogulla, R. Coakley, J. Khine, N. Khosrodad, A. Klein, A. A. Sule
Summary: This study evaluated racial disparities in characteristics and comorbidities of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Michigan, United States. The results showed that Black patients were younger, had higher body mass index and diabetes prevalence, and presented later compared to White patients. However, despite higher obesity rates in young Black patients, hospitalized Black patients did not have worse outcomes compared to White patients.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kate W. Strully, Teresa M. Harrison, Theresa A. Pardo, Jordan Carleo-Evangelist
Summary: The study emphasizes that vaccine hesitancy and access barriers, particularly within minority communities, pose significant hurdles to achieving widespread uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. Overcoming these barriers requires community-engaged campaigns that emphasize understandable and culturally appropriate messages and utilize existing community infrastructure to deliver accurate information.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Savanah Russ, John Bramley, Yu Liu, Irena Boyce
Summary: A study was conducted in the Finger Lakes region of New York State to determine COVID-19 vaccine uptake among racialized groups. Cross-matching and validation were used to reduce missing race information in vaccine records. The study found that vaccine uptake was highest among individuals identifying as White, followed by those identifying as Black.
Article
Hematology
Brandon Metra, Ross Summer, Sandra Elaine Brooks, Gautam George, Baskaran Sundaram
Summary: This study found that black race was associated with a higher risk of pulmonary embolism and mortality after COVID-19. Additionally, black patients with COVID-19 and PE had a higher mortality compared to white patients.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Long H. Nguyen, Adjoa Anyane-Yeboa, Kerstin Klaser, Jordi Merino, David A. Drew, Wenjie Ma, Raaj S. Mehta, Daniel Y. Kim, Erica T. Warner, Amit D. Joshi, Mark S. Graham, Carole H. Sudre, Ellen J. Thompson, Anna May, Christina Hu, Solveig Jorgensen, Somesh Selvachandran, Sarah E. Berry, Sean P. David, Maria Elena Martinez, Jane C. Figueiredo, Anne M. Murray, Alan R. Sanders, Karestan C. Koenen, Jonathan Wolf, Sebastien Ourselin, Tim D. Spector, Claire J. Steves, Andrew T. T. Chan
Summary: Racial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19, with higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to the White population. This study analyzed data from over 691,000 participants in the US and UK and found that racial/ethnic minorities had elevated odds of screening positive for depression, even after considering personal factors and COVID-19 infection status. Rates of anxiety screening were comparable. These disparities in mental health outcomes highlight the need for healthcare systems to prioritize the long-term consequences of the pandemic for minority groups.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rebecca J. Gorges, R. Tamara Konetzka
Summary: This study found that nursing homes with higher proportions of non-White residents experienced COVID-19 death counts that were 3.3 times higher than facilities with higher proportions of White residents. Factors such as larger facility size and higher infection burden in areas with higher proportions of non-White residents were associated with these differences. Focusing limited resources on facilities with higher proportions of non-White residents is necessary to support nursing homes during potential future outbreaks.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Eric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Judith S. Currier, Stephen Morrissey
Summary: This article discusses the evolving role of research groups in combating Covid-19 and future epidemics, and explores the importance of reinventing the research infrastructure.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Kian C. Banks, Colin M. Mooney, Rachel Borthwell, Kealia Victorino, Sophia Coutu, Kirea Mazzolini, Jessica Dzubnar, Timothy D. Browder, Gregory P. Victorino
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients of color experienced a disproportionate increase in trauma, particularly in penetrating trauma and mortality rates. Asian patients had a significant increase in mortality after the start of the pandemic.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elizabeth Wrigley-Field, Sarah Garcia, Jonathon P. Leider, David Van Riper
Summary: Research shows significant racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality, especially in disadvantaged neighborhoods. In 2020, total mortality increased by 14% for non-Hispanic White people and 41% for BIPOC. Furthermore, statistical data indicates that most of the growth in racial disparity is due to mortality gaps between White people and communities of color.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rachel Martin, Sonali Rajan, Faizah Shareef, Kristal C. Xie, Kalice A. Allen, Marc Zimmerman, Jonathan Jay
Summary: Childhood exposure to neighborhood firearm violence has negative effects on mental and physical health. This study reveals significant racial disparities in such exposures across the U.S., with these disparities growing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Zanthia Wiley, Katie Ross-Driscoll, Zhensheng Wang, Laken Smothers, Aneesh K. Mehta, Rachel E. Patzer
Summary: Blacks and Hispanics are overrepresented among emergency department patients with COVID-19 and have higher risk of in-hospital mortality. The study emphasizes the need for interventions targeting social determinants of health to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fatima Rodriguez, Nicole Solomon, James A. de Lemos, Sandeep R. Das, David A. Morrow, Steven M. Bradley, Mitchell S. Elkind, Joseph H. Williams, DaJuanicia Holmes, Roland A. Matsouaka, Divya Gupta, Ty J. Gluckman, Marwah Abdalla, Michelle A. Albert, Clyde W. Yancy, Tracy Y. Wang
Summary: The study aimed to identify racial and ethnic differences in presentation and outcomes for COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the United States. Despite adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical differences, Black and Hispanic patients had a greater burden of mortality and morbidity compared to non-Hispanic White patients. Although in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ by race/ethnicity after adjustment, disparities in health outcomes still exist among different racial and ethnic groups in COVID-19 hospitalizations.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Joanna Dobbin, Adrienne Milner, Alexander Dobbin, Jessica Potter
Summary: This research highlights the disproportionate impact of NHS charging policies on migrant women, particularly undocumented women, in England. Women are invoiced higher amounts, and almost half of the patients are of reproductive age. Urgent treatment costs the most, but only a few trusts provided data on urgency.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Adrienne Milner, Rebecca Nielsen, Emma Norris
Summary: The study found that Brexit has had a significant impact on European doctors, with themes emerging such as feeling unwelcome in the UK, Brexit seen as racism, uncertainty about legal ability to work, strain on relationships, and a current lack of concern about Brexit. Healthcare providers should provide support to address these issues and create inclusive environments for all staff and patients.
BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandra Jumbe, Tony Mwenda Kamninga, Isaac Mwalwimba, Ukwuori-Gisela Kalu
Summary: This literature review discusses the determinants and associated factors of adolescent substance use in Africa over the past two decades, aiming to provide information for interventions and treatment plans for this population.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sandra Jumbe, Adrienne Milner, Megan Clinch, Jonathan Kennedy, Richard J. Pinder, Carolyn A. Sharpe, Kevin Fenton
Summary: This paper reflects on Southwark Council's response to the 2017 terror attack in London, highlighting the wide-reaching negative impacts on mental health in the community. Improved communication and systematic mental health needs assessment are key in responding to terrorist incidents for better community support. Prioritizing mental health of attack responders to mitigate long-term negative impacts is crucial.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Adrienne Milner, Rebecca Nielsen, Ashton M. Verdery
Summary: The study found that doctors who believed Brexit had impacted their professional lives were more likely to state they intended to leave the UK. Additionally, doctors with higher levels of British identity were less likely to leave compared to those with reduced British identity. Interestingly, those with higher levels of European identity were less likely to leave but more likely to consider leaving compared to those with lower levels of European identity.
ANNALS OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Berkeley Franz, Adrienne Milner, Ii Jomills Henry Braddock
Summary: The study found that mask wearing increased when the mortality rates of white individuals relative to Black and Hispanic individuals were higher, possibly due to insensitivity towards the deaths of Black and Hispanic individuals and unwillingness to engage in health-protective behaviors. The broader history of systemic racism and residential segregation may also explain why white individuals do not wear masks or perceive themselves as at risk when communities of color are disproportionately affected by COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC HEALTH DISPARITIES
(2022)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Sophie Hoque, Elizabeth H. Baker, Adrienne Milner
Summary: The study revealed significant disparities in the representation of Racially Minoritised individuals in leadership roles compared to their student populations in London medical schools. However, there was no significant difference in the representation of women in leadership roles compared to their student populations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Berkeley Franz, Ben Parker, Adrienne Milner, Jomills H. Braddock
Summary: This study examines the association between systemic racism, residential segregation, and racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 deaths. The findings suggest that residential segregation is a stronger predictor of COVID-19 deaths among Black Americans. The study underscores the importance of addressing the negative impact of residential segregation on health outcomes and developing targeted health policies.
ETHNICITY & DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandra Jumbe, Joel Nyali, Maryrose Simbeye, Nelson Zakeyu, Gase Motshewa, Subba Rao Pulapa
Summary: Limited knowledge on tackling mental health problems among youth in Africa highlights the need for community engagement. Youth in Malawi face a vicious cycle of poverty and mental health issues, exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic. Online focus groups provide a valuable platform for acquiring views and culturally adapting interventions, strengthening stakeholder networks and research dissemination.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandra Jumbe, Vichithranie W. Madurasinghe, Wai Yee James, Colin Houlihan, Samantha L. Jumbe, Tammy Yau, Florian Tomini, Sandra Eldridge, Borislava Mihaylova, Liz Steed, Ratna Sohanpal, Darush Attar, Stephanie J. C. Taylor, Chris Griffiths, Robert Walton
Summary: This study aimed to explore a complex intervention to increase the uptake and retention of stop smoking services in community pharmacies. However, the results showed that the intervention had no significant effect on setting a quit date, retention, or quit rate. Additionally, the study found that pharmacy staff had a positive attitude towards the intervention, but other factors may limit the capacity of the service.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rageshri Dhairyawan, Adrienne Milner, John P. Thornhill, Longret Kwardem, Nashaba Matin, Chloe Orkin, Kevin Deane
Summary: This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of individuals who initiated rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) within 7 days of HIV diagnosis in routine care in London. Purposive sampling was used to conduct 18 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with individuals who started rapid ART at Barts Health NHS Trust. The study identified four main themes: acceptance of rapid ART, taking control of one's health, the need for information and support, and individualized care. The findings suggest that early initiation of ART is acceptable and beneficial for individuals newly diagnosed with HIV.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Ethnic Studies
Berkeley Franz, Adrienne N. Milner, R. Khari Brown
Summary: The research findings suggest that opposition to the Affordable Care Act may reflect a longer history of racialized social welfare policies in the U.S. Perceptions of the ACA are mainly influenced by racial attitudes and support for social policies.
RACE AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Adrienne Milner, Berkeley Franz, Jomills Henry Braddock
