期刊
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
卷 9, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082520
关键词
epigenetic signature of germ cells; sperm epigenome; environmental pollutant; diet impact on epigenetic route
资金
- Portuguese national funds via FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [UIDB/04539/2020]
- Italian Ministry of University and Research (Grant PRIN)
- Universita degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (Grant VALERE, Vanvitelli per la Ricerca 2019)
- Universita degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (Grant Dip. Medicina Sperimentale-2020)
- Universita degli Studi di Padova (Stars@UniPd WRAPS
- PRID-DMM)
- Cariparo Foundation (Starting Grants 2015)
- COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation [UIDB/04539/2020]
In the last 40 years, male reproductive health-which is very sensitive to both environmental exposure and metabolic status-has deteriorated and the poor sperm quality observed has been suggested to affect offspring development and its health in adult life. In this scenario, evidence now suggests that epigenetics shapes endocrine functions, linking genetics and environment. During fertilization, spermatozoa share with the oocyte their epigenome, along with their haploid genome, in order to orchestrate embryo development. The epigenetic signature of spermatozoa is the result of a dynamic modulation of the epigenetic marks occurring, firstly, in the testis-during germ cell progression-then, along the epididymis, where spermatozoa still receive molecules, conveyed by epididymosomes. Paternal lifestyle, including nutrition and exposure to hazardous substances, alters the phenotype of the next generations, through the remodeling of a sperm epigenetic blueprint that dynamically reacts to a wide range of environmental and lifestyle stressors. With that in mind, this review will summarize and discuss insights into germline epigenetic plasticity caused by environmental stimuli and diet and how spermatozoa may be carriers of induced epimutations across generations through a mechanism known as paternal transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
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