Article
Mechanics
Zhi Wu Jiang, Rui Chen, Tao Wu, Hang Ding, Er Qiang Li
Summary: Contactless droplet transport, specifically examining the motion of sessile binary or pure water droplets under the contactless Marangoni effect, has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The driving force generated from the evaporation of a pure liquid source droplet was validated through experimental data. A linear approximation between the spreading radius and droplet spacing was proposed, influencing the calculation of the driving force.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Liangwei Dong, Yaroslav Kartashov
Summary: We predict a new type of stable quantum droplets that rotate persistently in broad external potentials, resembling whispering-gallery modes localized in the polar direction. These rotating quantum droplets exhibit a rich variety of shapes, from flat-top to crescentlike objects, and remain stable practically in the entire range of their existence.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Shuren Song, Jia Zhou, Antonino Marciano, Antoine Riaud
Summary: This paper proposes a method of using acoustic streaming to link hydrodynamic filaments in fluids and demonstrates its effectiveness through experiments. The study shows that the inversion of flow chirality can be observed by increasing the topological charge of an acoustic screw dislocation.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sadaf Maramizonouz, Mohammad Rahmati, Andreas Link, Thomas Franke, Yongqing Fu
Summary: Exploring acoustic streaming effects for microfluidic devices is crucial in various fields like biomedical engineering, medical diagnostics, cell studies, and chemistry. Computational modeling is essential to understand and efficiently use acoustofluidic systems, with this paper focusing on investigating the effects of surface acoustic waves in a microchannel flow using two computational approaches. Results show that the first approach is more accurate in predicting the dynamic behavior of microparticles, while the second approach is more computationally efficient and still yields reasonable agreement with experiments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
D. A. Gubaidullin, P. P. Osipov, R. R. Nasyrov
Summary: This study investigates the flow of a viscous compressible gas in a closed rectangular resonator induced by harmonic oscillations of its boundary, revealing the existence of four Rayleigh vortices and four Schlichting vortices. The results show that as the channel width decreases, the dimensions of Schlichting vortices increase while Rayleigh vortices disappear. The influence of different means of standing wave generation on the acoustic streaming pattern is found to be weak.
Article
Optics
T. A. Yogurt, U. Tanyeri, A. Keles, M. O. Oktel
Summary: The study finds that rapidly rotating Bose mixture quantum droplets form a triangular vortex lattice under strong external confinement, and the overall density distribution is consistent with the theoretical model. Compared to repulsive Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), rapidly rotating droplets show significant changes in vortex core size at finite density and cause slight distortion to the lattice. Furthermore, rapidly rotating droplets exhibit only a fractional change in their size as the rotation frequency approaches the trapping frequency.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Woohyuk Kim, Beomseok Cha, Jessie S. Jeon, Jinsoo Park
Summary: We have developed an acoustofluidic method for dynamically controlling the chemical concentration (CC) within picoliterscale droplets at high-throughput production. The method involves rapidly mixing two fluids using acoustic streaming flow-induced micro-vortices, and precisely controlling the mixing index through modulation of the wave amplitude. We have demonstrated the applicability of this method for producing droplet libraries with tunable CCs, which is promising for various droplet microfluidic applications.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Naiqing Zhang, Amihai Horesh, James Friend
Summary: Manipulation and mixing of fluids and colloids at the nanoscale is challenging due to the dominance of surface and viscous forces, but the use of megahertz (MHz)-order vibration in microfluidics has significantly advanced these capabilities. By discovering new regimes of acoustic wave interaction with small water droplets, manipulation and splitting of fluid droplets has been successfully achieved in fully transparent, high-aspect ratio nanoslit channels.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew Stein, Sam Keller, Yujie Luo, Ognjen Ilic
Summary: The authors demonstrate that subwavelength meta-patterns on the surface can enable acoustic waves to drive and guide large objects. They show that the force exerted by the waves can be controlled by arranging surface features, independent of the object's shape and size. This breakthrough in acoustic wave manipulation opens new frontiers in contactless actuation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Junjun Lei, Gaokun Zheng, Zhen Yao, Zhigang Huang
Summary: In this study, the authors analyze the outer acoustic streaming flows generated over a fluid-solid interface using theoretical and numerical methods. They explore the differences between symmetric and asymmetric acoustic resonances and find that in symmetric resonances, the limiting velocities always drive fluids from the acoustic pressure node towards adjacent antinodes. However, in asymmetric resonances, the outer acoustic streaming is spatially separated from the acoustic radiation force and is independent of the shift in acoustic pressure. These findings have implications for acoustics streaming flow control and particle manipulation in microfluidics applications.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hao Ge, Shuai Liu, Xiang-Yuan Xu, Zi-Wei Long, Yuan Tian, Xiao-Ping Liu, Ming-Hui Lu, Yan-Feng Chen
Summary: The recent discovery of optical spatiotemporal (ST) vortex beams with transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) has attracted attention and is expected to have practical applications in various fields. This study focuses on the development of ST vortex beams in acoustics and demonstrates the generation of Bessel-type ST acoustic vortex beams. The study provides a comprehensive characterization of the ST vortex beams and explores their versatility in controlling wave phenomena.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Gan Zhai, Yizhou Xin, Cameron J. Kopas, Ella Lachman, Mark Field, Josh Y. Mutus, Katarina Cicak, Jose Aumentado, Zuhawn Sung, W. P. Halperin
Summary: This study demonstrates contactless excitation and detection of high harmonic acoustic overtones in a thin insulator single crystal using radio frequency spectroscopy techniques. The coupling between electromagnetic signals and mechanical oscillation is achieved through the Lorentz force generated by an external magnetic field. This method is applicable to samples with a metallic surface or covered with a thin metal film.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philip A. Thomas, Kishan S. Menghrajani, William L. Barnes
Summary: The authors demonstrate that phase singularities can be created and controlled, all optically, in a simple thin film of organic molecules using cavity-free strong light-matter coupling. This finding not only opens up new possibilities for the application of strong light-matter coupling, but also provides a new, simplified, and more versatile means of manipulating phase singularities.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gengchao Chen, Xianmin Zhang, Ning Li
Summary: This paper demonstrates a strategy for coalescing and arranging droplets based on non-contact manipulation in silicone oil using acoustic streaming. The patterns of spiral vortex fields were measured and calculated, and the intervals for manipulating droplets were determined. The method successfully re-orders and merges droplets without emulsification, proving its suitability for applications in analytical chemistry, biomedicine, and biology fields.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tao Luo, Sirui Liu, Rui Zhou, Chen Zhang, Dongyang Chen, Yi Zhan, Qilin Hu, Xi He, Yu Xie, Zhijie Huan, Wendi Gao, Ruirui Li, Gongfa Yuan, Yancheng Wang, Wei Zhou
Summary: Droplet manipulation on superhydrophobic surfaces using contactless acoustic waves is reported. A contactless acoustic tweezer is developed by establishing an ultrasonic standing wave between an ultrasound transducer and a superhydrophobic substrate. The acoustic radiation forces are utilized to trap and move droplets, allowing for precise and controllable movement.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Wei-Kai Liu, Benjamin Tan, Jason M. Fung, Ramesh Karri, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Summary: To meet design requirements and application needs, designers integrate multiple IPs to produce a SoC. For improved survivability, patching the SoC is necessary to mitigate potential security issues. We propose adding programmable hardware-based support for monitoring and bug mitigation. Our approach guides designers to maximize the benefits of adding patchability to various IPs in the system, given a target resource overhead. Experimental results show superior patchability compared to other approaches, with a viable patching infrastructure generated within a specified cost limit.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Renjian Pan, Xin Li, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Summary: To address the challenge of root-cause analysis in complex integrated systems, a multialgorithm two-stage clustering method with transfer learning is proposed in this article. The method utilizes machine learning techniques and does not rely on root-cause labels obtained from human experts. It demonstrates superior performance in two case studies based on network products, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Arjun Chaudhuri, Sanmitra Banerjee, Jinwoo Kim, Sung Kyu Lim, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Summary: The testing and diagnosis of interlayer vias (ILVs) in monolithic 3-D (M3D) ICs are crucial for increasing yield and improving product quality. A new BIST framework is proposed to address the challenges of testing and localizing faults in realistic ILV layouts, optimizing for test time and performance overhead. Evaluation results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework in M3D benchmarks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Liang Shen, Zhenhua Tian, Jinxin Zhang, Haodong Zhu, Kaichun Yang, Teng Li, Joseph Rich, Neil Upreti, Nanjing Hao, Zhichao Pei, Geonsoo Jin, Shujie Yang, Yaosi Liang, Wang Chaohui, Tony Jun Huang
Summary: This study presents acousto-dielectric tweezers that utilize surface acoustic waves and alternating current electric fields to apply controllable acoustophoretic and dielectrophoretic forces on cells, enabling the trapping and differentiation of cells based on their intrinsic biophysical properties. Experimental results demonstrate the potential applications of the mechanism in single-cell analysis, size-insensitive cell separation, and cell phenotyping.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Mahmoud Elfar, Yi-Chen Chang, Harrison Hao-Yu Ku, Tung-Che Liang, Krishnendu Chakrabarty, Miroslav Pajic
Summary: The study introduces a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based approach to bypass degraded electrodes and enhance the reliability of routing. Simulation results show that the proposed approach provides effective routing strategies for COVID-19 testing protocols. Experimental results validate the feasibility of the DRL-based approach and demonstrate its superiority in terms of reduced clock cycles and shorter execution time compared to baseline methods.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Biresh Kumar Joardar, Tyler K. Bletsch, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Summary: Rowhammer is a security vulnerability caused by the electrical interaction between adjacent rows in DRAMs. We propose a machine learning-based solution that can detect and prevent Rowhammer attacks reliably. This method has lower power and area overhead compared to existing solutions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Sanmitra Banerjee, Mahdi Nikdast, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Summary: Integrated photonic neural networks (IPNNs) are being considered as promising alternatives to traditional electronic AI accelerators due to their improved computing speed and energy efficiency. However, the accuracy of IPNNs can be negatively affected by imperfections in the underlying MZI devices, including variations in lithography and thermal crosstalk. In this article, we systematically analyze the impact of such imperfections on IPNN accuracy and identify critical components that can lead to significant degradation. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing these imperfections to improve the reliability of IPNNs.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Sanmitra Banerjee, Mahdi Nikdast, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Summary: This article presents a method of criticality assessment to identify susceptible components of silicon-photonic neural networks.
IEEE DESIGN & TEST
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Farshad Firouzi, Shiyi Jiang, Krishnendu Chakrabarty, Bahar Farahani, Mahmoud Daneshmand, Jaeseung Song, Kunal Mankodiya
Summary: The digital transformation involves the convergence of technologies such as IoT, edge-fog-cloud computing, AI, and blockchain, blurring the lines between the physical and digital worlds. While these innovations have developed independently, they are increasingly intertwined, driving new business models. However, the adoption of this convergence is still in its early stages, facing issues such as a lack of consensus and best practices. This article provides a comprehensive insight into the fusion of these technologies, discussing requirements, reference architectures, applications, and challenges, and presenting a case study on privacy-preserving stress monitoring and management.
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jin Zhou, Jackson McNabb, Nick DeCapite, Jose R. Ruiz, Deborah A. Fisher, Sonia Grego, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Summary: This article presents a stool image analysis approach for classifying the form and color of stool using an IoT-based smart toilet. The researchers constructed a dataset of 3275 stool images, annotated by two gastroenterologists, and used convolutional neural networks and machine-learning techniques to achieve accurate classification of stool form and color. They also utilized an edge-cloud approach to optimize the balance between accuracy and latency in the classification process.
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Biresh Kumar Joardar, Janardhan Rao Doppa, Hai Li, Krishnendu Chakrabarty, Partha Pratim Pande
Summary: Training ML models at the edge can solve privacy/security issues, improve accessibility, and meet real-time requirements. However, existing edge platforms lack computing power for complex tasks. ReRAM-based architectures offer high-performance computing for on-chip CNN training, but lack scalability. This paper proposes a crossbar-aware pruning strategy, ReaLPrune, which can prune over 90% of weights, reducing hardware requirements and accelerating training.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TOPICS IN COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Ling Zhang, Zipeng Li, Xing Huang, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Summary: Digital microfluidic biochips are a promising alternative for laboratory procedures, and this study proposes a new daisy-chain design approach that integrates a self-repair scheme to automatically detect and correct faults. It also presents an efficient test generation method to achieve 100% fault coverage.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Xiaoxuan Yang, Huanrui Yang, Janardhan Rao Doppa, Partha Pratim Pande, Krishnendu Chakrabartys, Hai Li
Summary: PIM enables energy-efficient deployment of CNNs, but the limited write endurance of ReRAM-based PIM hinders neural network training. To address this, we propose an endurance-aware framework called ESSENCE, which reduces weight reprogrammings by dynamically adjusting the probability of gradient updates. Experimental results show that ESSENCE can extend ReRAM's lifetime for training and achieve significant savings in update counts.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Shujie Yang, Joseph Rufo, Ruoyu Zhong, Joseph Rich, Zeyu Wang, Luke P. P. Lee, Tony Jun Huang
Summary: Acoustic tweezers offer an efficient and contact-free way to manipulate individual cells and particles. Its application in next-generation cellular assays can enhance our understanding of biological systems. With acoustic tweezers, users can conduct a variety of experiments involving trapping, patterning, pairing, and separating single cells in the field of biological sciences.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuyang Gu, Viksit Kumar, E. G. Sunethra K. Dayavansha, Scott Schoen Jr, Ernest Feleppa, Rimon Tadross, Michael H. Wang, Michael J. Washburn, Kai Thomenius, Anthony E. Samir
Summary: ADAPT is an acoustic diffraction-resistant adaptive profile technology that can generate a propagation-invariant beam with high flexibility. It has applications in various fields such as medicine, biology, and material science.
