Review
Infectious Diseases
Sisi Zhen, Hui Wang, Sizhou Feng
Summary: CAZ-AVI is a valuable therapeutic option for MDR-GNB infections, particularly for KPC or OXA-48 CRE infections. It shows significant benefits and improved clinical outcomes, even in immunocompromised patients. Early use of CAZ-AVI is associated with better efficacy. However, resistance development in CRE and MDR-PA against CAZ-AVI is a concern, and further investigations are needed.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Barbara Balandin, Daniel Ballesteros, Vicente Pintado, Cruz Soriano-Cuesta, Irene Cid-Tovar, Milagros Sancho-Gonzalez, Maria Jose Perez-Pedrero, Marta Chicot, Maria Jose Asensio-Martin, Jose Alberto Silva, Rafael Ruiz de Luna, Cristina Martin-Dal Gesso, Diego Anibal Rodriguez-Serrano, Fernando Martinez-Sagasti, Ana Royuela
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam (C/A) in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections in critically ill patients. The results showed that C/A was effective in treating severe GNB infections, including carbapenem-resistant isolates, in critically ill patients. Combination therapy with C/A did not have a higher clinical response compared to monotherapy. The presence of bacteremia, previous corticosteroid use, and the need for life-supporting therapies were significantly associated with mortality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maria Di Pietrantonio, Lucia Brescini, Jennifer Candi, Morroni Gianluca, Francesco Pallotta, Sara Mazzanti, Paolo Mantini, Bianca Candelaresi, Silvia Olivieri, Francesco Ginevri, Giulia Cesaretti, Sefora Castelletti, Emanuele Cocci, Rosaria G. Polo, Elisabetta Cerutti, Oriana Simonetti, Oscar Cirioni, Marcello Tavio, Andrea Giacometti, Francesco Barchiesi
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam treatment in 81 patients with Gram-negative infection. The results showed that ceftazidime/avibactam exhibited high efficacy in treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens with limited treatment options.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Junyan Qu, Jian Xu, Yanbin Liu, Chenggong Hu, Cejun Zhong, Xiaoju Lv
Summary: This retrospective study compared the effectiveness of ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) and polymyxin B in treating carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) infections. The results showed that the CAZ/AVI group had lower rates of treatment failure and 28-day in-hospital mortality compared to the polymyxin B group. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, acute renal failure, higher Charlson comorbidity index, and Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores were identified as risk factors for treatment failure, while CAZ/AVI therapy had a protective effect. Additionally, CCI≥5 and APACHE II score≥15 were associated with higher 28-day in-hospital mortality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jiaxin Yu, Wei Zuo, Hongwei Fan, Jiayu Wu, Luyao Qiao, Benyu Yang, Wenxi Li, Yang Yang, Bo Zhang
Summary: Ceftazidime-avibactam (C-A) was found to be an effective therapy for severe carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections, and clinical response was correlated with the time of C-A initiation. A dosage >3.75g/d C-A was associated with prolonged survival for patients in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Randomized controlled trials or multicenter studies are needed to confirm these findings.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dan Li, Fan Fei, Hua Yu, Xiangning Huang, Shanshan Long, Hao Zhou, Jie Zhang
Summary: This study systematically reviewed and compared the efficacy and posttreatment resistance of ceftazidime-avibactam therapy and ceftazidime-avibactam-based combination therapy in patients with Gram-negative pathogens. The results showed no significant difference in mortality rate, microbiologically negative, and clinical success between the two treatments, but a trend favoring the combination therapy in terms of posttreatment resistance was found. Additional high-quality studies are needed to further verify the conclusions.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Arsheena Yassin, Mariya Huralska, Jason M. Pogue, Deepali Dixit, Robert G. Sawyer, Keith S. Kaye
Summary: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections has significantly increased in the past decade, leading to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Treating these infections presents challenges, particularly for critically ill patients with limited margin for error. The availability of new therapies has improved treatment options, but optimal clinical and therapeutic approaches for managing these infections still need to be established.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hai-Hui Zhuang, Ying Chen, Qin Hu, Wen-Ming Long, Xiao-Li Wu, Qin Wang, Tian-Tian Xu, Qiang Qu, Yi-Ping Liu, Yi-Wen Xiao, Jian Qu
Summary: This study retrospectively evaluated the clinical and microbiological efficacy, patient mortality, and other associated factors of ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI)-based regimens for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB). The results showed that CAZ/AVI had good clinical and microbiological efficacy in treating CR-GNB infection, but renal dysfunction and the adjusted dose of CAZ/AVI could affect efficacy. Rating: 8 out of 10.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Thamer A. Almangour, Leen Ghonem, Dareen Alassiri, Alanoud Aljurbua, Mohammed Al Musawa, Aminah Alharbi, Abdullah Almohaizeie, Sara Almuhisen, Jeelan Alghaith, Nader Damfu, Doaa Aljefri, Wafa Alfahad, Yaqoub Khormi, Menyfah Q. Alanazi, Yazed Saleh Alsowaida
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of C-T and CAZ-AVI in treating infections caused by resistant P. aeruginosa. The results showed no significant differences between C-T and CAZ-AVI in terms of in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, clinical cure, and safety. Both drugs can be potential options for the treatment of MDR P. aeruginosa infections.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Carmen Antonia Sanches Ito, Larissa Bail, Lavinia Nery Villa Stangler Arend, Kleber Oliveira Silva, Simone Sebold Michelotto, Keite da Silva Nogueira, Felipe Francisco Tuon
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of a new MicroScan Neg multidrug-resistant MIC 1 (NMR1) panel for clinical carbapenem-nonsusceptible Gram-negative bacilli isolates, demonstrating high reliability in detecting ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam. The panel is a viable option for clinical applications, especially for KPC-producing Enterobacterales and carbapenem-nonsusceptible P. aeruginosa.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Qing Wang, Ping Xu, Yangang Zhou
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the rationality of clinical use and clinical response of ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) infections. The results showed that ceftazidime-avibactam might be a potential choice for the treatment of MDR-GNB infections.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Charalampos Zarras, Elias Iosifidis, Maria Simitsopoulou, Styliani Pappa, Angeliki Kontou, Emmanuel Roilides, Anna Papa
Summary: This article reports a case of neonatal sepsis caused by CAZ/AVI-resistant bla(KPC-2)-harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying bla(VEB-25), and describes the use of a customized active surveillance program and enhanced infection control measures. The emergence of bla(VEB-25) signals horizontal plasmid transfer in hospital facilities and highlights the importance of monitoring for novel resistance mechanisms. Molecular diagnostics can guide appropriate antimicrobial therapy and the early implementation of infection control measures against antimicrobial resistance.
Article
Microbiology
Shuang Xiao, Qianwen Fu, Youhan Miao, Manna Zhao, Shengwei Lu, Jie Xu, Weifeng Zhao
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the data of 139 patients treated with Ceftazidime-Avibactam (CAZ-AVI) for Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) infections. The results showed that CAZ-AVI had high clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance. Compared to Polymyxin B, CAZ-AVI had better outcomes and lower adverse events. However, there was a 14.6% resistance rate to CAZ-AVI, with Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) showing resistance rates of 13.5% and 15.4%, respectively.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Zihao Zheng, Ziqiang Shao, Lihai Lu, Siyu Tang, Kai Shi, Fangxiao Gong, Jingquan Liu
Summary: This study investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with CR-GNB infections treated with ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) combined with colistin in China. The results suggest that this combination therapy has potential efficacy in treating CR-GNB infections, but further studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness and adverse effects.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Francesco Venuti, Lorenza Romani, Maia De Luca, Costanza Tripiciano, Paolo Palma, Maria Chiriaco, Andrea Finocchi, Laura Lancella
Summary: Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are becoming more common in children and have negative clinical outcomes, particularly in critically ill patients. However, several new beta lactam antibiotics lack pediatric indications approved by the FDA and EMA, resulting in uncertain treatment strategies and dosing regimens for pediatric use.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Igor Vendramin, Maddalena Peghin, Carlo Tascini, Ugolino Livi
Summary: Infections from Mycobacterium chimaera have been linked to heater-cooler units used during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures since 2006, with a long incubation period and challenging treatment. Patients may develop infections years after surgery, indicating the importance of long-term follow-up for individuals who underwent procedures with such equipment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY
(2021)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marcello Mariani, Chiara Medici, Elisabetta Ugolotti, Giuseppe Losurdo, Alessio Mesini, Elio Castagnola
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Valentina Gerussi, Maddalena Peghin, Alvisa Palese, Valentina Bressan, Erica Visintini, Giulia Bontempo, Elena Graziano, Maria De Martino, Miriam Isola, Carlo Tascini
Summary: The study aimed to assess the attitude towards influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations among COVID-19 recovered patients, revealing a prevalent hesitancy towards both vaccines. Factors such as older age, public work exposure, and previous flu shots were associated with a positive attitude towards vaccinations.
Review
Microbiology
Daniele R. Giacobbe, Andrea Cortegiani, Ilias Karaiskos, Toine Mercier, Sofia Tejada, Maddalena Peghin, Cecilia Grecchi, Chiara Rebuffi, Erika Asperges, Valentina Zuccaro, Luigia Scudeller, Matteo Bassetti
Summary: The FUNDICU project aims to provide standard definitions for invasive fungal diseases in critically ill adult patients, but there is currently insufficient data to evaluate the performance of existing definitions and tests for certain IFDs.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maddalena Peghin, Emilio Bouza, Martina Fabris, Maria De Martino, Alvisa Palese, Giulia Bontempo, Elena Graziano, Valentina Gerussi, Valentina Bressan, Assunta Sartor, Miriam Isola, Carlo Tascini, Francesco Curcio
Summary: This study found that reinfection after the first wave of COVID-19 was very uncommon in an unselected population after a prolonged observation period of 10 months. It mainly occurred in individuals with a previous history of mild infection and weak or absent serological response, presenting with mild or asymptomatic clinical symptoms.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Maddalena Peghin, Maria De Martino, Martina Fabris, Alvisa Palese, Erica Visintini, Elena Graziano, Valentina Gerussi, Giulia Bontempo, Federica D'Aurizio, Alessia Biasotto, Assunta Sartor, Corrado Pipan, Stefania Marzinotto, Francesco Curcio, Emilio Bouza, Miriam Isola, Carlo Tascini
Summary: This study found that age, number of symptoms at acute onset, and severity of acute COVID-19 were independent predictors of long-term immunity in COVID-19 patients. IgM antibodies disappeared at 4 months, and about half of patients showed a decline in IgG antibodies after 10 months.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Alessio Mesini, Carolina Saffioti, Marcello Mariani, Angelo Florio, Chiara Medici, Andrea Moscatelli, Elio Castagnola
Summary: Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant pathogen that can lead to severe complications and may be transmitted from mother to infant. In high colonization environments, antifungal prophylaxis for premature infants should be considered.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Carolina Saffioti, Alessio Mesini, Roberta Caorsi, Mariasavina Severino, Marco Gattorno, Elio Castagnola
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maddalena Peghin, Nadia Castaldo, Carlo Tascini, Matteo Bassetti, Elena Graziano, Filippo Givone, Chiara Savignano, Maria Cristina De Colle, Tiziana Bove, Corrado Pipan, Monica Loy, Sabrina Basso, Paola Cinque, Simonetta Gerevini, Cristina Berastegui, Hans H. Hirsch, Paolo A. Grossi, Patrizia Comoli
JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Francesca Bagnasco, Giorgio Piaggio, Alessio Mesini, Marcello Mariani, Chiara Russo, Carolina Saffioti, Giuseppe Losurdo, Candida Palmero, Elio Castagnola
Summary: Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in children with urinary tract infections. This study reported the rates of drug-specific resistant pathogens and proposed a prediction model for guiding antibiotic treatment decisions. Factors such as age, sex, department of admission, and previous number of bacterial pathogens isolated were found to predict antibiotic resistance.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Maddalena Peghin, Paolo Antonio Grossi
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on organ donation and transplantation globally. Based on current experience, transplantation of non-lung organs from deceased donors with active SARS-CoV-2 infection has been considered possible and safe. With the evolving outbreak and the availability of vaccines and treatments, organs from deceased donors with active SARS-CoV-2 infection may be considered for transplantation in recipients with limited opportunities and specific immunity. Expert opinions are provided in the absence of definitive data and standardized acceptance patterns.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Alvisa Palese, Stefania Chiappinotto, Maddalena Peghin, Meri Marin, David Turello, Denis Caporale, Carlo Tascini
Summary: The study aims to identify interventions implemented in Italian nursing homes during the different waves of COVID-19. Through interviews, it was found that interventions were implemented at the environmental, nurse staff, and resident levels, but there were variations in the implementation across different nursing homes.
RISK MANAGEMENT AND HEALTHCARE POLICY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alvisa Palese, Erica Visintini, Valentina Bressan, Federico Fonda, Stefania Chiappinotto, Luca Grassetti, Maddalena Peghin, Carlo Tascini, Matteo Balestrieri, Marco Colizzi
Summary: This study aims to collect COVID-19 survivors' experiences through metaphors and explore the association between metaphor orientation and socio-demographic variables. The findings indicate that COVID-19 patients tend to use negative-oriented metaphors, which increase over time. The study emphasizes the need for personalized healthcare strategies to address the long-term traumatic consequences of COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Maddalena Peghin, Antonio Vena, Elena Graziano, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Carlo Tascini, Matteo Bassetti
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection presents a significant challenge to healthcare systems globally. Antibiotic and antifungal consumption has increased due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, leading to antimicrobial resistance. Nosocomial bacterial superinfections are more common than community-acquired coinfections, especially in ICU patients and those receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Fungal infections associated with COVID-19 may be missed or misdiagnosed. Effective antimicrobial stewardship programs are urgently needed to address the high rates of misdiagnosis and inappropriate antimicrobial prescription in COVID-19.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Matteo Bassetti, Maddalena Peghin
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2020)
