Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jesus K. Yamamoto-Furusho, Norma N. Parra-Holguin
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that requires chronic treatment. The anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy has impacted the clinical course of IBD in those patients who do not respond to conventional treatment, requiring the development of new therapies. These new therapies aim to provide personalized treatment options, reduce relapses, and are mainly based on modifying signaling pathways and maintaining the integrity of the epithelial barrier.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Christopher J. Black, Orla Craig, David J. Gracie, Alexander C. Ford
Summary: In a study conducted in the UK, researchers found that the Rome IV criteria performed better than the Rome III criteria in diagnosing IBS, with a sensitivity of 82.4% and specificity of 82.9%. The Rome IV criteria showed better performance in patients with constipation or mixed bowel habits.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
En-Hao Wu, Zhen Guo, Wei-Ming Zhu
Summary: Diarrhea is a common problem in postoperative patients with Crohn's disease, and understanding the mechanisms behind it can help in improving postoperative recovery.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gabriela Piovezani Ramos, Michael Camilleri
Summary: This article discusses the pharmacologic options for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea and functional diarrhea, as well as alternative therapeutic approaches and future perspectives. Currently approved therapeutic options include serotonin-3 receptor antagonists, eluxadoline, and rifaximin. Patients with bile acid diarrhea may benefit from drugs targeting bile acid synthesis and excretion. Novel therapeutic approaches, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and enterobacterial crapsules, are also being evaluated.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Giusi Desire Sciume, Ginevra Berti, Christian Lambiase, Italia Paglianiti, Vincenzo Villanacci, Francesco Rettura, Antonio Grosso, Angelo Ricchiuti, Nicola de Bortoli, Paolo Usai Satta, Gabrio Bassotti, Massimo Bellini
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) and functional diarrhea (FD) are disorders of gut-brain interaction that have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) and microscopic colitis (MC) are often responsible for the lack of response to conventional treatments in these patients. Therefore, considering these factors and finding appropriate treatments should be part of the diagnostic process.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vishal Khatri, Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram
Summary: This review focuses on the association between IBD and gut inflammasome, as well as recent advances in research and therapeutic strategies for IBD, discussing inflammasomes and their components, outcomes from experimental animals and human studies, inflammasome inhibitors, and developments in inflammasome-targeted therapies for IBD.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Federica Di Vincenzo, Pierluigi Puca, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Valentina Petito, Letizia Masi, Bianca Bartocci, Marco Murgiano, Margherita De Felice, Lorenzo Petronio, Antonio Gasbarrini, Franco Scaldaferri
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and microscopic colitis are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. This review explores the role of bile acids in the modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal mucosa inflammation. Recent studies have shown defects in bile acid metabolism in IBD patients. The review also discusses the diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies for both IBD and bile acid-induced diarrhea (BAD).
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Giovanni Marasco, Cesare Cremon, Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Francesca Falangone, Davide Montanari, Federica Capuani, Giada Mastel, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Giovanni Barbara
Summary: Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a common cause of chronic diarrhea, but its prevalence is not well studied. Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) occurs due to dysregulation of the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids. The gold standard for diagnosing and assessing the severity of BAD is currently the selenium homotaurocholic acid test, but other serum markers are being validated for clinical use. The first-line treatment for BAD is bile acid sequestrants, but further diagnostics are needed for patients who do not respond to this treatment. Early and accurate diagnosis of BAD can improve patients' quality of life and reduce the burden on healthcare systems. More research is needed to explore alternative therapeutic approaches for BAD, such as gut microbiota modulating therapies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Srishti Saha, Neha Patel
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder caused by enteric inflammation in a genetically susceptible host. Diet is widely accepted as an important factor in the pathogenesis of IBD, and various dietary components have been studied for their roles in causing enteric inflammation. Different diets, such as exclusive enteral nutrition, specific carbohydrate diet, and low FODMAPs diet, have also been explored for their effects on IBD patients. This review summarizes the current evidence on the relationship between dietary components and IBD, and provides guidance for dietary modifications in managing IBD.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tianxu Liu, Muyuan Ma, Kelei Li, Wei Tan, Han Yu, Ling Wang
Summary: This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relationship between bile acid malabsorption (BAM) and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) by comparing biomarkers in IBS-D patients and healthy individuals. The study found that the rate of BAM in IBS-D patients was 32% according to SeHCAT. Furthermore, the levels of C4 were significantly higher, while the levels of FGF19 were significantly lower, and the levels of 48FBA were significantly higher in IBS-D patients compared to the control group. These findings provide a more accurate method for diagnosing BAM in IBS-D patients and potentially improving treatment options.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert H. Hollis, Nicholas Smith, Ipek Sapci, Benjamin Click, Miguel Regueiro, Tracy L. Hull, Amy L. Lightner
Summary: This retrospective cohort study found that over one third of patients who underwent total proctocolectomy for Crohn's disease were estimated to have small bowel Crohn's recurrence at 5 years after surgery. Patients with a history of small bowel surgery for Crohn's and diagnosis at any early age may have a higher risk of recurrence.
DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xiong-Quan Long, Ming-Zhu Liu, Zi-Hao Liu, Lv-Zhou Xia, Shi-Peng Lu, Xiao-Ping Xu, Ming-Hao Wu
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease refers to chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a complex interplay between genetics and intestinal dysbiosis. Recent data suggests that bile acids and their receptors play a crucial role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease, impacting intestinal flora, epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immunology. These potential molecules offer new therapeutic applications for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, the paper explores bile acid metabolism and the interaction between bile acids and the gut microbiota.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ines Silva, Joao Solas, Rui Pinto, Vanessa Mateus
Summary: This study successfully developed and validated a chronic TNBS-induced colitis mouse model. After week 4, clinical and inflammation signs remained stable, suggesting the model develops within 4 weeks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
S. Coughlan, A. Das, E. O'Herlihy, F. Shanahan, P. W. O'Toole, I. B. Jeffery
Summary: The study conducted metagenomic sequencing of fecal Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) from 55 patients with IBS and 51 control individuals. It found significantly lower alpha diversity of viral clusters in IBS, identified core viromes in both IBS and control groups, and noted no significant covariation between the virome and the bacteriome, IBS clinical subtype, or Bile Acid Malabsorption status.
Review
Immunology
Mukta Gupta, Vijay Mishra, Monica Gulati, Bhupinder Kapoor, Amrinder Kaur, Reena Gupta, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Summary: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unknown cause. Conventional treatments for UC have limitations and side effects. Natural remedies, with comparatively fewer side effects, have been used for centuries. This review explores the role of herbal drugs, such as gymnemic acid, shagoal, catechin, curcumin, arctigenin, and boswellic acid, in the treatment of UC. Further research is needed to establish the clinical usefulness and molecular mechanisms of these natural products.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
