Review
Cell Biology
Zhidong He, Yanan Zhao, Jing Sun
Summary: Mfsd2a plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and transporting docosahexaenoic acid. It inhibits caveolae-mediated endocytosis in brain endothelial cells. Knockout of the Mfsd2a gene increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, reduces docosahexaenoic acid content, and is associated with neuron loss, resulting in microcephaly and cognitive impairment. It is considered a potential therapeutic target for drug delivery to the central nervous system.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jae-Min Lee, Joo Hee Lee, Youn-Jung Kim
Summary: This study found that Lin28a expression levels increased in animal models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and modulating Lin28a can alleviate cognitive impairment caused by vascular dementia (VaD). Further experiments showed that Lin28a siRNA treatment can improve VaD-induced brain damage, including microglial activation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment.
Article
Neurosciences
Jiaxin Zheng, Hong Zhu, Zhenyu Zhao, Miaoyu Du, Zhitian Wang, Liuyi Lan, Junjian Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the role of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in cognitive impairment related to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). The researchers overexpressed VAChT in the medial septum and ventral limb of the diagonal band of broca (MS/VDB) in rats and found that it improved cognitive function, increased acetylcholine levels, and enhanced hippocampal theta oscillations and synchrony. These findings suggest that VAChT could be a promising therapeutic target for treating CCH-related cognitive impairments.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhitian Wang, Tian Li, Miaoyu Du, Lei Zhang, Linling Xu, Hao Song, Junjian Zhang
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism by which beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) improves cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). The results showed that BHB intervention effectively restored hippocampal blood flow and improved spatial learning and memory in CCH rats. Furthermore, BHB protected the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reduced neuroinflammation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for VCI.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yang Ma, Shiling Chen, Yuanwei Li, Jiahui Wang, Jingfei Yang, Jie Jing, Xia Liu, Yunjie Li, Jingyi Wang, Ping Zhang, Zhouping Tang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on rats with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). The results showed that high-dose NBP improved cognitive function, reduced BBB disruption, and protected tight junction proteins in the early course of the disease. No significant changes in pericyte coverage were observed after mBCCAO.
NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Weiwei Yu, Yao Li, Jun Hu, Jun Wu, Yining Huang
Summary: This comprehensive review emphasizes the important contribution of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and illustrates the mechanisms involved in CCH-induced VCID pathological changes. These mechanisms include A beta accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, trophic uncoupling, and white matter lesions (WMLs). There are close interactions among these mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manuel F. Varela, Jerusha Stephen, Deeksha Bharti, Manjusha Lekshmi, Sanath Kumar
Summary: Bacterial pathogens resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents through active efflux pose a serious threat to public health. This review discusses recent molecular studies focused on modulating the antimicrobial efflux transporters to restore the clinical efficacy of infectious disease chemotherapy.
Article
Cell Biology
Li-Jie Yang, Wei Wu, Wan-Rong Jiang, Cheng-Liang Zhu, Zhao -Hui Yao
Summary: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-mediated cognitive impairment is a global problem. In this study, we found that RasGRF1 expression levels decreased after CCH, while the inhibition of miRNA-323-3p upregulated RasGRF1 expression and improved cognitive impairments such as spatial learning and memory.
Article
Cell Biology
Zhao-Hui Yao, Jing Wang, Jing-Ping Yuan, Kai Xiao, Shao-Feng Zhang, Yan-Chun Xie, Jun-Hua Mei
Summary: EGB761 treatment may improve cognitive function impairment induced by CCH by affecting synaptic plasticity, synaptic degeneration, and axon demyelination.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bin Liu, Guifeng Zhao, Ling Jin, Jingping Shi
Summary: The study showed that Nicotinamide (NAM) can improve cognitive function in mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) and reduce white matter damage and remodeling. Results from various cognitive and behavioral tests demonstrated that mice in the NAM group performed better than those in the CCH group.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
WenQing Xu, Qingke Bai, Qiang Dong, Min Guo, Mei Cui
Summary: This review summarizes the latest experimental and clinical evidence implicating blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction as a major cause of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). The researchers discuss the mechanisms of BBB dysfunction in CCH and propose the potential clinical benefits of therapeutic interventions targeting BBB.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Jerusha Stephen, Fathima Salam, Manjusha Lekshmi, Sanath H. Kumar, Manuel F. Varela
Summary: This review article discusses the S. aureus-specific MFS multidrug efflux pump systems from a molecular mechanistic perspective, including structure-function relationships, modulation of antimicrobial resistance mediated by MFS drug efflux pumps, and direction for future investigation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yixi He, Zhenghao Li, Xiaoyu Shi, Jing Ding, Xin Wang
Summary: Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a cognitive dysfunction associated with cerebrovascular diseases that lacks effective treatments. In a mouse model of VCID, metformin, a drug used for type 2 diabetes, alleviates white matter damage and improves cognitive impairment. Mechanistically, metformin restores the dysfunctions of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) under hypoxia by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway and degrading hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) in OPCs. These findings suggest that metformin may have a promising therapeutic role in alleviating cognitive abnormalities of VCID.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie Sauve, Joseph Williamson, Adithya Polasa, Mahmoud Moradi
Summary: The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transporters consists of three classes of membrane transporters: symporters, uniporters, and antiporters. The conformational changes within the distinct transport cycles of MFS transporters are believed to follow the rocker-switch mechanism. This review compares the similarities and differences in conformational dynamics between symporters, uniporters, and antiporters of the MFS family using experimental and computational structural data.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuan Zhang, Lin Wang, Qiuling Pan, Xiaomin Yang, Yunchuan Cao, Jin Yan, Yingwen Wang, Yihao Tao, Runjin Fan, Xiaochuan Sun, Lin Li
Summary: CYM-5442 protects the integrity of the BBB in TBI mice by reducing vesicle transcytosis of cerebrovascular endothelial cells, alleviating neurological deficits and cerebral edema in the acute stage of TBI.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2022)