Numerical Investigation on the Optimum Thermal Design of the Shape and Geometric Parameters of Microchannel Heat Exchangers with Cavities

Due to the large surface-area-to-volume ratio, microchannel heat exchangers have a higher heat transfer rate compared with traditional scale heat exchangers. In this study, the optimum microchannel cavity with high heat transfer and low flow resistance is designed to further improve microchannel exchangers' thermal performance. A three-dimensional laminar flow model, consisting of Navier-Stokes equations and an energy conservation equation is solved and the conjugate heat transfer between the silicon basement and deionized water is taken into consideration. The impact of the shape, aspect ratio, size and spacing of the cavity on the thermal performance of microchannel exchangers are numerically investigated, respectively. The results indicated that the cavity on the sidewall can enhance heat transfer and reduce flow resistance simultaneously, and cavities with a relatively small expansion angle and streamlined edge could enhance thermal performance the most. Based on the conclusions, a new cavity shape is proposed, and the simulation results verify its excellent thermal performance as expected. Furthermore, investigation is performed to figure out the optimum design of the new cavity and the optimal geometric parameters of the cavity under different flow conditions have been obtained in principle for microchannel exchangers' design.