Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Liang Ma, Ofir Levy, Lauren B. Buckley, Chao Hou, Wei-guo Du
Summary: Squamate reptiles exhibit two reproductive modes: oviparity and viviparity. Existing large-scale studies suggest that viviparous species are more vulnerable to climate warming based on viviparous species occupying relatively colder environments, which are predicted to decline in availability under climate warming. However, oviparous and viviparous squamates are geographically widespread and their distributions often overlap. This study used Sceloporus lizards in North America as a model system and found that under climate warming, oviparous females are predicted to increase reproductive frequency more than viviparous females, which may lead to decreased maternal energy balance. Interestingly, the developmental success and offspring energy balance of oviparous species are predicted to decline at some sites under climate warming, while this is not predicted to happen for viviparous species. These findings highlight the variability in response to climate warming between oviparous and viviparous species, with oviparous species in hot areas with high temperature variation being especially vulnerable.
Article
Fisheries
Pengxin Jiang, Jinjie Guo, Aqin Chen, Weiqun Lu
Summary: The study revealed significant differences in ovarian development and hormone levels between proactive and reactive flounders during the breeding season, with proactive individuals maturing earlier and having lower HPI axis activity.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Selena A. A. Baca, Paula J. J. Fite, Chi-Ning Chang
Summary: This study examines the relationship between perceived containment, coping responses, and aggression in elementary-aged children. The findings suggest that lower levels of perceived containment and passive coping are associated with higher levels of reactive and proactive aggression. These results could inform prevention and intervention research.
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Nursing
Kim Usher, Joanne Durkin, Lesley Douglas, Yumiko Coffey, Navjot Bhullar
Summary: The aim of this study was to explore the coping styles, posttraumatic stress, and mental health symptoms of community members affected by the 2019-20 Australian bushfires. The results showed that participants experienced moderate symptoms of depression and stress, and severe levels of anxiety. They reported using both approach and avoidance coping strategies, as well as experiencing symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Some individuals may have long-term mental health consequences from the bushfires. Consequently, it is crucial for mental health services to be readily available in the affected areas, and mental health nurses play an important role in supporting those affected by disasters.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Caroline L. Boxmeyer, Catanya G. Stager, Shari Miller, John E. Lochman, Devon E. Romero, Nicole P. Powell, Chuong Bui, Lixin Qu
Summary: Mindful Coping Power (MCP), which combines Coping Power (CP) preventive intervention with mindfulness training, aims to enhance children's reactive aggression. Previous studies have shown that MCP can significantly improve children's anger modulation, self-regulation, and embodied awareness. The current study found that MCP can also improve children's social skills and show a trend of reducing reactive aggression in a one-year follow-up.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Samin Gokcekus, Josh A. Firth, Charlotte Regan, Ella F. Cole, Ben C. Sheldon, Gregory F. Albery
Summary: The social interactions an individual experiences are important for reproductive success. Familiar neighbors can reduce the need for defense and increase cooperation. This study on great tits found that familiarity with neighbors positively affected female reproductive success, while familiarity with breeding partners benefited both sexes. These findings suggest that social familiarity has direct fitness benefits, driving the maintenance of long-term bonds and evolution of stable social systems.
AMERICAN NATURALIST
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Travis J. Meyers, Chantal Fahmy, Kevin A. Wright
Summary: This study investigates how changes in coping strategies during the first year of incarceration affect mental health symptoms at 6- and 12-months post placement. The results suggest that changes in dysfunctional coping are associated with increased levels of adverse mental health symptoms, while changes in emotion- and problem-focused coping have no association with mental health symptomology.
JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jacqueline Peters, Benjamin W. Bellet, Payton J. Jones, Gwyneth W. Y. Wu, Li Wang, Richard J. McNally
Summary: The study investigated the structure of PTSD symptoms, elements of growth, and coping styles in bereaved survivors of a major earthquake in China. Hypervigilance and difficulty concentrating were identified as the most central symptoms in the PTSD network, while elements like establishing a new path in life and feeling closer to others ranked highest on centrality in the posttraumatic growth network. The connections between PTSD symptoms and elements of growth were low in magnitude in the sample studied.
JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Heather R. Lucke, Caitlyn N. Carey, Elizabeth L. Griffith, Eugene W. Mathes, David J. Lane, Adriel Boals
Summary: This study examined the association between college students' levels of self-control, coping styles, and alcohol use and problems. The results showed that students with lower self-control who engage in avoidance-focused coping may experience greater alcohol problems. Therefore, university programs should develop workshops that promote problem- or emotion-focused coping strategies as alternatives to avoidance-focused strategies.
JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Hong-Juan Hao, Zhao-Hua Wang, Li Feng, Xiao-Li Zhao, Xiao Chen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the natural pregnancy outcomes of patients with hydrosalpinx after reproductive surgery and those with different grades of hydrosalpinx. It was found that patients with mild to moderate hydrosalpinx can benefit from reproductive surgery to improve natural pregnancy outcomes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Angela Q. Leung, Avery Davis Bell, Curtis J. Mello, Alan S. Penzias, Steven A. McCarroll, Denny Sakkas
Summary: The pilot study aimed to validate a novel technology for single-sperm-cell genome sequencing in infertile men and compare the results to fertile donors. The results showed that the infertile male patients in this study did not have higher rates of aneuploidy or abnormal crossover patterns compared to a fertile donor population. This suggests that FF and PB phenotypes may not be related to sperm aneuploidy or meiotic errors but rather to other intrinsic nuclear anomalies.
JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Areesha Salman, Emily Morris, Angela Inglis, Jehannine Austin
Summary: Both empirical data and genetic counselors' clinical experience suggest that patients differ in the extent to which they benefit from genetic counseling. This study aimed to explore the relationships between patient personality dimensions, coping styles, and outcomes of genetic counseling. The preliminary findings suggest that genetic counseling can increase patients' empowerment regardless of their personality dimensions and coping styles.
JOURNAL OF GENETIC COUNSELING
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
William D. Lassek, Steven J. C. Gaulin
Summary: Research suggests that primiparous women in the nubile age group tend to have better reproductive outcomes, with a lower risk of potentially life-threatening complications during childbirth, leading to a higher chance of delivering a healthy baby. This may be because they have evolved to better contend with the hazards of a first pregnancy compared to older women.
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Tobias L. Kordsmeyer
Summary: Evolutionary theory suggests that human cognition and behavior are based on adaptations selected for their contribution to reproduction, potentially resulting in differential reproductive success and inclusive fitness. However, the effects of most studied traits on mating and reproductive success are not robust, indicating a need for more precise definitions and testing of concepts.
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Ivana Zec, Marina Sprem Goldstajn, Krunoslav Kuna, Mislav Mikus, Guglielmo Stabile, Bianca Bianco, Giovanni Buzzaccarini, Antonio Simone Lagana
Summary: This review outlines the major alterations of redox homeostasis in the follicular fluid and discusses its potential effect on IVF outcome. The study found that women undergoing IVF treatment experience enhanced oxidizing modification and antioxidative consumption in their follicular fluid.
MENOPAUSE REVIEW-PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
France Damseaux, Ursula Siebert, Patrick Pomeroy, Gilles Lepoint, Krishna Das
Summary: The study focused on ecological niche segregation between grey seals and harbour seals in the North Sea, revealing spatial and resource partitioning, more selective diet of grey seals, and potential sharing of food resources along the German coasts. The multi-tracer approach provided a robust discrimination among diet resources and spatial foraging distributions of the seals.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
David G. Watson, Patrick P. Pomeroy, Malcolm W. Kennedy
Summary: Mothers of the Atlantic grey seal lactate for about 20 days, leaving their pups unattended and unfed for up to another 40 days after weaning. Metabolomic analysis of the seals' milk reveals continuous changes in key metabolites from birth to weaning, indicating a transition from carbohydrate to fat-based energy metabolism in pups and establishment of gut microbiomes for post-weaning development and fasting.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Kagari Aoki, Saana Isojunno, Charlotte Bellot, Takashi Iwata, Joanna Kershaw, Yu Akiyama, Lucia M. Martin Lopez, Christian Ramp, Martin Biuw, Rene Swift, Paul J. Wensveen, Patrick Pomeroy, Tomoko Narazaki, Ailsa Hall, Katsufumi Sato, Patrick J. O. Miller
Summary: This study cross-validated two independent methods, animal-borne tags and aerial photogrammetry, to estimate the body condition of humpback whales in Canada and Norway, showing lower tissue body density in pregnant females and higher in lactating females. Whales in Norway exhibited more negative buoyancy during the early feeding season compared to Canada, possibly due to longer migration distances. Despite a decrease in tissue body density over the feeding season, whales remained negatively buoyant in the late feeding season.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Hannah Worthington, Ruth King, Rachel McCrea, Sophie Smout, Patrick Pomeroy
Summary: Long-term capture-recapture studies provide insight into the population dynamics of long-lived species by examining individual maturation, recruitment into breeding population, and changes over time. The study on female gray seals shows variability in maturation rates and recruitment ages, highlighting the importance of understanding these processes for effective population management strategies. Age-structured capture-recapture models can explicitly relate recruitment and demographic parameters to age and time, providing a more realistic recruitment profile for population models.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sean D. Twiss, Naomi Brannan, Courtney R. Shuert, Amanda M. Bishop, Patrick. P. Pomeroy, Simon Moss
Summary: Measures of heart rate variability have been used to study temperament and reactivity to stress in wild animals. A new heart rate monitor allows for precise measurement of inter beat intervals in gray seals, with results showing high correspondence with traditional ECG recordings. Artifact correction and individual activity were found to be major sources of anomalous data, leading to the establishment of stringent filtering procedures to ensure accurate estimates of resting HRV.
Article
Ecology
Suzanne McGill, Richard J. S. Burchmore, Patrick P. Pomeroy, Malcolm W. Kennedy
Summary: A study found that neonates of true, phocid seals have significantly lower levels of serum immunoglobulins and acute phase proteins compared to their mothers. This difference in early life immune protection raises questions about the mechanisms that protect these neonates and the adaptive value of their seeming vulnerability.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Cormac G. Booth, Naomi Brannan, Rebecca Dunlop, Ari Friedlander, Saana Isojunno, Patrick Miller, Nicola Quick, Brandon Southall, Enrico Pirotta
Summary: The assessment of behavioural disturbance in cetacean species is crucial for effective conservation and management. Behavioural response studies provide insights into the effects of noise exposure, but limited sample size and biases in sampling and receptor factors can affect the robustness and representativeness of the studies.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Taylor R. Smith, Amanda Bishop, Jared Guthridge, Richard Hocking, Markus Horning, Christopher G. Lowe
Summary: This study provides initial measurements of the metabolic rate of three juvenile Pacific sleeper sharks, showing that their metabolic rates are similar to other shark species and not unusually low. The research fills gaps in respirometry research for large, Arctic elasmobranchs.
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Courtney R. Shuert, Marianne Marcoux, Nigel E. Hussey, Mads Peter Heide-Jorgensen, Rune Dietz, Marie Auger-Methe
Summary: This study provides evidence of significant delays in the timing of narwhal autumn migrations and suggests that narwhals are adopting strategic migration tactics in response to climate change. Male narwhals lead the migration out of the summering areas, while females with dependent young depart later. The time spent in summer areas is increasing at a similar rate to climate-driven sea ice loss.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Suzanne McGill, Richard J. S. Burchmore, Patrick P. Pomeroy, Malcolm W. Kennedy
Summary: Phocid seals have short lactations relative to body mass, with an unrivaled rate and extent of transfer of adipose stores from mother to offspring. Proteomic analysis of sera from Atlantic grey seals shows a mirror image flux of lipids between mothers and pups, reflected in an inverse relationship in the specialized proteins in their blood for fat transportation.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Amanda M. Bishop, Casey L. Brown, Katherine S. Christie, Arthur B. Kettle, Gregory D. Larsen, Heather M. Renner, Lillie Younkins
Summary: This study examined the impact of UAS surveys on sub-Arctic seabird populations and assessed the behavioral responses of the birds to UAS operations. The results showed that UAS can provide accurate estimates of seabird counts, especially in areas with cliffs or complex topography. Common murres and cormorants did not show significant behavioral responses to the UAS, but black-legged kittiwakes were disturbed and flushed during UAS flights. This research provides valuable insights for the use of UAS near cliff-nesting seabird colonies.
Article
Cell Biology
Holly C. Armstrong, Debbie J. F. Russell, Simon E. W. Moss, Paddy Pomeroy, Kimberley A. Bennett
Summary: Life-history-oxidative stress theory predicts that elevated energy costs during reproduction reduce allocation to defences and increase cellular stress, with fitness consequences, particularly when resources are limited. Grey seals, as capital breeders, were used as a natural system to test this theory. The study found that foraging females experienced lower oxidative stress and higher cellular defences compared to lactating mothers, suggesting that resources were diverted to pup rearing rather than blubber tissue damage. The cellular stress and defences during lactation affected pup weaning mass and survival probability. These results support the life-history-oxidative stress hypothesis and highlight the vulnerability of mothers during lactation to environmental factors.
CELL STRESS & CHAPERONES
(2023)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Angela Gastaldi, Amanda Bishop, Lorrie D. Rea
MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Courtney R. Shuert, Marianne Marcoux, Nigel E. Hussey, Cortney A. Watt, Marie Auger-Methe
Summary: Animal-borne telemetry devices are widely used to study the behavior of cetaceans, but the effects of capture, handling, and tagging procedures on narwhals have not been thoroughly assessed. Most narwhals were found to recover within 24 hours after release, with longer handling times having a significant impact on swimming behavior and activity levels immediately post-release. Relationships were also observed between activity levels, energy expenditure, and swimming behavior and covariates such as sex and the attachment of satellite tags.
CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)