Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel Kramer, Robert Hilton, Jesse Roman
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic can lead to pulmonary fibrosis, a condition characterized by fibroproliferation and the deposition of collagen in the lungs. The virus binds to ACE receptors on epithelial cells, triggering inflammation and fibrosis. This can result in respiratory failure and long-term symptoms like shortness of breath.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chiara Giacomelli, Rebecca Piccarducci, Laura Marchetti, Chiara Romei, Claudia Martini
Summary: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by chronic inflammation and collagen deposition in the interalveolar space and is a hallmark of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Infectious agents have emerged as driving causes for PF development, with SARS-CoV-2 virus being associated with ARDS and PF development. Understanding PF etiology is necessary for developing effective therapeutic strategies, and COVID-19 pathology presents an opportunity for this.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Filippo Patrucco, Paolo Solidoro, Francesco Gavelli, Daria Apostolo, Mattia Bellan
Summary: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrosing disease where immune cells play a complex role in orchestrating the fibrosing response. Post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) is an emerging clinical entity that shares many similarities with IPF, including pathophysiological processes and response to treatments. SARS-CoV-2 infection can also cause acute exacerbation of IPF and negatively impact prognosis.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Shiva Rattan Ambardar, Stephanie L. Hightower, Nikhil A. Huprikar, Kevin K. Chung, Anju Singhal, Jacob F. Collen
Summary: This paper explores the long-term respiratory complications of severe COVID-19 infection, highlighting potential risks and discussing strategies for prevention.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan C. Kamp, Lavinia Neubert, Maximilian Ackermann, Helge Stark, Christopher Werlein, Jan Fuge, Axel Haverich, Alexandar Tzankov, Konrad Steinestel, Johannes Friemann, Peter Boor, Klaus Junker, Marius M. Hoeper, Tobias Welte, Florian Laenger, Mark P. Kuehnel, Danny D. Jonigk
Summary: There is an increased prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 survivors, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. This multicentric study found that there is a shift from pro-inflammatory to fibrogenic activity after the first week of hospitalization in severe COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David Clofent, Eva Polverino, Almudena Felipe, Galo Granados, Marta Arjona-Peris, Jordi Andreu, Ana L. Sanchez-Martinez, Diego Varona, Laura Cabanzo, Jose M. Escudero, Antonio Alvarez, Karina Loor, Xavier Munoz, Mario Culebras
Summary: The study found that lung ultrasound (LUS) can be used as a first-line test for evaluating post-COVID-19 lung sequelae. It has the ability to discriminate specific lung lesions and can avoid the need for additional diagnostic tests.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Janet Johnston, Delia Dorrian, Dermot Linden, Stefan Cristian Stanel, Pilar Rivera-Ortega, Nazia Chaudhuri
Summary: This review discusses the emerging concern of interstitial lung disease (ILD) as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The prevailing radiological pattern observed is organizing pneumonia, with ground-glass opacities and reticulation frequently reported. Longitudinal studies reveal a complex trajectory, with some patients showing improvement in lung function and radiographic abnormalities over time while others display more static fibrotic changes. Age, disease severity, and male sex are emerging as risk factors for residual lung abnormalities. Further research and understanding of the relationship between post-COVID ILD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) genetics are crucial for guiding clinical decisions and improving outcomes for patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roxana-Elena Cirjaliu, Mariana Deacu, Ioana Gherghisan, Angela Stefania Marghescu, Manuela Enciu, Gabriela Izabela Baltatescu, Antonela Anca Nicolau, Doina-Ecaterina Tofolean, Oana Cristina Arghir, Ariadna-Petronela Fildan
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the risk factors, clinical, radiologic, and histological features of both post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It highlights the similarities and differences between these two diseases by gathering relevant articles published in English up until October 2022 using multiple databases. This review aims to assist clinicians, pathologists, and researchers in making accurate diagnoses and selecting patients for anti-fibrotic therapies and future therapeutic perspectives.
Article
Immunology
Silvana Valdebenito, Simon Bessis, Djillali Annane, Geoffroy Lorin de la Grandmaison, Elisabeth Cramer-Borde, Brendan Prideaux, Eliseo A. Eugenin, Morgane Bomsel
Summary: SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage in COVID-19 patients is highly heterogeneous, manifesting as hemorrhage, immune infiltration, or a combination of both, leading to loss of alveolar wall integrity, lung tissue detachment, and fibrosis. Pathological analysis revealed a strong immune response in COVID-19 cases, with significant B cell infiltration and poor T cell infiltration, indicating a compromised immune cellular response in these patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mihai Lazar, Ecaterina Constanta Barbu, Cristina Emilia Chitu, Catalin Tiliscan, Laurentiu Stratan, Sorin Stefan Arama, Victoria Arama, Daniela Adriana Ion
Summary: This study aims to evaluate pulmonary fibrosis post-COVID-19 through quantitative analysis and identify the risk factors and predictors for pulmonary fibrosis. The main risk factors identified in the study are increased ESR, CRP, LDH, duration of hospitalization, and severity of pneumonia.
Review
Immunology
Alison E. John, Chitra Joseph, Gisli Jenkins, Amanda L. Tatler
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic started in late 2019 in Wuhan City, China and has since spread worldwide. The disease, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, primarily affects the respiratory system but can also impact other bodily systems. Patients may develop features of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, raising questions about the long-term effects and progression of the disease.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caroline Busatta Vaz de Paula, Seigo Nagashima, Vanessa Liberalesso, Mariana Collete, Felipe Paes Gomes da Silva, Alessandro Goncalves Gomes Oricil, Giovanna Silva Barbosa, Guilherme Vieira Cavalcante da Silva, David Batista Wiedmer, Felipe da Silva Deziderio, Lucia Noronha
Summary: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) followed by lung remodeling is observed in COVID-19, which can lead to pulmonary fibrosis. Therapy with TGF-beta inhibitors may mitigate the development of pulmonary fibrosis and its consequences for post-COVID-19 life quality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mirjam Kiener, Nuria Roldan, Carlos Machahua, Arunima Sengupta, Thomas Geiser, Olivier Thierry Guenat, Manuela Funke-Chambour, Nina Hobi, Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to concerns about disease recovery and long-term pulmonary damage, with infection potentially leading to diffuse alveolar damage and fibrotic remodeling progressing towards pulmonary fibrosis. The precise causes and mechanisms of lung fibrosis remain poorly understood, but advancements in lung models have allowed for a deeper investigation into SARS-CoV-2 infection and alveolar tissue regeneration.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elisabetta Cocconcelli, Nicol Bernardinello, Chiara Giraudo, Gioele Castelli, Adelaide Giorgino, Davide Leoni, Simone Petrarulo, Anna Ferrari, Marina Saetta, Annamaria Cattelan, Paolo Spagnolo, Elisabetta Balestro
Summary: Only twenty percent of patients showed persistent lung abnormalities at 6 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 pneumonia in this study. These patients are predominantly older men with longer hospital stay. The presence of reticulations and consolidation on HRCT at hospital admission predicts the persistence of radiological abnormalities during follow-up.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Peng Pi, Zhipeng Zeng, Liqing Zeng, Bing Han, Xizhe Bai, Shousheng Xu
Summary: COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a major crisis caused by the virus, and there are still many questions about its pathogenesis and treatment. Recent studies suggest that the effect of COVID-19 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition may be a key factor driving pulmonary fibrosis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
