Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Liu, Bohan Li, Xiujing Zheng, Decai Xiong, Xinshan Ye
Summary: KH-1 is a valuable target for antitumor vaccines, but most TACAs tend to induce immunological tolerance. To overcome this, fluorinated derivatives of KH-1 were designed and conjugated to CRM197 to form glycoconjugates. These modified KH-1 conjugates were found to induce higher titers of antibodies, particularly IgG, which can recognize and eliminate KH-1-positive cancer cells through CDC. The trifluoro-modified KH-1-TF-CRM197 shows great potential as an anticancer vaccine candidate.
Article
Oncology
Francois Anna, Elodie Bole-Richard, Joel LeMaoult, Marie Escande, Martin Lecomte, Jean-Made Certoux, Philippe Souque, Francine Garnache, Olivier Adotevi, Pierre Langlade-Demoyen, Maria Loustau, Julien Caumartin
Summary: CAR-T cell immunotherapy is a breakthrough in treating hematological malignancies, but the lack of tumor-specific antigens and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments remain major hurdles. A new study shows that HLA-G, acting as both an immune checkpoint and a tumor-specific antigen, could be a promising target for CAR-T cell therapy.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
S. Feola, S. Russo, E. Ylosmaki, V Cerullo
Summary: Cancer Immunotherapy relies on harnessing the patient's immune system to eradicate cancer using oncolytic viruses (OVs) that selectively kill cancer cells and induce anti-tumor immunity. OVs can also be engineered to enhance the immune response and can be used in combination with other cancer immunotherapies. This review defines the mechanisms of action of OVs, discusses their ability to induce and improve anti-cancer immunity, and analyzes their combination with other cancer immunotherapies.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Shuai Ma, Yixu Ba, Hang Ji, Fang Wang, Jianyang Du, Shaoshan Hu
Summary: This study identified TP53, IDH1, C3, and TCF12 as effective antigens for the development of anti-glioma mRNA vaccines. Additionally, four immune subtypes of glioma were consistently found in the TCGA data, each displaying diverse molecular, cellular, and clinical features.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Joseph J. Barchi
Summary: For many years, cell-surface glycans have been an important target for anticancer immunotherapy. Recent advances in immunotherapy have led to significant outcomes in some patients. However, there is a need for improved therapeutics and delivery techniques. Glycan-based targets are gaining popularity and nanotechnology can enhance drug delivery.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Cong Liu, Dimitri Papukashvili, Yu Dong, Xingyun Wang, Xing Hu, Nuo Yang, Jie Cai, Fengfei Xie, Nino Rcheulishvili, Peng George Wang
Summary: This study identified potential antigens for effective mRNA vaccine design and built an immune landscape for accurate patient selection for mRNA vaccine therapy in CRC. The study also revealed significant cellular and molecular differences among different immune subtypes.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jung-Tung Hung, I-Ju Chen, Shir-Hwa Ueng, Chiun-Sheng Huang, Shin-Cheh Chen, Mu-Yi Chen, Yung-Chang Lin, Chun-Yen Lin, Michael J. Campbell, Hope S. Rugo, Alice L. Yu
Summary: An international phase II trial investigating the GH vaccine adagloxad simolenin/OBI-821 in patients with metastatic breast cancer found that patients who developed anti-GH IgG antibodies had longer progression-free survival. The study also examined the impacts of anti-GH IgM antibodies and GH expression on clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Katarina Madunic, Oleg A. Mayboroda, Tao Zhang, Julia Weber, Geert-Jan Boons, Hans Morreau, Ronald van Vlierberghe, Tom van Wezel, Guinevere S. M. Lageveen-Kammeijer, Manfred Wuhrer
Summary: Cells are covered with a dense layer of carbohydrates, some of which are solely present on neoplastic cells. The so-called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are increasingly recognized as promising targets for immunotherapy. These carbohydrates differ from those of the surrounding non-cancerous tissues and contribute to the malignant phenotype of the cancer cells by promoting proliferation, metastasis, and immunosuppression. However, due to tumor tissue heterogeneity and technological limitations, TACAs are insufficiently explored. In this study, a workflow was established to analyze the colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated O-linked glycans. Distinctive O-glycosylation features were found in cancerous, stromal, and normal colon mucosal regions. Over 100 O-linked glycans were detected in cancerous regions with absence in normal mucosa. A novel panel of highly specific TACAs, based upon differences in the glycomic profiles between CRC and healthy colon mucosa, were identified. These TACAs could be potential targets for innovative cancer immune target therapies and lay the foundation for the targeted treatment of CRC.
Article
Oncology
Zaki Molvi, Martin G. Klatt, Tao Dao, Jessica Urraca, David A. Scheinberg, Richard J. O'Reilly
Summary: This study identified phosphopeptides presented by different alleles on tumors, which could be targeted for cancer immunotherapy, but the immunogenicity of these phosphopeptides is not consistent. While phosphopeptides presented by HLA-A*02:01 and A*11:01 were consistently immunogenic, those presented by HLA-A*03:01 and C*07:01, although properly presented, were not. This indicates the need to consider allele-specific differences in phosphopeptide-targeted immunotherapies to address a broader patient population.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Qian-Ting Wang, Yi-Xuan Liu, Jie Wang, Hao Wang
Summary: Significant advances have been made in cancer immunotherapy, particularly with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cellular immunotherapy. However, the effectiveness of immunotherapy is limited due to tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor environments. Therapeutic anticancer vaccines in nanocarriers have become essential for inducing valid antitumor immune responses and regulating the immune microenvironment. Through unique designs, cancer nanovaccines activate both innate immunity and tumor-specific immunity simultaneously, which can be achieved by enhancing tumor antigen stability and targeting, combining effective adjuvants, cytokines, and immune microenvironment regulators, and promoting the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this review, the design and preparation of nanovaccines for remodeling tumor antigen immunogenicity and regulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment are discussed.
Review
Immunology
Yue Zhao, Alexey Baldin, Orkhan Isayev, Jens Werner, Andrey A. Zamyatnin, Alexandr Bazhin
Summary: Cancer vaccines utilize the host's immune system specificity to eliminate tumor cells, with antigen selection and application playing a critical role in efficacy. Tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens have different characteristics and applications in vaccine development.
Article
Oncology
Lars M. Howell, Neil S. Forbes
Summary: Engineered bacterial therapies represent a new class of cancer immunotherapy that targets the tumor immune landscape, stimulating the immune system, altering the immune dynamics of the tumor microenvironment, and offering unique strategies for tumor targeting.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Karlijn de Joode, Sharon Veenbergen, Claudia Kransse, Dian Kortleve, Reno Debets, Ron H. J. Mathijssen, Arjen Joosse, Marco W. J. Schreurs, Astrid A. M. van der Veldt
Summary: A study showed that the presence of tumor-associated antibodies correlated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in patients with metastatic melanoma. However, a new study failed to validate and extend these findings and did not identify other cancer germline antigens as predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Qi Wu, Bei Li, Juanjuan Li, Si Sun, Jingping Yuan, Shengrong Sun
Summary: CAAs play important roles in the tumor-adipose microenvironment, influencing treatment outcomes by interacting with the immune response and cancer.
BIOMARKER RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Xinyu Cheng, Huilan Wang, Zhongyu Wang, Bo Zhu, Haixia Long
Summary: Tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) are crucial immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment and have a significant impact on immune checkpoint blockade efficacy. Understanding the origin of TAMCs is essential for determining their functional diversity and developing cancer immunotherapy strategies. This review article provides an overview of recent research progress on evaluating the heterogeneity of TAMC origins. It also summarizes major therapeutic strategies targeting TAMCs with diverse sources, shedding light on their implications for cancer immunotherapies.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2023)