Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
David W. J. Griffin, Jennifer R. Hoy, James D. McMahon
Summary: The study by Haidara et al. shows that the immune responses to NmCV-5 vaccine are not inferior to those to MenACWY-D vaccine, indicating the potential for wider use of NmCV-5. The additional humoral immunity against serogroup X isolates of Neisseria meningitidis and the potential affordability of this pentavalent vaccine are important findings.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kimberly Davis, Marta Valente Pinto, Nick J. Andrews, David Goldblatt, Ray Borrow, Helen Findlow, Jo Southern, Jo Partington, Emma Plested, Sima Patel, Ann Holland, Mary Matheson, Anna England, Bassam Hallis, Elizabeth Miller, Matthew D. Snape
Summary: The study showed that the reduced-dose schedule of the multicomponent meningococcal vaccine 4CMenB in the UK has proven effective at preventing invasive group B meningococcal disease. Immunogenicity of the PCV13 and 4CMenB vaccines were assessed, with comparable results between the 2 + 1 and 1 + 1 schedules. Ongoing surveillance for vaccine breakthroughs is recommended due to potential suboptimal boost responses against certain meningococcal strains.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Heidi Smith-Vaughan, Beth Temple, Vo Thi Trang Dai, Pham Thi Hoan, Ho Nguyen Loc Thuy, Thanh V. Phan, Kathryn Bright, Nguyen Trong Toan, Doan Y. Uyen, Cattram Duong Nguyen, Jemima Beissbarth, Belinda Daniela Ortika, Monica Larissa Nation, Eileen Margaret Dunne, Jason Hinds, Jana Lai, Catherine Satzke, Tran Ngoc Huu, Kim Mulholland
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of different pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) schedules on carriage rates and found that the 3 + 1, 2 + 1, 3 + 0, and two-dose schedules were effective in reducing vaccine-type carriage. In Vietnam, there were no discernible differences in carriage rates between the 2 + 1 and 3 + 0 schedules during the first two years of life.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Junwen Tao, Mohammad Zahid Hossain, Zhiwei Xu, Hung Chak Ho, Md Alfazal Khan, Cunrui Huang, Hao Zheng, Jing Ni, Yinguan Fan, Daniel Bogale, Hong Su, Jian Cheng
Summary: This study investigates the impact of PCV10 intervention on childhood pneumonia hospitalizations in Bangladesh, and suggests a significant decrease in hospitalization rates after PCV10. The study also reveals the effects of heat and cold on childhood pneumonia, as well as the susceptibility differences among different population groups.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Zhe Ruan, Xiao Huan, Yue Su, Yong-Lan Tang, Dong-Dong Meng, Da-Lin Ren, Chun-Hong Li, Si-Jia Hao, Chong-Bo Zhao, Su-Shan Luo, Zhu-Yi Li, Ting Chang
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of disease exacerbation in COVID-19-vaccinated MG patients. The results show that inactivated COVID-19 vaccines do not increase the risk of disease exacerbation in MG patients, but more attention should be paid to thymoma-related MG patients, especially within 1 week after vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Gail L. Rodgers, Cynthia G. Whitney, Keith P. Klugman
Summary: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has successfully reduced the burden of disease and provided herd protection for those who cannot be vaccinated. While widely rolled out in poor countries, there are still many unvaccinated children in middle income countries. Solutions being considered include reducing doses and supporting more affordable vaccine sources.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Qing He, Jiali Xiao, Meizhen Liu, Zhencui Li, Jiangxiong Xu, Zhoubin Zhang
Summary: This observational study assessed the durability of antibody persistence after replacing the MPSV-A vaccine with the MPCV vaccine in children in Guangzhou, China. The results showed that the substitute vaccine schedule had good immunogenicity in both the 3-year-old and 6-year-old groups of children.
Article
Immunology
Kristina L. Bajema, Ryan Gierke, Monica M. Farley, William Schaffner, Ann Thomas, Arthur L. Reingold, Lee H. Harrison, Ruth Lynfield, Kari E. Burzlaff, Susan Petit, Meghan Barnes, Salina Torres, Paula M. Snippes Vagnone, Bernard Beall, Tamara Pilishvili
Summary: The incidence of antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease (NS-IPD) has decreased in the United States after the introduction of 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). However, there has been an increase in nonvaccine type NS-IPD, particularly among older adults. The use of higher valency PCVs containing the common nonsusceptible serotypes could help further reduce NS-IPD.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk, Dayoung Song, Julia Lynch, Jerome H. Kim, Piyameth Dilokthornsakul, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Vittal Mogasale
Summary: This study evaluates the potential cost-effectiveness of introducing PCV 12 vaccine in Thailand. The results show that the national PCV12 vaccination program is a cost-saving strategy compared to no vaccination, and has potential public health value.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Marianna Riekkinen, Sari H. Pakkanen, Veronik Hutse, Inge Roukaerts, Jukka Ollgren, Helena Kayhty, Christian Herzog, Lars Rombo, Anu Kantele
Summary: This study examined the influence of coadministration of HepA and PCV13 on safety and immunogenicity. The results showed that coadministration of PCV13 significantly impaired antibody responses to HepA, but did not impact the response to PCV13. Overall, there were no major safety concerns.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Megan E. Peck, Lee M. Hampton, Sebastian Antoni, Ike Ogbuanu, Fatima Serhan, Tomoka Nakamura, Jenny A. Walldorf, Adam L. Cohen
Summary: The study found that countries participating in or conducting surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease or rotavirus disease were more likely to introduce PCV or rotavirus vaccine. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to demonstrate whether countries with higher rotavirus positivity are more likely to introduce the vaccine.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Andrew D. Wiese, Ed Mitchel, Danielle Ndi, Tiffanie M. Markus, H. Keipp Talbot, William Schaffner, Carlos G. Grijalva
Summary: This study analyzed the association between invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and found a significant increase in the risk of AMI during periods associated with laboratory-confirmed IPD.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Arianna Neri, Massimo Fabiani, Anna Maria Barbui, Caterina Vocale, Alessandro Miglietta, Cecilia Fazio, Anna Carannante, Annapina Palmieri, Paola Vacca, Paola Stefanelli, Luigina Ambrosio
Summary: This study evaluated the presence of neutralizing antibodies over time in different cohorts of children vaccinated against serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis. The results showed a significant decline in antibody titers every year, particularly in children vaccinated with the MCC vaccine.
Article
Immunology
Kristiana Alexandrova Nikolova, Mikael Andersson, Hans-Christian Slotved, Anders Koch
Summary: The introduction of PCV13 in Greenland's childhood vaccination program in 2010 led to a decrease in overall incidence rates of IPD, with a significant decrease in children but a notable increase among the elderly. The incidence of vaccine serotype IPD decreased across all ages, while non-vaccine serotype IPD increased during the post-PCV13 period, particularly among the elderly aged 60 years and above. Continued surveillance of IPD in the Greenlandic population is needed to monitor the trend.
Article
Immunology
Nicola Principi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: The introduction of the first pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dramatically changed the history of Streptococcus pneumoniae diseases, significantly reducing incidence but also leading to an increase in infections due to serotypes not included in the vaccine. Despite some issues, the use of available vaccines remains crucial in preventing pneumococcal infections.
Article
Pediatrics
Helen Ratcliffe, K. S. Tiley, Nick Andrews, Gayatri Amirthalingam, I Vichos, E. Morey, N. L. Douglas, S. Marinou, Emma Plested, Parvinder Aley, Eva P. Galiza, Saul N. Faust, S. Hughes, Clare S. Murray, Marion Roderick, Fiona Shackley, Sam J. Oddie, Tim Lees, D. P. J. Turner, M. Raman, Stephen Owens, Paul Turner, H. Cockerill, J. Lopez Bernal, E. Linley, Ray Borrow, Kevin Brown, Mary Elizabeth Ramsay, M. Voysey, Matthew D. Snape
Summary: The objective of this study was to understand the community seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents. The study found that approximately one-third of participants aged 15-18 years old had evidence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 prior to the introduction of widespread vaccination. Furthermore, ethnic background was found to be independently associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Michael S. Gold, Ananda Amarasinghe, Matthew Greenhawt, John M. Kelso, Sonali Kochhar, Bernard Yu-Hor Thong, Karina A. Top, Paul J. Turner, Margitta Worm, Barbara Law
Summary: The Brighton Collaboration (BC) has revised its case definition for anaphylaxis, which has been widely used in evaluating reports of suspected anaphylaxis following COVID-19 vaccination. This revision aligns the BC definition with other international case definitions and emphasizes the reporting of observable clinical signs. The BC definition is based on expert consensus and a literature review process.
Review
Allergy
Paul J. Turner, Mimi L. K. Tang, Robert A. Wood
Summary: The first report of food allergy desensitization was published in 1908, predating the first description of a diagnostic test for food allergy by a few years. It has taken almost 100 years for food allergy management to evolve from passive avoidance to a more proactive approach involving prevention and treatment. In addition, the recognition of eosinophil gastrointestinal diseases, first described in the 1980s, has paralleled this progress. As The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice celebrates its 10th anniversary, the article reflects on the future development and potential advancements in the field over the next decade.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Nandinee Patel, Emily Isaacs, Bettina Duca, Nanthagopan Nagaratnam, Jackie Donovan, Sara Fontanella, Paul J. Turner
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of self-injection of 300 μg or 500 μg adrenaline on plasma adrenaline levels and cardiovascular parameters in teenagers at risk of anaphylaxis. The results showed that the 500 μg adrenaline injection resulted in a higher and more prolonged peak concentration and greater area-under-curve for plasma adrenaline compared to the 300 μg dose. Adrenaline also caused a significant increase in heart rate regardless of dose and device used.
Review
Allergy
Aikaterini Anagnostou, Jay Lieberman, Matthew Greenhawt, Douglas Paul Mack, Alexandra F. Santos, Carina Venter, David Stukus, Paul J. Turner, Helen A. Brough
Summary: The field of food allergy has undergone significant changes over the past 5-10 years, with groundbreaking studies redefining prevention and management approaches, and new testing methods on the horizon. Early introduction of allergenic foods is now recommended, shifting from the previous restrictive avoidance paradigm. The management of food allergy has transitioned to active interventions that aim to protect against accidental exposures, reduce allergic reaction severity, and improve the quality of life for food-allergic patients and their families.
Review
Allergy
Joan Bartra, Paul J. Turner, Rosa M. Munoz-Cano
Summary: Around 25% to 50% of food-induced allergic reactions in adults cause anaphylaxis, and cofactors can influence the severity of the reactions. Cofactors can either reduce the reaction threshold or increase reaction severity. Exercise, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol, and sleep deprivation are common reported cofactors. Routine evaluation of cofactors is essential in managing patients with food anaphylaxis. ©2023 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Paul Turner
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Paul Turner, John O. Warner
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Julia Stowe, Elizabeth Miller, Nick Andrews, Heather Whitaker
Summary: This study analyzed the risk of acute myocarditis or pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination in England, as well as the impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on this risk. The results showed a significant increase in the risk of myocarditis after mRNA vaccine administration, particularly after the second dose. The risk of myocarditis was lower in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study provides important information for policymakers and vaccine recipients.
Article
Allergy
Timothy E. Dribin, Susan Waserman, Paul J. Turner
Summary: International guidelines recommend intramuscular epinephrine as the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, and the availability of epinephrine autoinjectors has facilitated its administration in community settings. However, there are uncertainties regarding the usage of epinephrine, such as variations in prescribing autoinjectors, when to administer epinephrine, the need to contact emergency medical services, and the impact of epinephrine on mortality and quality of life. A poor response to epinephrine after 2 doses may indicate severity and the need for urgent escalation, but more research is needed to confirm the safety of not activating emergency medical services in patients who respond to a single dose. Patients at risk of anaphylaxis should be cautioned against relying solely on autoinjectors.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Stefania Arasi, Ulugbek Nurmatov, Audrey Dunn-Galvin, Graham Roberts, Paul J. Turner, Sayantani B. Shinder, Ruchi Gupta, Philippe Eigenmann, Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Montserrat Fernandez Rivas, Stavros Petrou, Luciana K. Tanno, Marta Vazquez-Ortiz, Brian Vickery, Gary Wong, Montserrat Alvaro-Lozano, Miqdad Asaria, Philippe Begin, Martin Bozzola, Robert Boyle, Helen Brough, Victoria Cardona, R. Sharon Chinthrajah, Antonella Cianferoni, Antoine Deschildre, David Fleischer, Flavio Gazzani, Jennifer Gerdts, Marilena Giannetti, Matthew Greenhawt, Maria Antonieta Guzman, Elham Hossny, Paula Kauppi, Carla Jones, Francesco Lucidi, Olga Patricia Monge Ortega, Daniel Munblit, Antonella Muraro, Giovanni Pajno, Marcia Podesta, Pablo Rodriguez del Rio, Maria Said, Alexandra Santos, Marcus Shaker, Hania Szajewska, Carina Venter, Cristopher Warren, Tonya Winders, Motohiro Ebisawa, Alessandro Fiocchi
Summary: A global consensus has been achieved on the development of the DEFASE scoring system for the severity of food allergy, which considers the overall disease spectrum. Further validation and implementation in research settings and clinical practice are planned.
WORLD ALLERGY ORGANIZATION JOURNAL
(2023)
Letter
Dermatology
Emma Ruth, Fionnuala Heraghty, Niamh Flynn, Triona McGlynn, Paul J. Turner, Maeve Kelleher, Aideen Byrne, Jonathan O'B Hourihane
Summary: The European Medicines Agency advises labeling all medicines containing soya-derived excipients as contraindicated in peanut-allergic individuals, despite limited cross-reactivity between soya and peanut allergies. Peanut-allergic patients are unlikely to experience a cross-reactive allergic reaction to soya protein in isotretinoin, as demonstrated by this study. Isotretinoin does not need to be avoided by peanut-allergic patients, and the EMA should reconsider their advice regarding soybean oil-containing medications.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Allergy
Paul J. Turner, Jelena Mamula, Jeremiah Laktabi, Nandinee Patel
Summary: The incidence of in-flight medical events (IMEs) due to allergic reactions during air travel is relatively low, occurring at a lower rate compared to accidental allergic reactions to food in the community. Despite the increasing number of passengers and the prevalence of food allergies, the rate of allergic IMEs has remained stable over the past 30 years.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Allergy
Paul J. Turner, Victoria Cardona
WORLD ALLERGY ORGANIZATION JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Luciana Kase Tanno, Margitta Worm, Motohiro Ebisawa, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Gianenrico Senna, Stanley Fineman, Mario Geller, Alexei Gonzalez-Estrada, Dianne E. Campbell, Agnes Leung, Antonella Muraro, Michael Levin, Jose Antonio Ortega Martell, Marco Caminati, Pavel Kolkhir, Duy Le Pham, Razvigor Darlenski, Ignacio Esteban-Gorgojo, Manuel Rial, Ivana Filipovic, Sergio E. Chiarella, Lyda Cuervo-Pardo, Christina Kwong, Cezar Fireth Pozo-Beltran, Tu HK. Trinh, Paul A. Greenberger, Paul J. Turner, Bernard Yu-Hor Thong, Bryan Martin, Victoria Cardona
Summary: There are regional variations in the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis worldwide, with issues such as global availability of epinephrine for self-injection and post-emergency observation time remaining key concerns.
WORLD ALLERGY ORGANIZATION JOURNAL
(2023)
