Article
Physics, Applied
Yufan Yan, Yi Li, Timing Qu
Summary: This paper reviews recent research efforts in understanding and tackling the technological issues related to screening currents in REBCO conductors. For the screening current induced magnetic field (SCF), the focus is on the latest observations in high-field experiments and various mitigation methods. For the screening current induced stress (SCS), recent studies including experimental characterizations, numerical modelling, and possible countermeasures are presented. It remains an open question to precisely predict the SCS in large-scale HTS magnets. Minimizing the influence of SCF and SCS is one of the key technical challenges for the design of future UHF magnets.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingjin Li, Jian Cui, Ran Yang, Ping Huang, Bo Chen, Junfei Wang, Zhizheng Gan
Summary: This paper establishes an electromagnetic transient calculation model of ultra high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission system using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation program. It compares the overvoltage during load dumping under three different rated-load operations and provides suggestions for insulation coordination.
Article
Polymer Science
Meng Su, Yamin Pan, Guoqiang Zheng, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen, Xianhu Liu
Summary: The article introduces a multifunctional UHMWPE foam fabricated via a thermally induced phase separation method, which exhibits low density, high porosity, robust superhydrophobicity, excellent adsorption capacity in oil-water separation, and great thermal insulation performance under various temperature conditions, meeting the demands of various practical applications.
Review
Physics, Applied
Qiuliang Wang, Jianhua Liu, Jinxing Zheng, Jinggang Qin, Yanwei Ma, Qingjin Xu, Dongliang Wang, Wenge Chen, Timing Qu, Xingyi Zhang, Donghui Jiang, Yaohui Wang, Benzhe Zhou, Lang Qin, Huan Jin, Huajun Liu, Yujia Zhai, Feng Liu
Summary: This paper reports on the research status of UHF superconducting magnets in China from different perspectives, including design options, technical features, experimental progress, opportunities, and challenges.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xin Long, Pengkai Tang, Lichun Zhou, Wei Chen, Sijia Ren, Yuhong Qiu, Luxi Sui, Xiongbang Wei, Jiaxuan Liao
Summary: Aerogels, a lightweight and highly efficient thermal insulator, have been hindered in development and application due to their poor mechanical properties. To overcome this issue, we innovatively employed reversible sacrificial hydrogen bondings, resulting in a polybenzoxazine aerogel with exceptional mechanical properties and a lightweight structure. This aerogel (density 0.231 g/cm3 and porosity 90.7%) exhibits high compression strength (14.36 MPa) and suitable deformation capacity (19.6% fracture strain), along with good fatigue resistance. Additionally, it possesses outstanding thermal insulation properties (0.03012 W/(m center dot K) at 25 degrees C and 0.03486 W/(m center dot K) at 150 degrees C) and hydrophobic properties (hydrophobic angle 148.7 degrees and saturated mass moisture absorption rate about 0.63%). Consequently, it holds great potential as a high-efficiency thermal insulator in buildings, industries, aerospace vehicles, etc.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Donghui Liu, Dongke Li, Weiwei Zhang, Huadong Yong, Youhe Zhou
Summary: This study examines the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical behavior of no-insulation double-pancake coils during a quench. The results show that a quench in the top pancake coil can lead to increased current density in the bottom coil and mechanical deformation is mainly influenced by temperature rise. Additionally, thermal expansion of the top pancake coil significantly affects the mechanical behavior of the bottom coil.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhaofei Jiang, Donghui Jiang, Xiangyang Wu, Wenge Chen, Guangli Kuang
Summary: This article discusses the impact of screening current-induced stress/strain on NI-REBCO coils and proposes three methods to mitigate SCIS. Through parametric studies, novel conclusions are drawn regarding the effectiveness of these mitigation methods.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dajie Zhang, Junwei Lv, Yu Dai, Yongjiu Li, Taijun He, Longbo Luo, Xufu Cai, Xiangyang Liu
Summary: In this study, the breakdown strength of high-performance polymer films was improved by complexing with HCl and annealing. The complexation temporarily suppressed hydrogen-bonding interactions, leading to improved mobility and extended chain conformation. After decomplexation, the films exhibited higher orientation and order, resulting in increased breakdown strength. In addition, chemical cross-linking further enhanced the breakdown strength and tensile strength of the films.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jimin Tan, Nina Shenker-Tauris, Javier Rodriguez-Hernaez, Eric Wang, Theodore Sakellaropoulos, Francesco Boccalatte, Palaniraja Thandapani, Jane Skok, Iannis Aifantis, David Fenyo, Bo Xia, Aristotelis Tsirigos
Summary: Investigating how chromatin organization determines cell-type-specific gene expression is challenging. We present C.Origami, a deep neural network that predicts chromatin organization using DNA sequence and cell-type-specific genomic features. C.Origami enables in silico experiments to examine the impact of genetic changes on chromatin interactions. Applying this approach to leukemia cells and normal T cells, we discover novel chromatin regulation circuits in both normal and disease-related biological systems.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ning Yan, Dong Dong, Rolando Burgos
Summary: This article presents the design and optimization procedure of a high-density isolated auxiliary power supply (APS) using an LCCL-LC resonant topology with an operating frequency of 1 MHz. The design achieves consistent soft-switching operation under a random number of output channels and the galvanic isolation is realized by a 1 MHz transformer.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ricardo Forgiarini Rupp, Ongun Berk Kazanci, Jorn Toftum
Summary: Clothing insulation is a crucial parameter for assessing thermal comfort, and accurately predicting it can be challenging. This study analyzed the clothing insulation in the ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database and developed predictive models to improve thermal comfort predictions.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zehao Lin, Mengwei Si, Vahid Askarpour, Chang Niu, Adam Charnas, Zhongxia Shang, Yizhi Zhang, Yaoqiao Hu, Zhuocheng Zhang, Pai-Ying Liao, Kyeongjae Cho, Haiyan Wang, Mark Lundstrom, Jesse Maassen, Peide D. Ye
Summary: In this study, an In2O3 transistor grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible temperatures is demonstrated to have a record high drain current, surpassing all known transistors. Experimental and theoretical analysis reveal that high carrier density and high electron velocity contribute to the superior on-state performance in these ALD In2O3 transistors.
Article
Optics
Jia-Qi Geng, Guan-Jie Fan-Yuan, Shuang Wang, Qi-Fa Zhang, Wei Chen, Zhen-Qiang Yin, De-Yong He, Guang-Can Guo, Zheng-Fu Han
Summary: The study combines a finite-key security analysis method with the noise model of classical signals to achieve DV-QKD with up to 25 dBm launch power over 75 km on an ultra-low-loss (ULL) fiber. The results demonstrate the feasibility and tolerance of the QKD system for ultra-high-power classical communications.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Carsten Strobel, Carlos A. Chavarin, Karola Richter, Martin Knaut, Johanna Reif, Sandra Voelkel, Andreas Jahn, Matthias Albert, Christian Wenger, Robert Kirchner, Johann W. Bartha, Thomas Mikolajick
Summary: In this study, a novel graphene-based transistor called graphene adjustable-barriers transistor (GABT) was proposed and analyzed. It utilizes a semiconductor-based gate to modulate the device currents, overcoming the low on/off ratios and insufficient current saturation of conventional graphene transistors.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Carsten Strobel, Carlos A. Chavarin, Karola Richter, Martin Knaut, Johanna Reif, Sandra Voelkel, Andreas Jahn, Matthias Albert, Christian Wenger, Robert Kirchner, Johann W. Bartha, Thomas Mikolajick
Summary: A graphene-based three-terminal barristor device was proposed to overcome the low on/off ratios and insufficient current saturation of conventional graphene field-effect transistors. This device, called graphene adjustable-barriers transistor (GABT), utilizes a semiconductor-based gate to modulate the device currents and demonstrates high current gain. The functionality of a silicon-graphene-germanium GABT with ultra-high current gain was successfully demonstrated.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
T. A. Oloye, M. Matras, J. Jiang, S. Hossain, Y. Su, U. P. Trociewitz, E. E. Hellstrom, D. C. Larbalestier, F. Kametani
Summary: The study reveals that the quality of quasi-biaxial texture in Bi-2212 round wires is closely related to the critical current density (J(c)), with variations primarily influenced by filament and intergrain connectivity. Optimization of J(c) in Bi-2212 RWs requires enhancing biaxial texture quality and grain boundary cleanliness.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Sang-il Kim, David C. Larbalestier
Summary: In this study, the transport characteristics of low-angle grain boundaries in YBCO-coated conductors were improved by using strain-driven segregation, specifically by substituting Nd3+ for Y3+. It was found that this substitution can enhance the critical current density J(c) across the grain boundaries without significant reduction in the superconducting critical temperature T-c.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. Molodyk, S. Samoilenkov, A. Markelov, P. Degtyarenko, S. Lee, V. Petrykin, M. Gaifullin, A. Mankevich, A. Vavilov, B. Sorbom, J. Cheng, S. Garberg, L. Kesler, Z. Hartwig, S. Gavrilkin, A. Tsvetkov, T. Okada, S. Awaji, D. Abraimov, A. Francis, G. Bradford, D. Larbalestier, C. Senatore, M. Bonura, A. E. Pantoja, S. C. Wimbush, N. M. Strickland, A. Vasiliev
Summary: Researchers have reported a new type of high-temperature superconductor wire with high and reproducible engineering current density, achieved through a simple formulation with nanoparticles. This wire demonstrates robustness and scalability in production, enabling a reduction in HTS wire prices and advancing progress in fusion and other applications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jianyi Jiang, S. Imam Hossain, T. Abiola Oloye, Yavuz Oz, Shaon Barua, Jonathan Cooper, Evan Miller, Yibing Huang, Jeff A. Parrell, Fumitake Kametani, Ulf P. Trociewitz, Eric E. Hellstrom, David C. Larbalestier
Summary: High engineering critical current density in Bi-2212 round wire has been achieved through a partial melt, overpressure heat treatment process, which varies strongly with processing conditions. A wide processing window with nearly constant results is desired for processing large coils, and this can be achieved by controlling the Bi-2212 powder melting or wire architecture design.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chiara Tarantini, Fumitake Kametani, Shreyas Balachandran, Steve M. Heald, Laura Wheatley, Chris R. M. Grovenor, Michael P. Moody, Yi-Feng Su, Peter J. Lee, David C. Larbalestier
Summary: By adding hafnium to the standard Nb-4Ta alloy, researchers have successfully improved the superconducting properties of Nb3Sn, including increasing H-c2(0) and enhancing the pinning force maximum. This advancement has the potential to bring Nb3Sn closer to meeting the requirements for the realization of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) at CERN.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yavuz Oz, Jianyi Jiang, Maxime Matras, Temidayo Abiola Oloye, Fumitake Kametani, Eric E. Hellstrom, David C. Larbalestier
Summary: Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox (Bi-2212) is a high-temperature superconductor with high critical current density J(c) that is suitable for ultrahigh-field magnet applications. Its unique biaxial growth texture, high aspect ratio, large-grain morphology, and basal-plane-faced grain morphology contribute to high J(c) and a lack of weak-link signature, regardless of its oxygen doping state.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
X. Hu, A. A. Polyanskii, D. Abraimov, A. Gavrilin, H. W. Weijers, F. Kametani, J. Jaroszynski, D. C. Larbalestier
Summary: The industrial production of REBa2Cu3O7-delta (REBCO) coated conductors has enabled the construction of a 32 T magnet, which is the first all-superconducting user magnet to exceed 30 T. In this study, the damage that occurred in the prototype coil during late-stage testing was analyzed. It was found that the damage was caused by fluctuations in vortex pinning density, which resulted in localized regions with low critical current (I-c) and intense heating.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Y. Oz, D. Davis, J. Jiang, E. E. Hellstrom, D. C. Larbalestier
Summary: Bi-2212 is the only high field, high-temperature superconductor available in a macroscopically isotropic, multifilament round wire form capable of generating high uniformity fields. However, the heat treatment that enables high J ( c ) values also produces filament bonding which enhances losses. Twisting reduces some losses but is less effective in reducing losses from bonding. Recent research shows that high J ( c ) Bi-2212 wires with reduced bonding can significantly improve transport J ( c ) and lower losses, supporting the production of high field, low loss HTS magnets made with Bi-2212 wires.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
J. Jaroszynski, A-M Constantinescu, G. Miller, A. Xu, A. Francis, T. Murphy, D. C. Larbalestier
Summary: Detailed knowledge of the full angular and wide temperature range characterization of the critical current I-c of REBCO coated conductors (CC) is crucial for the design of REBCO-based magnets. However, obtaining such data is expensive and difficult using traditional methods. This study presents J(c)(B,T,theta) results for a set of CC samples, highlighting the importance of considering the diverse properties of the samples when designing magnets.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jeseok Bang, Seong Hyeon Park, Jeonghwan Park, Geonyoung Kim, Jung Tae Lee, Kwangmin Kim, Seungyong Hahn, David C. Larbalestier
Summary: This paper presents a system for real-time monitoring spatial and temporal electromagnetic behaviors of a high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil. The system consists of Hall sensors and voltage taps to measure spatial and temporal magnetic fields, and local voltages. The feasibility of the system is validated through simulations and experimental comparisons.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jianyi Jiang, S. Imam Hossain, Shaon Barua, T. Abiola Oloye, Jozef Kvitkovic, Fumitake Kametani, Ulf P. P. Trociewitz, Eric E. E. Hellstrom, David C. C. Larbalestier, Daniel E. E. Bugaris, Claudia Goggin, Yibing Huang, Jeff A. A. Parrell, Tengming Shen
Summary: Bi-2212 is the only high temperature superconducting wire with a round geometry. Its performance depends on powder quality, conductor fabrication, and heat treatment. We report on the performance and microstructure variation of wires made with powders produced by Engi-Mat in recent years.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chiara Tarantini, Temidayo Abiola Oloye, S. Imam Hossain, Fumitake Kametani, Jianyi Jiang, Eric E. Hellstrom, David C. Larbalestier
Summary: Bi2Sr2CaCuOx (Bi-2212) is a high-T-c superconductor that shows promise for high-field applications. The critical current density (Jc) of Bi-2212 wires, fabricated using the powder-in-tube technique, depends on the heat treatment process. In this study, magnetic characterization techniques were used to analyze the microstructure and superconducting properties of differently processed Bi-2212 wires. The results show that the supercurrent flows at the filament bundle level, and the intergrain and intragrain superconducting properties contribute to the overall performance.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
David C. Larbalestier
Summary: Alex Mueller's discovery of superconductivity in low carrier density oxides has had significant impacts on high magnetic field technology, particularly on the use of cuprate superconductors to generate stronger magnetic fields than Nb-based low temperature superconductors. Lessons from Bednorz and Mueller's discovery highlight the importance of high current density conductors for practical applications of temperature superconductors. The use of rare earth alloy magnets made with YBCO (REBCO) has become commonplace in NMR labs, and prototype magnets made with REBCO are poised to enable compact fusion reactors.
PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ferran Valles, Anna Palau, Dmytro Abraimov, Jan Jaroszynski, Anca-Monia Constantinescu, Bernat Mundet, Xavier Obradors, David Larbalestier, Teresa Puig
Summary: Optimizing the microstructural of YBa2Cu3O7-x coated conductors is vital for enhancing the critical current. The magnetic flux pinning capabilities of these conductors vary with different regions of the magnetic field-temperature phase diagram and the orientation of the magnetic field. By investigating the critical current density in a wide temperature range and high magnetic fields, we have identified promising methods for artificially engineering YBCO coated conductors in any region of interest. Furthermore, we have identified the key factors that contribute to enhanced pinning performance at high magnetic fields and low temperatures.
COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS
(2022)