Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Eunsang Cho, Rachel R. McCrary, Jennifer M. Jacobs
Summary: Projected changes in extreme snow-related indicators show decreases in the continental US and southern Canada, but increases in Alaska and northern Canada by the late 21st century. California and the Pacific Northwest are expected to experience an increase in extreme runoff potential, potentially leading to larger rain-on-snow floods. Regions with high variability among model ensembles need further investigation to reduce regional uncertainties.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Seth McGinnis, Linda Mearns
Summary: The NA-CORDEX data archive includes output from regional climate models covering most of North America, with variables available in CF-compliant netCDF format. The data, from 1950 to 2100, has been bias-corrected for use in impacts research and stakeholder decision-making, supporting appropriate use of the data in climate services.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chen Zhuo, Guo Junhong, Li Wei, Zhang Fei, Xiao Chan, Pan Zhangrong
Summary: The goal of carbon neutrality opens up a new opportunity for renewable energy development, particularly in wind power. This study evaluates the spatiotemporal characteristics of wind speed and energy potential from different climate models and projects the changes in wind speed and wind power density over China's mainland in the future. The results suggest a decrease in wind speed in most regions of China, but an increase in wind energy potential in the southern parts.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
X. Costoya, M. de Castro, D. Carvalho, M. Gomez-Gesteira
Summary: Renewable energy plays a key role in achieving global greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. This study analyzed the complementarity between wind and solar photovoltaic power in North America using a multi-model ensemble of 10 global climate models. The results showed that combining wind and solar power reduced spatial heterogeneity in annual mean power, with optimal complementarity in coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Inland areas such as the US-Canada border and northern regions like Alaska or the Labrador Peninsula also showed good complementarity.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jan Wohland
Summary: This study analyzes the limitations of the global-to-regional climate modeling chain and finds that climate change has a significant impact on wind speeds. The study suggests that land use changes and polar amplification are crucial factors affecting wind energy.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
R. R. McCrary, L. O. Mearns, M. Hughes, S. Biner, M. S. Bukovsky
Summary: This study examines the differences in end of twenty-first-century projections of snow from the North American Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (NA-CORDEX) regional climate model (RCMs) and their driving global climate models (GCMs). The findings show that snow cover retreats, snow mass decreases everywhere except at high latitudes, and the duration of the snow covered season decreases. The spatial details, magnitude, percent, and uncertainty of future changes vary between the GCM and RCM ensemble but are similar between the two resolutions of the RCM ensembles. An increase in winter snow amounts at high latitudes is a robust response across all ensembles. Percent snow losses are found to be more substantial in the GCMs than the RCMs over most of North America.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Si Han Li
Summary: Wind energy is seen as a renewable energy source to mitigate climate change impacts. However, climate change itself also affects wind energy. Previous studies have investigated the impact of climate change on wind energy in North America, but with limited spatial resolutions and simulations. In this study, high-resolution regional climate models were used to simulate the impact of climate change on wind energy, considering future emission scenarios. The results provide insights into the seasonal and yearly variations of wind energy and its implications for structural reliability in North America.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
X. Costoya, M. DeCastro, D. Carvalho, B. Arguile-Perez, M. Gomez-Gesteira
Summary: This study focuses on the offshore energy assessment off the coast of Western Iberia, investigating the complementarity of offshore wind and solar energy sources to improve energy supply stability. The study found that combining both renewable resources significantly increased the stability of the energy resource.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Graziela Luzia, Matti J. Koivisto, Andrea N. Hahmann
Summary: As the energy system becomes more reliant on intermittent meteorological sources, it is important to understand the potential impacts of climate change on weather variability and its effect on wind power generation. This study validates the wind speed output of seven regional climate models from the EURO-CORDEX project using European country-level wind generation data and relevant metrics for power and energy system applications. The results show that the EURO-CORDEX models adjusted with the Global Wind Atlas can accurately simulate temporal dependencies and generation distributions, though spatial correlations are overestimated compared to observations by most models. Assuming the GWA2 scaling is valid for the future, the projections indicate a slight decrease in capacity factors for most European countries under the RCP8.5 scenario from 2026 to 2065.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Miguel Lagos-Zuniga, Rocio Balmaceda-Huarte, Pedro Regoto, Limbert Torrez, Matias Olmo, Andre Lyra, David Pareja-Quispe, Maria Laura Bettolli
Summary: This study analyzed the capability of three regional climate models (RCMs) to reproduce historical extreme climate indices in South America (SA) and predicted future climate change. The results showed that the models exhibited better agreement in spatial variability than in inter-annual variability, and there were differences in precipitation signals between RCMs and their driving global climate models (GCMs).
Article
Engineering, Civil
Si Han Li, Gregory A. Kopp
Summary: In modern wind engineering practice, wind load effects are defined based on a basic design wind speed, aerodynamic force coefficient, and various multipliers. The duration of wind events, known as wind duration, is assumed to be one hour, but recent studies indicate variations in hurricane wind duration and a lack of comprehensive investigations of synoptic wind duration in engineering. To address this, the study employed long-term wind speed simulations for North America to investigate wind durations in the current and future climate. Findings showed that wind durations for higher return period levels are close to one hour, but can be much longer for lower return periods, impacting wind responses for serviceability limit state design and cladding and component (C & C) design.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Shahab S. Band, Sayed M. Bateni, Mansour Almazroui, Shahin Sajjadi, Kwok-wing Chau, Amir Mosavi
Summary: The MENA-CORDEX wind speed data in the Gulf of Oman shows high spatial variability, with climate change impacting mean wind power by less than 5% under the RCP8.5 scenario, indicating the sustainability of wind renewable energy. Five potential energy hotspots have been selected in the Gulf of Oman for detailed assessment of wind power directional variability, with findings suggesting that wind power direction and magnitude will remain similar under climate change impacts, promising sustainable power production in the region.
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
X. Costoya, M. DeCastro, D. Carvalho, Z. Feng, M. Gomez-Gesteira
Summary: The Chinese offshore wind energy sector is growing rapidly, with the country expected to become the global leader in installed wind energy capacity. Future projections show varying trends in wind power density depending on the season, and most of the Chinese coastal area is classified as having good or excellent wind energy resources.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jonathan D. Beverley, Matthew Collins, F. Hugo Lambert, Robin Chadwick
Summary: Research suggests that future changes to the positive-phase ENSO teleconnection to the North Pacific/North America sector will weaken, largely due to anomalous circulation changes over the North Pacific. The study also indicates that changes in forcing from equatorial central Pacific precipitation anomalies are more significant than changes in the global basic state background circulation.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Peter Sherman, Shaojie Song, Xinyu Chen, Michael McElroy
Summary: As more countries commit to emissions reductions to curb climate change, decarbonization of the electricity sector becomes crucial. Wind and solar power will play a major role in this transition, despite a slight decrease in available resources, there is enormous potential for expansion.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Liang Chen, Paul A. Dirmeyer
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Liang Chen, Paul A. Dirmeyer
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liang Chen, Paul A. Dirmeyer
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kunxiaojia Yuan, Qing Zhu, Shiyu Zheng, Lei Zhao, Min Chen, William J. Riley, Xitian Cai, Hongxu Ma, Fa Li, Huayi Wu, Liang Chen
Summary: Changes in land use and land cover can significantly impact land-surface characteristics, water/energy exchanges, atmospheric circulation, and regional climate. Deforestation is a major driver of global land-use changes, converting forests into other land cover types. Information theory-based transfer entropy is a powerful tool for understanding the causal relationships between land-atmosphere-water/energy flux responses to deforestation.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Trent W. Ford, Liang Chen, Justin T. Schoof
Summary: This study focuses on characterizing variability and change in Midwest precipitation extremes and transitions between extremes over the last 70 years. The research findings show that the Midwest region has become wetter overall, with annual maximum and median wetness increasing more significantly than the annual minimum. The transitions between wet and dry extremes have accelerated in speed, while long-term changes in transition frequency vary regionally within the Midwest.
JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Liang Chen, Trent W. Ford, Priyanka Yadav
Summary: This study investigates the climatology of warm season flash drought occurrence in the United States and finds that vegetation greening can significantly increase flash drought frequency in the Great Plains and western United States. However, flash drought occurrence is not significantly affected by vegetation phenology in the eastern and Midwest United States.
JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Liang Chen, Trent W. Ford
Summary: The study assesses the effects of reducing global warming by 0.5 degrees C on climate extremes in the United States. Results show that this reduction can significantly mitigate heat extremes and heavy precipitation events across the country, with the most notable impacts in the North, South, and Southeast regions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ru Xu, Yan Li, Adriaan J. Teuling, Lei Zhao, Dominick Spracklen, Luis Garcia-Carreras, Ronny Meier, Liang Chen, Youtong Zheng, Huiqing Lin, Bojie Fu
Summary: This study uses satellite data to demonstrate the contrasting effect of forests on summer cloud cover in different regions, with temperate and boreal forests enhancing clouds and forests in the Amazon, Central Africa, and Southeast US inhibiting clouds. The spatial variation in cloud effects is driven by differences in sensible heat.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Manuel Hernandez, Liang Chen
Summary: This study utilizes model projections to find that the North American Monsoon (NAM) may experience reduced and shifted rainfall patterns in the future. Early monsoon season rainfall deficits are associated with increased evaporative demand, a negative dynamic response of vertical moisture advection, and anomalous subsidence. Increases in late monsoon season rainfall are attributed to a positive change in the dynamical term of vertical moisture advection and increases in upward motion. These changes can have significant impacts on the ecological and societal aspects.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Liang Chen, Trent W. Ford
Summary: This study estimates the projected changes in transitions of precipitation extremes in the Midwest based on 17 CMIP6 models. The findings indicate that by the end of the century, the Midwest will experience significantly intensified wet extremes, particularly in the northern Midwest and the Great Lakes region. Additionally, there will be an increase in the magnitude of intra-annual variability and more frequent and rapid transitions between wet and dry extremes. These changes will have significant impacts on Midwest agriculture, water resources, and natural ecosystems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Liang Chen, Trent W. Ford, Erik Swenson
Summary: Recent studies show that springtime wet extremes and summertime dry extremes will become more frequent in the U.S. Midwest, which could have devastating effects on agriculture. By analyzing circulation patterns, researchers have identified two key atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the extreme wet spring and dry summer in the Midwest. The projected increase in wet and dry extremes is mainly due to more frequent occurrences of these circulation patterns and the enhanced moisture flux from the Gulf of Mexico.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Sonali McDermid, Mallika Nocco, Patricia Lawston-Parker, Jessica Keune, Yadu Pokhrel, Meha Jain, Jonas Jaegermeyr, Luca Brocca, Christian Massari, Andrew D. Jones, Pouya Vahmani, Wim Thiery, Yi Yao, Andrew Bell, Liang Chen, Wouter Dorigo, Naota Hanasaki, Scott Jasechko, Min-Hui Lo, Rezaul Mahmood, Vimal Mishra, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Dev Niyogi, Sam S. Rabin, Lindsey Sloat, Yoshihide Wada, Luca Zappa, Fei Chen, Benjamin I. Cook, Hyungjun Kim, Danica Lombardozzi, Jan Polcher, Dongryeol Ryu, Joe Santanello, Yusuke Satoh, Sonia Seneviratne, Deepti Singh, Tokuta Yokohata
Summary: Irrigation accounts for a large majority of global freshwater withdrawals and consumptive water use, causing significant impacts on the Earth system. This Review provides a summary of how irrigation currently affects key components of the Earth system. It is estimated that over 3.6 million km(2) of land is currently being irrigated, with hot spots in the US High Plains, California Central Valley, Indo-Gangetic Basin, and northern China. Process-based models estimate that around 2,700 +/- 540 km(3) of irrigation water is withdrawn globally each year, and this is broadly consistent with reported values from countries, despite uncertainties.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Manas Khan, Rabin Bhattarai, Liang Chen
Summary: The study found a strong linkage between extreme precipitation events and extreme hot days in the upper Midwestern United States. It also showed that extreme heat contributes to higher intensity of extreme precipitation events. This finding has important implications for flood management under future climate change scenarios in the region.
Article
Water Resources
Kevin A. Grady, Liang Chen, Trent W. Ford
Summary: This study examines the historical and projected changes in the characteristics of spring and summer precipitation in the Midwest region of the United States. It is projected that increases in spring precipitation and precipitation intensity will continue into the mid- and late-century across the region, with strong model agreement. However, projected changes in Midwest summer precipitation are more modest than for spring and have much less model agreement.
FRONTIERS IN WATER
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Cameron Bracken, Nathalie Voisin, Casey D. Burleyson, Allison M. Campbell, Z. Jason Hou, Daniel Broman
Summary: This study presents a methodology and dataset for examining compound wind and solar energy droughts, as well as the first standardized benchmark of energy droughts across the Continental United States (CONUS) for a 2020 infrastructure. The results show that compound wind and solar droughts have distinct spatial and temporal patterns across the CONUS, and the characteristics of energy droughts are regional. The study also finds that compound high load events occur more often during compound wind and solar droughts than expected.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ning Zhang, Yanghao Yu, Jiawei Wu, Ershun Du, Shuming Zhang, Jinyu Xiao
Summary: This paper provides insights into the optimal configuration of CSP plants with different penetrations of wind power by proposing an unconstrained optimization model. The results suggest that large solar multiples and TES are preferred in order to maximize profit, especially when combined with high penetrations of wind and photovoltaic plants. Additionally, the study demonstrates the economy and feasibility of installing electric heaters (EH) in CSP plants, which show a linear correlation with the penetration of variable energy resources.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
M. Szubel, K. Papis-Fraczek, S. Podlasek
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
J. Silva, J. C. Goncalves, C. Rocha, J. Vilaca, L. M. Madeira
Summary: This study investigated the methanation of CO2 in biogas and compared two different methanation reactors. The results showed that the cooled reactor without CO2 separation achieved a CO2 conversion rate of 91.8%, while the adiabatic reactors achieved conversion rates of 59.6% and 67.2%, resulting in an overall conversion rate of 93.0%. Economic analysis revealed negative net present worth values, indicating the need for government monetary incentives.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yang Liu, Yonglan Xi, Xiaomei Ye, Yingpeng Zhang, Chengcheng Wang, Zhaoyan Jia, Chunhui Cao, Ting Han, Jing Du, Xiangping Kong, Zhongbing Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effect of using nanofiber membrane composites containing Prussian blue-like compound nanoparticles (PNPs) to relieve ammonia nitrogen inhibition of rural organic household waste during high-solid anaerobic digestion and increase methane production. The results showed that adding NMCs with 15% PNPs can lower the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen, and increase methane yield.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhong Ge, Xiaodong Wang, Jian Li, Jian Xu, Jianbin Xie, Zhiyong Xie, Ruiqu Ma
Summary: This study evaluates the thermodynamic, exergy, and economic performance of a double-stage organic flash cycle (DOFC) using ten eco-friendly hydrofluoroolefins. The influences of key parameters on performance are analyzed, and the advantages of DOFC over single-stage type are quantified.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nicolas Kirchner-Bossi, Fernando Porte-Agel
Summary: This study investigates the optimization of power density in wind farms and its sensitivity to the available area size. A novel genetic algorithm (PDGA) is introduced to optimize power density and turbine layout. The results show that the PDGA-driven solutions significantly reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) compared to the default layout, and exhibit a convex relationship between area and LCOE or power density.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chunxiao Zhang, Dongdong Li, Lin Wang, Qingpo Yang, Yutao Guo, Wei Zhang, Chao Shen, Jihong Pu
Summary: In this study, a novel reversible liquid-filled energy-saving window that effectively regulates indoor solar radiation heat gain is proposed. Experimental results show that this window can effectively reduce indoor temperature during both summer and winter seasons, while having minimal impact on indoor illuminance.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alessandro L. Aguiar, Martinho Marta-Almeida, Mauro Cirano, Janini Pereira, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha
Summary: This study analyzed the Brazilian Equatorial Shelf using a high-resolution ocean model and found significant tidal variations in the area. Several hypothetical barrages were proposed with higher annual power generation than existing barrages. The study also evaluated the installation effort of these barrages.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Francesco Superchi, Nathan Giovannini, Antonis Moustakis, George Pechlivanoglou, Alessandro Bianchini
Summary: This study focuses on the optimization of a hybrid power station on the Tilos island in Greece, aiming to increase energy export and revenue by optimizing energy fluxes. Different scenarios are proposed to examine the impact of different agreements with the grid operator on the optimal solution.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Peimaneh Shirazi, Amirmohammad Behzadi, Pouria Ahmadi, Sasan Sadrizadeh
Summary: This research presents two novel energy production/storage/usage systems to reduce energy consumption and environmental effects in buildings. A biomass-fired model and a solar-driven system integrated with photovoltaic thermal (PVT) panels and a heat pump were designed and assessed. The results indicate that the solar-based system has an acceptable energy cost and the PVT-based system with a heat pump is environmentally superior. The biomass-fired system shows excellent efficiency.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zihao Qi, Yingling Cai, Yunxiang Cui
Summary: This study aims to investigate the operational characteristics of the solar-ground source heat pump system (SGSHPS) in Shanghai under different operation modes. It concludes that tandem operation mode 1 is the optimal mode for winter operation in terms of energy efficiency.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
L. Bartolucci, S. Cordiner, A. Di Carlo, A. Gallifuoco, P. Mele, V. Mulone
Summary: Spent coffee grounds are a valuable biogenic waste that can be used as a source of biofuels and valuable chemicals through pyrolysis and solvent extraction processes. The study found that heavy organic bio-oil derived from coffee grounds can be used as a carbon-rich biofuel, while solvent extraction can extract xantines and p-benzoquinone, which are important chemicals for various industries. The results highlight the promising potential of solvent extraction in improving the economic viability of coffee grounds pyrolysis-based biorefineries.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Luiza de Queiroz Correa, Diego Bagnis, Pedro Rabelo Melo Franco, Esly Ferreira da Costa Junior, Andrea Oliveira Souza da Costa
Summary: Building-integrated photovoltaics, especially organic solar technology, are important for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector. This study analyzed the performance of organic panels laminated in glass in a vertical installation in Latin America. Results showed that glass lamination and vertical orientation preserved the panels' performance and led to higher energy generation in winter.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhipei Hu, Shuo Jiang, Zhigao Sun, Jun Li
Summary: This study proposes innovative fin arrangements to enhance the thermal performance of latent heat storage units. Through optimization of fin distribution and prediction of transient melting behaviors, it is found that fin structures significantly influence heat transfer characteristics and melting behaviors.
