期刊
RENEWABLE ENERGY
卷 155, 期 -, 页码 1173-1180出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.04.050
关键词
Hydrothermal carbonization; Biochar; Aqueous phase; Recirculation; Brewer's spent grains
资金
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie SklodowskaCurie [721991]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [328017493/GRK 2366]
The effect of two process water (PW) recirculation strategies after hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of brewers spent grains (BSG) is evaluated with the focus on the hydrochar characteristics. The HTC process has been carried out under different operating conditions, which are residence time between 2 and 4 h and temperature in the range of 200-220 degrees C. The composition of the hydrochars reveals that operating conditions have a more significant effect than PW recirculation. The composition of the liquid produced by HTC with PW recirculation is essentially controlled by the operating temperature, for instance, the total organic carbon (TOC) in the PW changes in the narrow range of 200-220 degrees C. A detailed analysis of PW also has been done. The main components of the liquid phase are lactic, formic, acetic, levulinic, and propionic acid as well as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, that affect the surface structure of the hydrochars. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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