Article
Thermodynamics
Xinjie Huang, Yu Shao, Junjie Hu, Yang Zhang, Haowei Zhu, Chunlin Liu, Changlong Wang, Pengyuan Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the flame merging and burning characteristics of two ultra-long thin line fires with different spacing distances and heat release rates. The study finds that a larger aspect ratio promotes flame merging and increases the probability of flame merging. The paper also develops models for flame height and inclination angle, providing important parameters for understanding the flame structure.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinjie Huang, Junjie Hu, Yu Shao, Yang Zhang, Haowei Zhu, Chunlin Liu, Yaling Liu, Pengyuan Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the combustion and flame merging characteristics of two n-heptane line pool fires. The effects of groove width, spacing, and ullage height were examined. It was found that flame merging increases with the increase of dimensionless liquid fuel height. The flame height and inclination angle are influenced by the spacing, and the width of the groove affects the flame merging and burning. A heat transfer model is also developed to analyze the burning behaviors of different groove widths.
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Longxing Yu, Huaxian Wan, Zihe Gao, Jie Ji
Summary: This study conducted numerical simulations to analyze the flame characteristics and flame merging phenomenon of square propane fire arrays, comparing the results systematically with experimental data. The critical flame merging spacing of the fire array was found to be 0.4 times the flame height of a single fire, independent of array size. An air entrainment restriction parameter was introduced to characterize the effect of air entrainment, and a maximum air entrainment restriction model was established, which is related to the number of fires in the array.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Einar Arthur Kolstad, Vidar Frette, Ulrich Krause, Bjarne C. Hagen
Summary: The freeboard height affects the mass-loss rate of a pool fire, with higher heights potentially reducing the rate. Additionally, analysis of energy distribution in one experiment showed that 35% of the energy was lost to the surroundings, 30% was stored, and 35% was used for fuel evaporation.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Qiong Liu, Bing Du, Qiang Yan, Long Shi, Ming Li, Zhi Li
Summary: This study investigated the interaction between parallel line fires with a length-width ratio greater than 50 and compared it to a single line fire. Experimental analysis revealed the characteristics of line fires, including burning rate, flame-merging state, flame height, flame tilt angle, and flame length. The study identified the regularity of burning rate under different length-width ratios and revealed a critical criterion for flame-merging. The study also analyzed the flame height and length to describe the flame shape when tilted. It was concluded that the influence of length-width ratio on line fires is limited and further weakened under a greater length-width ratio.
Article
Thermodynamics
Lei Deng, Fei Tang, Xinkai Wang
Summary: Combustion plays a crucial role in energy storage, with energy burning rate and flame shape being key factors. The study of oil energy storage burning rate and flame shape characteristics is essential for controlling energy transfer during combustion. Experimental results show that the proposed correlation is applicable for both annular pools and solid burners.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinfei Zhao, Jiahao Liu, Haihang Li, Jian Wang
Summary: Experimental investigation on horizontal buoyancy-controlled jet fires was conducted to study the flame projection length under different ambient air pressures. It was found that the flame projection length increases with an increase in heat release rate and decreases with increasing ambient air pressure. The relationship between flame projection length and atmospheric pressure can be expressed as a power law.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kuibin Zhou, Xuan Nie, Chao Wang, Yandong Wang, Huichang Niu
Summary: Gas-solid jet fires exhibit characteristics of large lift-off height, low visible flame height, and low radiative fraction. Sand particles act as a heat sink to decrease flame temperature and burning velocity, as well as dilute gas fuel and isolate surrounding oxygen to inhibit combustion. These effects result in a large lift-off height, especially with smaller particle size sand.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shaojie Zhang, Naian Liu, Xiaodong Xie, Linhe Zhang, Jinmo Wu
Summary: This paper investigates the flame merging process of two parallel rectangular fire sources with ground effect. The experiments were carried out with different burner sizes, heat release rates per unit area, and burner spacings. It is found that the flame interaction is weak when the burner size has an aspect ratio of 1. The flame merging probability can be described by the Boltzmann function, and a semi-empirical model is established to correlate the coefficient parameters with the burner aspect ratio. A correction factor is proposed to correct the dimensionless heat release rate, allowing the characteristic dimension of one single fire to be applied to the whole flame merging process. A semi-empirical formula is developed to describe the relationship between the dimensionless flame height and the corrected dimensionless heat release rate.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinjie Huang, Junjie Hu, Zhijie Zhou, Yu Shao, Haowei Zhu, Yang Zhang, Chunlin Liu, Yuxin Wu
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of spacing distance and fuel mass thickness on the combustion and flame merging characteristics of two n-heptane line pool fires. The research findings demonstrate that the probability of flame merging and the temperature of the additional air entrainment region gradually increase with the increase of dimensionless liquid fuel height.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hongyu Lu, Shixiang Liu, Jiang Lv, Xin Li, Michael A. Delichatsios, Longhua Hu
Summary: This work investigates the flame geometrical characteristics of vertical downward turbulent jet fires in still air. The study proposes a new physical model and conducts CFD simulation to show the combustion structure. The research reveals the inner flow field and average mixture fraction of a downward jet fire and validates the CFD result with experimental data. It also discusses the differences between downward, upward, and horizontal jet fires and presents a physical model considering the initial downward momentum, flame buoyancy, and air entrainment.
Article
Thermodynamics
Congling Shi, Lei Deng, Fei Ren, Fei Tang
Summary: Hydrocarbon energy storage is widely used in modern production and life. Combustion is an important form of energy dissipation and plays a crucial role in energy storage failure. This study experimentally characterizes the flame evolution of two adjacent pool fires under transverse air flow and proposes a new correlation that accurately describes the flame height as a function of the ratio of air entrainment caused by transverse air flow to that induced by the flame buoyancy itself.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinhui Wang, Ruiqing Zhang, Yongchang Wang, Long Shi, Shaogang Zhang, Jiahao Liu
Summary: This study presents the results of bench-scale pool fire experiments conducted in a sealed environment to investigate burning characteristics. Although the oxygen fraction in the space decreases gradually during burning, the PER approach can still be used to calculate the transient heat release rate using in-situ measured oxygen fraction. The dimensionless flame height can still be calculated using McCaffrey's model, but with a greater coefficient due to the flame burning in a 'hunger' mode with low oxygen fraction. A new engineering model was developed by curve fitting sealed fire test results to address the limitations of the current non-sealed fire model for centerline temperature rise of pool fires in a sealed environment. Pagni's law can still describe the relationship between flame oscillation frequency and pool fire diameter in a sealed environment, but with modified coefficients.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jie Yuan, Jinlong Zhao, Wei Wang, Rui Yang, Changkun Chen, Ming Fu
Summary: This paper conducts 0# diesel pool fire experiments and proposes a quantifiable risk assessment framework for liquid fuel combustion, providing safety distances and useful framework for managing 0# diesel tank areas.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Aaron Yip, Jan B. Haelssig, Michael J. Pegg
Summary: The composition of a multicomponent pool fire changes during burning, affecting key fire properties such as burning rate. Models based on fuel properties and correlations for flame height and temperature are crucial for predicting burning rate and assessing fire hazards in scenarios involving multicomponent fuels.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xingxing Hu, Lingjie Liu, Yanmeng Bi, Lu Li, Chunsheng Qiu, Jingjie Yu, Shaopo Wang
Summary: In this study, the impact of exogenous folate on the start-up process of single-stage partial nitritation-anammox (SPNA) was evaluated using two lab-scale reactors. The results showed that folate addition can enhance nitrogen removal rate, extracellular polymeric substances production, hydrazine oxidase and dehydrogenase activity, as well as the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shaocang He, Tingting Shen, Jing Sun, Haoqi Pan, Chenxu Sun, Tianpeng Li, Runyao Li, Enshan Zhang
Summary: A novel process of acid leaching neutralization was developed for the preparation of inorganic polymeric composite ferric aluminum silicate coagulant (CFAS) using solid waste coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS). The optimized preparation process was determined through single-factor experiment and the performance of CFAS was evaluated for domestic sewage treatment. The results showed that CFAS exhibited excellent coagulation ability and achieved significant removal efficiency for turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kinga Szatmari, Sandor Nemeth, Alex Kummer
Summary: In this article, a resilience-based reinforcement learning approach is proposed to address the potential thermal runaway issue in batch reactors. By calculating the resilience metric for reactors and utilizing Deep Q-learning to decide when to intervene in the system, resilient-based mitigation systems can be effectively developed.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingyou Jiang, Qi Yao, Mingqing Su, Jingjing Li, Kunlun Lu, Dawei Ding, Han Hong
Summary: This study investigates the inhibitory characteristics and mechanisms of ABC powder on coal powder explosion. The addition of ABC powder significantly decreases the maximum explosion pressure and can completely suppress coal dust explosions. The study also reveals the thermal decomposition characteristics and reaction kinetics of the mixed system.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kubilay Bayramoglu, Mustafa Nuran
Summary: This study examines the feasibility of using pyrolytic oil from waste tires as fuel in diesel engines, and evaluates its energy, exergy, and sustainability. The results indicate that pyrolytic oil has potential as a renewable fuel source with relatively high thermal efficiency.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinru Duan, Yejia Lv, Jiaxing Hong, Jianzhong Wu, Jia Zhang, Yang Yue, Guangren Qian
Summary: This study successfully prepared a tube reactor with optimized catalyst formula, which showed good performance in removing dioxins and other pollutants in the experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiaoyang Du, Xueming Dang, Xiaorong Gan, Xin Cui, Huimin Zhao
Summary: In this study, a photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid system was constructed, which solved the issue of enzyme inactivation caused by high concentration of H2O2 through photocatalytic in-situ H2O2 production, and improved the stability and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. The effectiveness of the system in treating phenolic EDCs was confirmed through experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fu-Rong Xiu, Longsheng Zhan, Yingying Qi, Xinyue Lei, Jiali Wang, Haipeng Zhou, Wenting Shao
Summary: This study developed a synergetic and high-efficiency treatment of waste tantalum capacitors (WTCs) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using subcritical water process. The treatment significantly reduced the temperature and reaction time for metal tantalum recovery from WTCs, and improved the dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The optimized conditions resulted in 100% resin conversion efficiency of WTCs and 97.39% dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The interaction between decomposition products of WTCs and PVC produced a high level of benzoic acid.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingda Li, Jiaming Song, Yuting Li, Chaoying Meng, Shuxian Wang, Linghao Zong, Honggang Ye, Yishuai Jing, Feng Teng, Peng Hu, Haibo Fan, Guangde Chen, Xin Zhao
Summary: CdPS3 nanosheets, especially those exfoliated by sodium cholate, have shown highly efficient photocatalytic degradation performance. The strong dark adsorption and dye-sensitized photocatalytic properties of CdPS3 nanosheets contribute to high degradation efficiencies of various pollutants.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dongxu Ouyang, Yimei Pang, Bo Liu, Zhirong Wang
Summary: This study investigates the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion cells under tunnel conditions, considering different states of charge and tunnel ceilings. The results show that the tunnel visibility is affected by the smoke generated during thermal runaway, and the shape of the tunnel ceiling influences the temperature rise differently.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)