期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 117, 期 30, 页码 17578-17583出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918953117
关键词
biogeography; end-Permian mass extinction; global warming; ocean anoxia; biodiversity
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41821001]
- State Key R&D project of China [2016YFA0601100]
- Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB26000000]
- Marie Curie Fellowship [H2020-MSCA-IF-2015-701652]
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P0137224/1]
- German Science Foundation (DFG) [HU 2748/1-1]
- NERC [NE/P013724/1] Funding Source: UKRI
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is recognized as one of the most pervasive, global patterns of present-day biodiversity. However, the controlling mechanisms have proved difficult to identify because many potential drivers covary in space. The geological record presents a unique opportunity for understanding the mechanisms which drive the LDG by providing a direct window to deep-time biogeographic dynamics. Here we used a comprehensive database containing 52,318 occurrences of marine fossils to show that the shape of the LDG changed greatly during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction from showing a significant tropical peak to a flattened LDG. The flat LDG lasted for the entire Early Triassic (similar to 5 My) before reverting to a modern-like shape in the Middle Triassic. The environmental extremes that prevailed globally, especially the dramatic warming, likely induced selective extinction in low latitudes and accumulation of diversity in high latitudes through origination and poleward migration, which combined together account for the flat LDG of the Early Triassic.
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