Cognitive impairment and its risk factors among Myanmar elderly using the Revised Hasegawa's Dementia Scale: A cross-sectional study in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

Background Globally, elderly population with impaired cognitive function, such as dementia, has been accelerating, and Myanmar is no exception. However, cognitive function among elderly in Myanmar has rarely been assessed. This study aimed to identify the rate of cognitive impairment and its risk factors among the elderly in Myanmar. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at rural health centers in Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory, Myanmar, from December 2018 to January 2019. In total, 757 elderly individuals aged 60 years or over (males: 246 [32.5%], females: 511 [67.5%]) were interviewed using a face-to-face method with a pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The rate of impaired cognitive function among participants was 29.9% (males: 23.6%; females: 32.9%). The following participants were more likely to present cognitive impairment: those aged 70-79 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-2.70) and 80 years or older (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 2.25-6.76); those who were illiterate (AOR = 9.1; 95% CI: 3.82-21.51); and those dependent on family members (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.04-2.44). The elderly livening with their families and those who reported having good health (AOR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.44-0.99) were less likely to have cognitive impairment. Conclusion Using the HDS-R Myanmar version, this study reported that there out of five elderly participants had cognitive impairment, and its risk factors, altering policy makers that Myanmar needs to prepare for adequate healthcare services and social support for elderly with cognitive impairment. Future research should be performed not only to detect general cognitive impairment but also to differentiate specific cognitive domains impairments among Myanmar elderly. Longitudinal studies are needed to observe the causal and protective factors associated with cognitive impairments in Myanmar.