The Cyclin CYCA3;4 Is a Postprophase Target of the APC/CCCS52A2E3-Ligase Controlling Formative Cell Divisions in Arabidopsis

Timely postprophase breakdown of the Arabidopsis cyclin CYCA3;4 by the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome is essential for meristem organization and development. The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) controls unidirectional progression through the cell cycle by marking key cell cycle proteins for proteasomal turnover. Its activity is temporally regulated by the docking of different activating subunits, known in plants as CELL DIVISION PROTEIN20 (CDC20) and CELL CYCLE SWITCH52 (CCS52). Despite the importance of the APC/C during cell proliferation, the number of identified targets in the plant cell cycle is limited. Here, we used the growth and meristem phenotypes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CCS52A2-deficient plants in a suppressor mutagenesis screen to identify APC/C(CCS52A2)substrates or regulators, resulting in the identification of a mutant cyclinCYCA3;4allele. CYCA3;4 deficiency partially rescues theccs52a2-1phenotypes, whereas increased CYCA3;4 levels enhance the scoredccs52a2-1phenotypes. Furthermore, whereas the CYCA3;4 protein is promptly broken down after prophase in wild-type plants, it remains present in later stages of mitosis inccs52a2-1mutant plants, marking it as a putative APC/C(CCS52A2)substrate. Strikingly, increased CYCA3;4 levels result in aberrant root meristem and stomatal divisions, mimicking phenotypes of plants with reduced RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED PROTEIN1 (RBR1) activity. Correspondingly, RBR1 hyperphosphorylation was observed in CYCA3;4 gain-of-function plants. Our data thus demonstrate that an inability to timely destroy CYCA3;4 contributes to disorganized formative divisions, possibly in part caused by the inactivation of RBR1.