Evaluation of optical and gamma ray shielding features for tungsten-based bismuth borate glasses

A series of six tungsten-based bismuth borate glasses with a xWO(3)- 20 Bi2O3- 20 Na2O2 - (60-x) B2O3), 0 <= x <= 5 wt% chemical composition were synthesized by using the solid-state conventional method. The structures of the fabricated samples were studied with X-ray diffraction analysis. Optical features such as the energy gap (E-g), Urbach energy (E-u), steepness parameter (S), refractive index (n) and Fermi level energy (E-F) were measured for the fabricated glasses with a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo simulation code (MCNP-5) was applied to estimate the gamma ray mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for the fabricated glasses. The simulated data showed that the insertion of WO3 increases the MACs of the fabricated samples: the highest and lowest MACs were obtained for the W6 and W1 glasses, respectively. Then, the simulated MAC was used to calculate the mean free path (MFP) for all the fabricated glasses. The thinnest MFP was achieved by W6 (increasing from 0.007 to 70,560 between 0.015 and 15 MeV, respectively), while the thickest MFP was achieved by W1 (increasing from 0.0100 to 8.975 between 0.015 and 15 MeV, respectively). Moreover, new Phy-x/PD software was used to calculate MAC, MFP, equivalent atomic number (Z(eq)) and the exposure and energy absorption buildup factors (EBF and EABF). The simulated and calculated results showed that adding WO3 enhances the shielding properties of the synthesized glass.